Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Preplant applications of potassium azide (KN3) to pine nursery beds were evaluated for effect on the soil microflora and on soil enzyme activity where either plastic-sealing or water-sealing techniques were used. Two weeks after incorporation of azide (0-224 kg/hs), soil samplings revealed reduced populations of bacteria and fungi and a corresponding decline in invertase and amylase activities. These effects were proportionate to the amount of azide used and were more pronounced in plastic-sealed plots. Phosphatase activity was little affected. Five weeks after azide application, bacterial populations were higher in treated plots than in controls. Greater numbers of bacteria were recorded from plastic-sealed plots and highest populations coincided with plots receiving the highest rates of azide, regardless of the sealing technique. Fungal populations at this sampling were generally less in treated plots than in the controls, but were higher under plastic seal. At this time, changes in invertase and amylase activities did not correspond to increased microbial numbers. Sixteen weeks after applications of KN3, bacterial populations in treated plots did not differ significantly from controls, but remained higher in plastic-sealed than water-sealed plots. Fungal populations under plastic seal had changed little and remained significantly lower in treated water-sealed plots than in controls. The earlier recorded reduction in invertase and amylase activities was still evident at the final sampling;
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PMID:Effects of potassium azide on soil microbial populations and soil enzymatic activities. 16 68

The subcellular distribution of adenyl cyclase was investigated in small intestinal epithelial cells. Enterocytes were isolated, disrupted and the resulting membranes fractionated by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Separation of luminal (brush border) and contra-luminal (basolateral) plasma membrane was achieved on a discontinuous sucrose gradient. The activity of adenyl cyclase was followed during fractionation in relation to other enzymes, notably those considered as markers for luminal and contraluminal plasma membrane. The luminal membrane was identified by the membrane-bound enzymes sucrase and alkaline phosphatase and the basolateral region by (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. Enrichment of the former two enzymes in purified luminal plasma membrane was 8-fold over cells and that of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in purified bisolateral plasma membranes was 13-fold. F--activated adenyl cyclase co-purified with (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, suggesting a common localization on the plasma membrane. The distribution of K+-stimulated phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase also followed (Na+ + K+)-ATPase during fractionation.
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PMID:The surface membrane of the small intestinal epithelial cell. I. Localization of adenyl cyclase. 17 91

The biological activity of the soil under a beech forest and a spruce forest was examined in respect to the CO2-production of the soil samples, the speed of vanillin decomposition, as well as the activity of the soil enzymes catalse, saccharase and phosphatase. Both soils indicated an indentical course of seasonal activity.
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PMID:[Seasonal changes in soil biological activity of two different forest association (author's transl)]. 20 61

Various enzyme activities involved in the active transport system, glycolysis, and digestion were assayed in various parts of the gastrointestinal tracts of germfree, conventional, and gnotobiotic rats associated with indigenous bacteria. The activity levels of alkaline phosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and disaccharidases in the upper small intestine were highest in all parts of the gastrointestinal tracts of various kinds of gnotobiotic, conventional, and germfree rats. Alkaline phosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase activities in the upper small intestine of germfree rats were, respectively, 2.3-, 2.9-, and 1.7-fold higher than those in conventional rats. Similar to the results of these enzymes, sucrase, maltase, trehalase, and lactase activities in the upper small intestine of germfree rats were, respectively, 1.6-, 1.5-, 2.3-, and 1.8-fold higher than those in conventional rats. In various gnotobiotic rats, enzyme activity levels were intermediate between those in germfree and conventional rats. These findings suggest that those enzymatic activities are strongly depressed by the association with the indigenous microorganisms in the epithelial mucosa of the upper small intestine of rats. The levels of pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were highest, respectively, in the stomach, cecum, and the upper small intestine and cecum in all parts of the gastrointestinal tracts in various kinds of gnotobiotic, conventional, and germfree rats. It was also shown that six kinds of gastrointestinal bacteria, including lactobacilli, significantly depressed the enzyme activity levels to levels between those of the germfree and conventional rats in the upper small intestine of gnotobiotic rats.
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PMID:Intestinal enzyme activities in germfree, conventional, and gnotobiotic rats associated with indigenous microorganisms. 20 6

1. The proteins of the intestinal microvillus membrane have been studied during post-natal development in the rat (days 12--37). 2. In suckling animals (up to age 20 days), the majority of alkaline phosphatase, glucoamylase and lactase activities in the distal half of the intestine were located in the supernatant fraction (100000 X g, 60 min). These enzymes were attached to the membrane from the proximal intestine at all ages. 3. Alkaline phosphatase, maltase and lactase activities in the supernatant fractions chromatographed in Sephadex G-200 in positions similar to the corresponding membrane enzyme. Corresponding activities for lysosomal counter-parts of maltase and lactase present in the supernatant fraction chromatographed differently. Moreover, pH optimum of the soluble enzymes was 9.2 for phosphatase and 5.5--6.0 for glycoamylase and lactase. The soluble lactase and alkaline phosphatase were inhibited minimally by p-chloromercuribenzoate, and sodium fluoride respectively. L-Phenylalanine (20 mM) did inhibit the soluble phosphatase by 90%. Thus, the soluble enzymes are not mainly of the lysosomal origin, but have characteristics of membrane-bound enzymes. 4. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed 18 protein bands which were present in adult membranes. Two other proteins were unique for membranes of distal intestine in suckling rats. The proteins corresponding to known enzyme activity changed as expected with age (e.g. sucrase, maltase increased, lactase decreased). Most of the other proteins were also altered in amount during development. Thus, the changes in the microvillus membrane during development in the rat are not limited to specific enzymes.
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PMID:Development of intestinal brush border membrane proteins in the rat. 41 9

When rats are hypophysectomized in neonatal life, the growth of the small intestine is more severely retarded than the growth of the body as a whole. It was shown previously that intestinal growth is not rectified by doses of cortisone and/or throxine that restore normal activity of brush border enzymes in hypophysectomized sucklings; growth hormone did not affect relative weight or enzyme activity. Reexamination of this problem with much lower doses of hormones than previously employed has now shown that relative weight of the intestine is enhanced by cortisone and thyroxine together, and is normalized by cortisone and thyroxine in combination with rat growth hormone. Growth induced by treatment with the three hormones involved increases of crypt depth and villus height, and of mitotic index. Body weight was not affected by hormonal treatment, but the tails of the hypophysectomized sucklings were significantly lengthened by thyroxine alone, the effect being enhanced when growth hormone was also given. The physiological dose of hormones used in the present study were as effective in elevating activity of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase as the larger doses previously used. Cortisone had a greater effect on sucrase, thyroxine on phosphatase. Pentagastrin did not influence either growth or enzyme activity.
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PMID:Hormonal influences on the growth and enzymic differentiation of the small intestine of the hypophysectomized rat. 75 Mar 12

From an homogeneous breeding one can occasionnally select a rat (rat +) showing an exceptionally high calcium absorption. For such a rat, high calcium absorption is accompained by a similar high alkaline phosphatase activity in the ileum. This fact was shown in six different assays. For rat +, this enzymatic excitation seems specific for intestinal phosphatase. Other characteristic enzymes of brush border such as maltase, invertase and leucylaminopeptidase do not vary much. Only slight modifications of phosphatase activity were observed in other organs or tissues: plasma, kidney, bone. The variations for liver are more important but unsignificant. The high calcium absorption is related to alkaline phosphatase. It is observed atdifferent steps of the preperation and can be increased by sorbitol, this last property being characteristic of the enzyme. The aptitude of a rat + for high calcium absorption is only momentany. When it goes back to usual calcium utilization, intestinal mucosa shows a normal phosphatasic activity.
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PMID:[New correlation between absorption of calcium and activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatases]. 93 Dec 62

The effect of tetramethylthiuramdisulphide on the activity of the small intestine mucosa in rats was studied. When administered in different doses the compound was found to bring about, in the main, a fall of the monoglyceride-lipase and dipeptidase and a rise of the invertase alkaline-phosphatase and amylolytic activity. A protracted introduction of the compound brings down the weight of the small intestine mucosa. One month after stoppage of the drug's administration in a dose of 1/50 DL50 practised for 6 months and 15 days following its single introduction in a dose of 1/3 DL50 the enzymatic and the weight of the intestinal mucosa returned back to normal.
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PMID:[Effect of different doses of tetramethylthiuram disulfide on the enzyme-forming function of the small intestine]. 127 53

Four yeast secretion signals, the 19-amino-acid invertase signal sequence, the 17-amino-acid acid-phosphatase signal sequence, and the pre-sequence and prepro-sequence of prepro-alpha-factor have been used to look for the secretion of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Only the prepro-sequence, often referred to as the alpha-factor leader and consisting of an N-terminal 19-amino-acid pre-sequence or signal sequence attached to a 66-amino-acid pro-region, permits secretion of IGF1. The signal sequences alone do not allow the translocation of IGF1 into the endoplasmic reticulum. This is evident from the fact that IGF1-like molecules, to which the signal sequences are still attached, accumulate intracellularly in the cytosol. Fusion of the pro-region of the alpha-factor leader to the C-terminus of the acid-phosphatase and invertase signal sequences allows IGF1 to be secreted once again. These results reveal the essential role of the pro-region of the alpha-factor leader in the secretion of IGF1 and indicate that it may have a function in guiding a nascent IGF1 polypeptide to a state in which translocation can occur.
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PMID:The pro-region of the yeast prepro-alpha-factor is essential for membrane translocation of human insulin-like growth factor 1 in vivo. 160 61

The influence of vitamin D and C deficiency on the kinetic parameters of sucrase and alkali phosphatase activities was studied in the microsomal fraction of the small intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs. It was found that Km values for these enzymes did not depend on the animal providing with these vitamins. Deficiency of one of these vitamins did not influence sucrase activity, however, simultaneous elimination of vitamins D and C resulted in the activity rise by 92%. Alkali phosphatase and Ca-ATPase activities proved to be similarly dependent on providing with vitamin D in the presence of vitamin C in the ration, while in the absence of vitamin C this dependence was not observed.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activity of the microsomal fraction of the mucosa of the small intestine in guinea pigs with vitamin D and C deficiencies]. 296 18


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