Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the crewmembers of four Salyut-6 long-term flights, enzyme excretory function of the gastro-intestinal tract was investigated. These studies included: gastric proenzyme, pepsinogen, and pancreatic enzymes, amylase and lipase, in blood and urine, trypsin in blood, intestinal enzymes, invertase and glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase in feces, and lipids in feces. The results obtained demonstrated a correlation between changes in enzyme excretion and space flight duration and profile. After the 140- and 175-day flight the most marked changes in the digestive organs were seen; they manifested as a simultaneous increase in secretory function of the stomach and the pancreas. However, after the 185-day flight, in which advanced countermeasures were used, the above changes were less distinct.
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PMID:[Digestive system status after prolonged space flights]. 707 32

The enzyme-excretory and motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract of rats flown for 18.5 days onboard the biosatellite Cosmos-1129 were studied. Immediately postflight, the pepsin synthesis decreased and the dipeptide parietal hydrolysis increased. At R + 6, the activity of the enzymes responsible for the cavitary and parietal hydrolysis of lipids significantly grew and that of the enzymes involved in protein hydrolysis fell. At R + 30, the carbohydrate hydrolysis was inhibited and the activity of lipolytic enzymes enhanced markedly. The amplitude and rhythm of stomach biopotentials were dysbalanced. The so-called immobilization stress of intact rats brought about activation of lipase, monoglyceridyl lipase, dipeptidase and inhibition of amylase and invertase. The immobilization exposure of flight rats caused inhibition of the membrane hydrolysis of proteins and carbohydrates and lack of the pancreatic reaction.
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PMID:[Functional state of the gastrointestinal tract organs in rats after a flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite]. 707 39

Organoleptic and some of the chemical parameters of sugar honey were compared with those of nectar beehoney. Rapid methods were devised to determine the main parameters characteristic of the soundness of beehoney. It was found that beehoney containing over 7% of saccharose may be regarded as feed, immature or sugar-falsified. In natural beehoney, the amount of saccharose, amylase (diastase) and invertase mainly depends on the degree of maturation and physiological status of the bee families during yield of honey. Sugar honey is characterized by the increased content of saccharose and water, reduced quantity of inverted sugar and low diastase activity.
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PMID:[Criteria for distinguishing sugar-adulterated honey from the natural]. 707 84

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two early nutrient restriction programs on performance, selected characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and activities of digestive enzymes of broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty male broiler (Ross x Ross) chicks kept in floor pens were assigned to three groups. The control group (C) was given ad libitum access to feed from 1 to 48 d of age. Another group was restricted from 11 to 14 d (R4) of age to an energy intake of .74 x BW.67 kcal ME/d, and a third group was restricted from 7 to 14 d (R7) of age to an energy intake of 1.5 x BW.67 kcal ME/d. Then, both restricted groups were given ad libitum access to feed through 48 d. Body weight and feed intake were determined weekly and selected carcass characteristics were measured at 48 d of age. Broilers also were sampled at 7, 14, 21, and 42 d of age to obtain data on components of the GIT (proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, and small intestine) and activities of selected digestive enzymes. Feed-restricted groups were lighter in body weight (P < .01) at 14 and 48 d of age than the C group but were superior in overall feed efficiency. No treatment effects were observed for percentage yields of breast meat and abdominal fat pad. Absolute weights of GIT components were significantly reduced at 14 d of age by feed restriction. However, GIT components increased in weight more quickly after refeeding than did the whole body. Restricted groups had reduced (P < .01) specific activities of jejunal alkaline phosphatase and pancreatic trypsin, amylase, and lipase as compared with the C group at 14 d of age but not at 21 and 42 d of age. Relative activities for jejunal maltase and sucrase were greater (P < .01) at 21 d of age in the R4 and R7 groups than in the C group. The present data show that feed restriction results in transient changes in organs and activities of digestive enzymes, suggesting a functional adaptation to feed restriction.
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PMID:Effect of early nutrient restriction on broiler chickens. 2. Performance and digestive enzyme activities. 750 92

Activities of twelve hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive tract of young rabbits before weaning (4 weeks old) and adult rabbits (3 months old) were measured. The principal digestive enzymes in both groups of rabbits appeared to be amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), maltase (EC 3.2.1.20), pectinase (EC 3.2.1.15) and proteinases. The stomach of young rabbits contained most of the lipolytic activity and 45.7% of the total proteolytic activity of the digestive tract. The highest specific activities (per g digesta) of amylase, maltase and proteinase in young rabbits were found in the small intestine. Total activities (per segment) of amylase and maltase in the small intestine and the caecum were similar. Activities of cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4), inulinase (EC 3.2.1.7) and beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) were low and activity of pectinase was fairly high in all segments of the digestive tract. The highest activity of urease (EC 3.5.1.5) was found in the caecum. Enzymic profiles of the colonic chymus resembled those of the caecum. Total hydrolytic activity was lower in the colon than in the caecum. Specific activities of amylase and invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) were lower and those of inulinase and lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) higher in 4-week-old rabbits than in 3-month-old rabbits. Gastric proteinase represented almost half of the total proteolytic activity of the digestive tract, whereas lipolytic activity of gastric contents was not found in measurable quantities in adult rabbits. The caecal contents of adult rabbits contained most of the total activity of lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), cellulase, xylanase (EC 3.2.1.32), pectinase, lactase, invertase, beta-glucosidase and urease present in the digestive tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Distribution of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the digestive tract of rabbits. 753 89

The activities of amylase, total proteases, monoglyceride lipase, glycyl-leucine dipeptidase and sucrase were investigated in mucosa from five consecutive parts of small intestine in blue fox, mink, ferret and rat. In comparison with rats, the activity gradient of carbohydrates and TPA in mucosa of predatory animals was shifted in the distal direction. The distribution of dipeptidase and monoglyceride lipase along the intestine was similar enough in all animals: the first was exemplarily the same all along the gut, while the second slightly decreased in a distal direction.
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PMID:Distribution of digestive enzyme activities along intestine in blue fox, mink, ferret and rat. 755 36

To determine the prevalence of short polymers of glucose and starch malabsorption caused by small intestinal glucoamylase deficiency in children with chronic diarrhea, we studied small bowel biopsy specimens from 511 children (aged 1 month to 9 years) with chronic diarrhea evaluated at 54 medical centers. Glucoamylase and disaccharidase (lactase, sucrase, maltase, and palatinase) enzyme assays were performed. Of the 511 children, 15 had glucoamylase deficiency. Six who had significant small intestinal mucosal injury and disaccharidase deficiencies were defined as having secondary glucoamylase deficiency; the other nine patients with normal mucosal morphologic features were defined as having primary glucoamylase deficiency. Secretin tests showed normal pancreatic amylase values for age in all seven children tested. Four of them had abnormal findings on tolerance tests for starch and short polymers of glucose (rise in blood glucose concentration: < 20 mg/dl) and reducing substances in stools, and three of these four had symptoms of intolerance (abdominal distention, flatulence, and diarrhea). All seven patients responded to a starch elimination diet. After reintroduction of a starch diet, diarrhea recurred in four patients; this was alleviated 48 hours after reelimination of starch. We conclude that intestinal glucoamylase deficiency is present in some patients with chronic diarrhea.
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PMID:Small intestinal glucoamylase deficiency and starch malabsorption: a newly recognized alpha-glucosidase deficiency in children. 815 67

The enzyme that catalyzed the conversion of human salivary alpha-amylase family A (HSA-A) to family B (HSA-B) was identified. It was partially purified from the precipitate obtained by centrifugation of human saliva at 105,000 x g for 60 min by solubilization with 3[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate and column chromatographies with Sephacryl S-300-HR and hydroxylapatite. The enzyme preparation was practically free from contaminating exoglycosidases and proteases. The enzyme cleaved the N,N'-diacetylchitobiose moiety of the sugar chain of HSA-A, as shown by the isolation of the protein moiety which contained 1 GlcNAc and 1 Fuc residue and the sugar chain (Gal)2(Fuc)1(GlcNAc)2(Man)3(GlcNAc). This enzyme also cleaved the N,N'-diacetylchitobiose moiety of the sugar chain of human transferrin tetraglycopeptide Asn-Tyr-Asn(GlcNAc)2(Man)3(GlcNAc)2(Gal)2-Lys to yield equimolar amounts of peptide Asn-Tyr-Asn(GlcNAc)Lys and sugar chain (Gal)2(GlcNAc)2(Man)3(GlcNAc). The enzyme was identified as an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The enzyme acted on HSA-A with desialylated and defucosylated outer chain moieties of the sugar chains at a similar rate as that of native HSA-A. The enzyme activity was reduced to 13 and 5% using HSA-A with the sugar chains whose outer chain moieties lacked Gal and GlcNAc, respectively, from the nonreducing end. The enzyme also acted on human transferrin, calf fetuin, and asparagine oligosaccharides of transferrin and fetuin. On the other hand, the enzyme did not act on ovalbumin, RNase B, Taka-amylase, yeast invertase, and ovalbumin asparagine oligosaccharides. These results indicate that human salivary endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase is specific for complex type sugar chains and can release the sugar chains from native glycoproteins and glycopeptides regardless of the existence of a Fuc residue on the proximal GlcNAc of the N,N'-diacetylchitobiose core of their sugar chains. The source of the enzyme was epithelial cells peeling from the oral cavity epithelium into saliva. The enzyme was thought to be integrated on the surface of the epithelial cell membrane. This enzyme was named endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase HS. Thus, these studies indicate that the properties of the enzyme are distinct from those of known endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase HS is a novel endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase.
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PMID:Human salivary endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase HS specific for complex type sugar chains of glycoproteins. 834 Apr 28

Tests were conducted to determine the effects of fungicides, captafol and chlorothalonil, on microbial and enzymatic activities in sandy loam. The results indicated that when captafol or chlorothalonil was added to the sandy loam, bacterial and fungicidal populations initially decreased with the treatments but recovered rapidly to levels similar to those in the controls. No inhibition on oxidation of soil ammonia or organic sulfur was observed. The fungicide treatments significantly increased oxygen consumption from the decomposition of organic matter indigenous to the soil. Both fungicides suppressed invertase and amylase for 1 day. However, the inhibitory effect disappeared after 2 days. Captafol depressed dehydrogenase for 4 days and recovered to equal to that of control after 7 days. No inhibitory effect on urease and phosphatase was shown with the fungicidal treatments. Although some stimulatory influences of fungicides on microbial and enzymatic activities were found in the soil, in no instance were the effects dramatic or sufficient enough to be considered important to soil fertility.
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PMID:Effect of fungicides, captafol and chlorothalonil, on microbial and enzymatic activities in mineral soil. 842 61

1. Body weight, digestive organ weights, and activities of disaccharidases (maltase and saccharase) activities were determined from day of hatch to 21 d of age in meat- and egg-type chickens. Blood plasma was analysed for enzyme activities and metabolite concentration. 2. In meat-type chickens food intake and growth rate were about 3-fold those in egg-type chickens. Food efficiency was superior in meat-type chickens throughout the experimental period. 3. Meat-type chickens hatched with disaccharidase activities exceeding those found in their egg-type counterparts 2- to 5-fold. From 7 d of age on, this trend reversed, i.e. activity was much higher in egg-type than in meat-type chickens. 4. Blood plasma amylase activity increased gradually in meat-type chickens and was higher than in egg-type chickens to 14 d of age. No breed differences were observed for alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase activities during the experimental period. 5. Blood plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, glucose, and calcium, were lower in meat than in egg-type chickens.
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PMID:Comparative development of digestive organs, intestinal disaccharidases and some blood metabolites in broiler and layer-type chicks after hatching. 877 45


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