Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dietary nucleoside (DN) as a precursor for nucleic acid synthesis may be important for rapidly dividing cells, since gut epithelial cells have limited capacity for de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis. We evaluated in a controlled blinded study the effect of added nucleosides, 0.8% by weight, given for 2 weeks, on gut growth and maturation in 20 weanling rats. Mucosal protein and DNA in the proximal intestinal segment were 50% and 77% higher, respectively, in the DN-supplemented group (n = 10; p less than 0.05). Villus height based on cell count was 25% greater in the DN group (p less than 0.05). Maltase activity was significantly greater in proximal, middle, and distal intestinal segments, and the largest increase, 87%, was seen in the proximal gut mucosa. The maltase/lactase ratio was also higher in this segment. Increases in sucrase were less prominent. Lactase was minimally affected. The pattern of change in disaccharidase activity suggests that DN may enhance gut growth and maturation of the intestine in the weanling rat, the effects being more pronounced in the proximal segment. Diets free of nucleosides and nitrogenous bases may have adverse effects on the gut.
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PMID:Effect of dietary nucleosides on growth and maturation of the developing gut in the rat. 235 83

To determine whether serum and mucosal DAO activity reflects quantitative changes in the small bowel mucosal mass, we have chosen an experimental model of mucosal hyperplasia which is known to occur in the rat after enterectomy. A 50% proximal enterectomy or a single transection was performed in 20 growing rats weighing 145-160 g. Ten days following surgery, we determined mucosal mass parameters (weight, protein, and DNA content), sucrase activity, and DAO activity in the duodenum (segment A), proximal ileum (segment B), and distal ileum (segment C) of the remaining small intestine. Mucosal hyperplasia was demonstrated by the finding that in each segment, mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content per centimeter of gut length were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher (+38 to + 78%) in the resected group than in transected controls. In segments B and C of resected rats, the changes in DAO activity expressed per gram of mucosa paralleled the changes in mucosal mass, the activity being increased by +69% and +49% (P less than 0.05) compared to the values recorded in transected controls. Expressed per centimeter of gut length, total DAO activity was also enhanced by +141% in segment B (P less than 0.05 vs controls) and by +87% in segment C (P less than 0.01 vs controls) of resected rats. In the duodenum, the changes in DAO activity were small (+36%) and not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in serum and intestinal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity after proximal enterectomy in rats. Correlation of DAO activity with mucosal mass parameters. 250 67

110 children suffering from malabsorption underwent several biopsies of the gut to confirm coeliac disease (CD) following the ESPGAN criteria. We studied the values for alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the intestinal mucosa after gluten challenge. In 42 patients the after challenge biopsy was normal, thus excluding coeliac disease. In 68 children the mucosa was severely damaged confirming CD. In all biopsy specimens lactase, invertase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase were measured. We found a good correlation between PA values and severity of mucosal damage, showing that measurement of PA in the mucosa is helpful in assessing the degree of mucosal atrophy in children suffering from malabsorption.
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PMID:[Alkaline phosphatase in the intestinal mucosa of children with the malabsorption syndrome]. 250 30

The effect of chronic administration of hydrocortisone during pregnancy on growth and maturation of the foetal gut and pancreas was investigated. Groups of 10- to 11-day pregnant rats were injected with saline or hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) once a day for 10 days. The pancreas, antrum, and small intestine of newborns (8-10 h after birth) were analysed for various determinants of growth and maturation. The small-intestinal weight and DNA, RNA, and protein were significantly higher in newborns from hydrocortisone-treated animals than those of saline-treated controls. Hydrocortisone treatment resulted in an induction of sucrase and significantly stimulated total lactase activity. After the steroid treatment during pregnancy, the weight of the pancreas and its DNA content in newborns were also significantly elevated when compared with those from saline-treated controls. However, neither pancreatic RNA nor protein content differed significantly between the groups. Antral gastrin content in newborns from hydrocortisone-treated mothers was significantly higher than that from saline-treated controls. Pancreatic gastrin content in newborns was slightly but not significantly reduced after the steroid administration to mothers. It is concluded that glucocorticoids induce growth and maturation of foetal gut and pancreas.
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PMID:Influence of glucocorticoids on prenatal development of the gut and pancreas in rats. 258 7

The effect of peptic-tryptic digested gliadin (PT-gliadin) on the increase in sucrase activity in different fractions of tissue cultured fetal chick duodenum was investigated and compared with that of monensin, a known perturbant of the Golgi complex. PT-gliadin diminished the rise in sucrase activity in the tissue homogenate, in a brush border fraction, and in the high speed supernatant, whereas the activity in a Ca2+-pelleted fraction including endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus was unaffected. In contrast, monensin caused a proportional inhibition of the increase in sucrase activity in all fractions examined. The findings might suggest that PT-gliadin is able to affect intracellular processing of sucrase with the site of attack being distal to that of monensin in the biogenesis of the enzyme. Whether the effect of PT-gliadin on fetal gut is relevant also for celiac intestine remains to be established.
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PMID:Effect of gliadin on the distribution of sucrase among different fractions of fetal chick intestine. 277 45

We evaluated the effect of intestinal anastomosis without resection on gut morphometry (muscle thickness, villus height, and crypt depth), growth indices (DNA, protein, and protein:DNA ratio), and disaccharidase activity (maltase, sucrase, and lactase) in the growing animal. A group of 10 weanling Sprague-Dawley rats at 21 days of age was subjected to intestinal transection and anastomosis in the upper jejunum, 10 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. A second group of 10 similar rats was used as a control group. All rats were fed a regular diet and kept under the same conditions. They were sacrificed 2 weeks later. Body weight, intestinal weight, and intestinal length measurements were obtained. The intestine was divided into two sections: preanastomotic (section A) and postanastomotic (section B) in the surgery group and equivalent sections A and B in the control group. Specimens were subjected to morphometric evaluation and mucosal scrapings for biochemical analysis. Despite significant weight gain in the control group, there were no differences in intestinal length, intestinal weight, and mucosal weight between the two groups. Muscle thickness, villus height, and crypt depth were significantly increased in the preanastomotic segment. Protein and DNA were also higher in the preanastomotic segment, but the protein:DNA ratio was less affected. There was significantly decreased enzymatic activity in the preanastomotic segment. Intestinal anastomosis has a significant effect on gut growth and maturation in the growing animal and may have important implications in the postoperative management of newborns and infants following intestinal surgery.
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PMID:The effect of intestinal anastomosis on gut growth and maturation. 280 56

An experimental model was designed to analyze the effect of fetal gut mesenchyme on the cytodifferentiation of crypt cells and of embryonic progenitor cells. The cells used were the rat intestinal crypt cell line, IEC-17, and primary cell cultures prepared form isolated 14-day-old fetal intestinal endoderm (EC). Both cultures prepared from isolated 14-day-old fetal rat intestinal endoderm (EC). Both types of cells were associated with 14-day-old fetal rat gut mesenchyme (Rm) and grafted under the kidney capsule of adult rats. Seventy percent of the Rm/EC and ten percent of the Rm/IEC recombinants, recovered after 9 days, exhibited well-vascularized structures in which the mesenchyme had induced morphogenesis of the cells into a villus epithelium. The four main intestinal epithelial cell types, absorptive, goblet, endocrine, and Paneth cells, were identified using electron microscopy. Biochemical determinations of enzyme activities associated with brush border membranes revealed that alkaline phosphatase, lactase, sucrase, and maltase were expressed in both types of associations. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining using monoclonal antibodies to brush border enzymes. Both enzyme assays and immunocytochemistry showed that the amount of enzymes present in the brush border membrane of Rm/IEC grafts was in general lower than that of the Rm/EC recombinants. The results indicate that fetal rat gut mesenchyme enables morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of both crypt and embryonic progenitor cells.
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PMID:Fetal gut mesenchyme induces differentiation of cultured intestinal endodermal and crypt cells. 286 51

The aim of the present study was to test the morphological and functional maturation of recombinants composed of chick intestinal endoderms associated to different mesenchymal supports and their enzymatic response to glucocorticoids. For this purpose 5.5-day chick embryonic intestinal endoderm has been associated to 14-day fetal rat gut mesenchyme, to rat intestinal fibroblasts (6-day neonatal rat intramucosal fibroblasts) or to rat control fibroblasts, originating from 20-day fetal rat skin and lung and from 6-day neonatal rat intestinal muscle. The recombinants were grown as intracoelomic grafts either for 12 days or for 10 days plus 2 days in organ culture in the presence of dexamethasone. The data show that heterospecific recombinants achieve subnormal morphogenesis and enzymatic maturation. The organ culture experiments further reveal that sucrase activity is insensitive to dexamethasone in all types of recombinants whereas, alkaline phosphatase is highly stimulated over the levels present in the intestine developed in situ whatever the stromal support, except when this support is provided by rat gut mesenchyme. These results support the view that in the intestine the hormonal response is mediated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
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PMID:Enzymatic response to glucocorticoids of the chick intestinal endoderm associated with various mesenchymal cell types. 293 17

This investigation was undertaken to study the effects of hormones, sugars and amniotic fluid on the maturation of brush border enzymes in the human fetal intestine, at early stages of gestation. Intestinal explants from 8-13-weeks fetuses were maintained in organ culture for 3 days in the presence of the agents to be tested. The data show that the explanation of human fetal gut in a serum free culture medium elicits a significant maturation (2-4-fold increase above preculture levels) of lactase and aminopeptidase whatever the gestational stage studied and of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase at specific stages of development. To be expressed, the overall maturation needs the presence of sugar (in particular glucose) in the culture medium. The addition of dexamethasone, insulin or amniotic fluid to the medium did not further enhance brush border enzyme activities except for lactase whose levels were doubled by the dexamethasone. The present data suggest that in addition to the differences which exist among mammalian species in the timing of enzyme development, there may be a species specificity in the factors involved in fetal enzymatic maturation.
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PMID:Maturation of brush border hydrolases in human fetal intestine maintained in organ culture. 308 14

Morphologic and functional adaptations of the functioning intestine were evaluated in 41 patients before and after biliopancreatic bypass for morbid obesity. This surgical procedure diverts pancreatobiliary secretions via the duodenum and the jejunum into the colon, the remaining small intestine being anastomosed to the stomach after antrectomy. In the proximal ileum there was an 80% increase of the height of villi; the specific activities of maltase, sucrase, and aminopeptidase in brush border membranes remained unaffected, and that of lactase tended to decrease. In the distal ileum villi heights increased only by 58%, and disaccharidase activities (except for maltase) were slightly enhanced. In the colon the mucosa displayed, in some patients, focal appearance of true villi, and brush border enzyme activities increased concomitantly. We conclude that biliopancreatic bypass induces an adaptation of all intestinal segments of the functioning intestine; this adaptation tends to compensate for the shortening of the gut continuity.
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PMID:Small-intestinal and colonic changes after biliopancreatic bypass for morbid obesity. 310 Nov 67


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