Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In three profiles of a semi-gley soil under the floodplain forest, variations were studied in the activities of invertase, amylase, cellobiase, cellulase, proteases, and phosphatases. In the surface soil layer, enzymatic activity was found affected by the soil moisture at a significant level, whereas in the deeper soil layers the influence of aeration was more effective. Moreover, significant correlations could be detected between the amount of available nitrogen and protease activity, while the water-soluble phosphorus acted as a represeive agent on the activity of phosphatases. Existence of correlations between the numbers of microbes and enzymes could be demonstrated for invertase and protases only.
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PMID:Enzymatic activity in a semi-gley soil under the floodplain forest in South Moravia. 20 42

Yeast external invertase (EC 3.2.1.25), a glycoenzyme consisting of equal parts by weight of protein and mannan, has been found to contain covalently bound phosphate. Three preparations (from two yeast strains) had mannose/PO4 ratios of 31-35, equivalent to 24-27 PO4 residues per mol of enzyme, while a fourth had only 7 PO4 residues per mol. From one of the high-PO4 enzymes, approx. 69% of the phosphorus was recovered as mannose 6-phosphate. No correlation was found between invertase activity and phosphorus content. The PO4 contents of the invertases exceeded those of the cell wall mannans from the respective yeasts. Thus, contamination of the invertases by cell wall phosphomannan is unlikely. Electrofocusing of the low-PO4 invertase yielded four components with pI values from 3.96 to 4.40, and yeast internal invertase (a mannan- and PO4-free, cytoplasmic isozyme) was isoelectric at approx. pH 4.5. The high-PO4 invertase was considerably more heterogeneous, with two major species of pI 3.65 and 3.32 and a highly acidic component of pI smaller than 2.7; however, the mannose/PO4 ratio of each species was approximately the same. PO4-gradient elution from hydroxyapatite resolved the high-PO4 invertase into five isozymes of increasing acidity and mannan content. Since the mannose/PO4 ratios of these invertase species are constant, the increase in the mannan/protein (and, therefore PO4/protein ratio is apparently responsible for the microheterogeneity of phosphoinvertase.23
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PMID:Microheterogeneity in yeast invertase. 109 60

Thirty 250-g male rats underwent 75% small intestinal resection and received s.c. injections of water [short gut (SG)-control], human growth hormone (hGH) at 0.1 mg/kg/dose [SG-low-dose (LD) GH], or hGH at 1.0 mg/kg/dose [SG-high-dose (HD) GH] every other day for 28 days. Ten additional rats underwent sham operation and received water injections (sham control). After 28 days, SG-control and SG-LDGH rats weighed significantly less than the sham control group; the mean weight of the SG-HDGH group was not different from other groups. Weight per centimeter of the distal ileum was greater in all SG groups compared to the sham control group, and was greater in the SG-HDGH than in the SG-control group. Mean mucosal height of the distal ileum was greater in both SG groups receiving GH than in sham controls. No differences in ileal mucosal DNA content or ileal insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) content were identified between groups. Mucosal sucrase activity was not increased in hGH-treated rats. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were higher in SG-HDGH rats than in SG-control animals. HDGH increased body weight, distal ileal weight/cm, and mucosal height in rats undergoing 75% small bowel resection. A trend toward normalization of serum calcium, phosphorus, and plasma IGF-1 concentrations was also observed. Further longer-term studies are indicated to learn if GH has a beneficial effect upon gut growth and function in the SG syndrome.
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PMID:Effects of short-term growth hormone therapy in rats undergoing 75% small intestinal resection. 157 9

Lactase, maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the intestinal mucosa from 3 locations in the small intestine and 4 locations in the large intestine 1 year after extensive large-colon resection (group 1; n = 5) and 1 year after sham operation (group 2; n = 3) in horses. Lactase, maltase, and sucrase activities were similar (P greater than 0.05) between group-1 and group-2 horses in all locations measured in the intestinal tract. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the remaining large colon of group-1 horses was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than the activity in the large colon of group-2 horses. Decreased apparent digestion of phosphorus and a negative phosphorus balance are persistent features of large-colon resection in horses. Increases in alkaline phosphatase activity in the remaining colon of horses with extensive large-colon resection may be a specific functional adaptive mechanism that attempts to counteract the derangements in phosphorus metabolism.
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PMID:Alteration of intestinal enzyme activities associated with extensive large-colon resection in horses. 211 42

Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been shown to lead to reduced body weights in developing rat pups. To evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency alone both in dams and pups during the perinatal age on the ontogeny of gastrointestinal enzymes, female weanling rats (3 weeks of age) were divided into three groups. Groups I and II were fed a control (vitamin-D-replete) diet. Group II were fed a vitamin-D-deficient diet. Six weeks afterward they were mated with normal male rats while continuing on their respective diets until sacrifice. Only rats that delivered their pups on the same day from each group were brought into the study. Litter sizes of groups I and II were adjusted to 10, while group III was adjusted to 13 such that the rate of growth paralleled that of group II. At 19 days after birth, all dams and pups were sacrificed. There were no differences in the calcium and phosphorus contents in breast milk obtained from dams of each group. The serum calcium concentration of pups from group II (vitamin-D-deficient) was lower than the other groups. Body weights of pups from groups II and III were significantly lower than those of group I. The mucosal weight, total mucosal protein, mucosal DNA, sucrase, and maltase activities from groups II and III were similar, but lower than group I. Pancreatic weight, total pancreatic protein, DNA, amylase, and lipase activities from groups II and III were also similar, but lower than group I. Vitamin D deficiency was confirmed in both dams and pups from group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vitamin D deficiency, pancreatic and small intestinal enzyme development in rats. 320 79

1. A study was made of the composition and structure of walls isolated from yeast grown in continuous culture at different rates, under three conditions of glucose limitation in which the concentrations of glucose and ammonium sulphate in the medium and the oxygen-transfer rate in the culture were varied, and one condition of NH(4) (+) limitation. 2. The contents of total glucan and total mannan in the walls were relatively little affected by the growth rate under any of the four sets of conditions. The phosphorus and protein contents of walls from yeast grown under each of the four conditions increased as the growth rate was decreased. Walls from yeast grown under NH(4) (+) limitation contained only half as much protein as walls from cells grown under glucose limitation. The proportion of lipid was greatest in walls from yeast grown under NH(4) (+) limitation. 3. A procedure was devised for fractionating isolated walls, based on the ease with which the glucan and mannan were extracted with water and with hot and cold 6% (w/v) potassium hydroxide solution. The percentage of glucan, mannan, protein and phosphorus in each of the fractions was affected by the rate of growth and by the nature of the substrate limitation. 4. The beta-fructofuranosidase activities of yeast grown under glucose limitation increased as the growth rate was lowered, but decreased at very low growth rates. The effects at low growth rates were probably due to repression of enzyme synthesis by residual glucose in the culture filtrate. The beta-fructofuranosidase activities of yeast grown under NH(4) (+) limitation were much lower than those from yeast grown under any of the conditions of glucose limitation. 5. Yeast cells grown at any of the rates under NH(4) (+) limitation were longer and thinner than those grown at the same rate under any of the conditions of glucose limitation. Mean cell volumes were dependent on growth rate but not on the nature of the substrate limitation. 6. Electron micrographs of thin sections of isolated walls showed that cells grown under NH(4) (+) limitation had a more porous structure than those from cells grown under any of the conditions of glucose limitation.
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PMID:Effect of growth rate and substrate limitation on the composition and structure of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 605 21

The effect of unavailable carbohydrates on the intestinal absorption of calcium was studied in rats raised for 7 or 8 weeks on diets containing 10 or 20% of cellulose, glucomannan, or pullulan. The following results were obtained a) Body weight gain was diminished more severely in glucomannan groups than in cellulose groups. b) Serum calcium levels were slightly lower in all groups fed unavailable carbohydrates, whereas serum inorganic phosphorus levels were similar to that of the control group. c) There was a significant reduction of bone ash from rats fed glucommanan or cellulose with 620 glycoside bonds. d) Calcium transport measured in the everted duodenal sac remarkable decreased in the glucomannan 20% group, but slightly increased in the cellulose groups. e) Calcium binding activity was lowered significantly in all groups fed unavailable carbohydrates. f) Alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activities in the duodenum were also markedly decreased by prolonged intake of unavailable carbohydrates. These results indicate that inhibitory effect of unavailable carbohydrates on intestinal calcium absorption is partially due to the loss of calcium binding protein caused by gastrointestinal transit of large amounts of undigested substances.
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PMID:Mechanism of inhibitory effect of unavailable carbohydrate on intestinal calcium absorption. 627 11

Deficiency of vitamin D, responsible for impaired absorption of calcium in rat small intestine, did not affect the activity of saccharase (marker enzyme of microvilli) in homogenate of intestinal epithelium and in an isolated fraction of microvilli. Content of lipid phosphorus per mg of protein in the microvilli of rats, deficient in vitamin D, was decreased by 30% as compared with the control animals. Deficiency of vitamin D was accompanied by alterations in ultrastructure of 10-15% of enterocytes from small intestine. These alterations consisted in more widely spaced arrangement of microvilli, their fragmentation into separate vesicles with liberation of apical cellular surface, swelling of mitochondria with reduction of their crysts, enlargement of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns. The layer of glycocalix on the microvilli was decreased or completely disappeared in most enterocytes. The impairments found in submicroscopic organization of enterocytes might constitute the morphologic basis for the disturbed calcium absorption in the intestine under conditions of vitamin D deficiency.
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PMID:[Duodenal enterocyte ultrastructure of rats fed different amounts of vitamin D]. 745 15

The effect of supplementing a cornsoybean diet (C) with glucose (G) or maltose (M) on young broilers (from hatch to 3 wk of age) affected by stunting syndrome (SS) was studied. Stunting syndrome was induced by orally administering an inoculum prepared from the intestines of SS broiler chicks. Relative to the M diet, the G diet improved growth and feed utilization and increased feed intake in naive (NA) control chickens. The C diet was intermediate in this respect. In contrast to the NA chickens, diet did not affect growth or feed utilization in SS chicks. Changes in the relative weights of the gastrointestinal tract segments were evident by 1 wk of age and hypertrophy of these segments persevered to 3 wk of age. Stunting syndrome infection was accompanied by a significant increase in pancreatic trypsin-specific activity during Weeks 1 and 2, and in chymotrypsin activity at 1 wk. During this time, amylase-specific activity was not affected. At 3 wk of age, the specific activities of amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in the pancreas were lower in the inoculated vs control birds. Whereas no significant effect of SS was observed with activities of amylase in the intestinal contents, trypsin activity was higher in SS chicks at 1 wk, and that of chymotrypsin lower during Weeks 2 and 3. Relative to NA chicks, the maltase and saccharase activities of SS chicks were much lower during Week 1, but increased later on and were similar to NA chick values at 2 and 3 wk. Whereas the level of blood plasma proteins did not vary from 1 to 3 wk in the NA chicks, it increased gradually in SS chicks to a level that significantly exceeded that in their NA counterparts. Blood plasma glucose and triglyceride levels were slightly lower in the SS chicks (NS), and the blood plasma cholesterol level was significantly reduced during Week 2. Relative to NA chicks, SS infection caused a significant increase in plasma calcium during Weeks 2 and 3, accompanied by a significant reduction in blood plasma phosphorus at 2 wk only. No difference was observed in the blood plasma level of uric acid, which peaked in both treatments during Week 2, or in D-beta-hydroxybutyric acid level, which was quite stable during the experimental period. Stunting syndrome infection was accompanied by a dramatic increase in amylase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the blood plasma, and by a slight but significant decrease in activity of lactic dehydrogenase. Stunting syndrome was concluded to be an affliction not only of digestion but also of metabolism. The main depression in growth caused by SS inoculation is probably due to metabolic alterations beyond those of digestion and absorption.
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PMID:Stunting syndrome in broilers: effect of glucose or maltose supplementation on digestive organs, intestinal disaccharidases, and some blood metabolites. 905 21

Soil amended with different proportions of flyash, a solid waste generated from coal-fired thermal power plants, was evaluated as a soil conditioner and nutrient supplement during a field study on the growth of rice, Oryza sativa. Generally, pH and organic carbon (OC) content did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) in flyash amended soil, but significant increases (P < 0.05) in soil conductivity (32%), available phosphorus (48%) and organic matter (OM, 29%) were observed during harvest at the 20 t ha-1 flyash application rate. Amylase, invertase, dehydrogenase and protease activities, and CO2 evolution increased in flyash amended soil over the control. The pigment (chl-a, chl-b, and carotenoid) content in rice plants did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) between different flyash amendments. Total plants biomass and aboveground biomass increased (P < 0.05) significantly (17% and 25%, respectively) at the 20 t ha-1 flyash application. However, there was a retarded growth of underground biomass. Grain and straw yield increased by 21% and 18%, respectively, at 17.5 t ha-1 flyash amendment when compared to the control. Although, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in plant biomass and grain yield in flyash amended soil is encouraging from the point of waste disposal and management, elucidation of reasons for retarded growth in underground biomass will require additional research based on long-term studies.
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PMID:Soil biochemical activity and growth response of rice Oryza sativa in flyash amended soil. 1119 70


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