Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Callus cultures derived from pith tissue of Nicotiana tabacum were grown on two media either under continuous illumination or in complete darkness. The first medium limited greening ability of callus grown in the light (3 milligrams per liter naphthalene acetic acid, 0.3 milligram per liter 2-isopentenylaminopurine, Murashige and Skoog salts, and 2% sucrose). The second medium encouraged chlorophyll synthesis (greening) though not shoot formation (0.3 milligram per liter naphthalene acetic acid; 0.3 milligrans per liter 2-isopentylaminopurine). To measure intracellular concentrations, calli were grown for 15 days on these standard media containing [U-(14)C]sucrose. The dry weight proportions of the calli (as a fraction of fresh weight) and many metabolite concentrations nearly doubled in light-grown cells compared to dark-grown cells and increased 30 to 40% on low-auxin media relative to high-auxin media. Glutamine concentrations (from 4 to 26 millimolar) were very high, probably due to the NH(3) content of the media. Proline concentrations were 20-fold higher in calli grown on low-auxin media in the light (green cells), possibly a stress response to high osmotic potentials in these cells. To analyze sucrose metabolism, callus cells were allowed to take up 0.2% (weight per volume) [U-(14)C]sucrose for up to 90 minutes. In callus tissues and in pith sections from stems of tobacco plants, sucrose was primarily metabolized through invertase activity, producing equal amounts of labeled glucose and fructose. Respiration of (14)CO(2) followed the labeling patterns of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Photorespiration activity was low.
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PMID:Intracellular concentrations and metabolism of carbon compounds in tobacco callus cultures: effects of light and auxin. 1666 13

Selaginella bryopteris is a lycophyte resurrection plant, which incurves during desiccation and recovers on availability of moisture. The aim of the study was to test and understand the various physiological and biochemical changes the fronds undergo during desiccation and rehydration, to get an insight as to how this plant adapts and survives through the dry phase. Upon desiccation, S. bryopteris fronds showed drastic inhibition in net photosynthesis (A) and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (F(v)/F(m)) however, chlorophyll content did not show much variation. Dark respiration (R(d)) continued even at 10% relative water content (RWC), and showed a burst after rehydration, which is proposed to be crucial to establish protection mechanisms. Desiccation caused an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased lipid peroxidation. Proline accumulation increased substantially by 11-fold. Sucrose and starch contents decreased upon desiccation as compared to control. The antioxidative enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) along with soluble acid invertase increased during desiccation. S. bryopteris shows mechanical as well as physiological mechanisms for tolerance to extreme levels of desiccation stress. The rapid and almost complete recovery of F(v)/F(m) after rehydration clearly indicates the absence of marked photoinhibitory or thermal injury to PSII during desiccation. This along with the homoiochlorophyllous characteristics enables S. bryopteris to recover its A. The antioxidant metabolism further plays an important role in the desiccation tolerance of S. bryopteris.
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PMID:Desiccation-induced physiological and biochemical changes in resurrection plant, Selaginella bryopteris. 2060 52

The cis and trans isomers of 4-hydroxy-L-proline stimulated the extension growth of excised 2-4 mm pea root segments during culture. Increase in the uptake and subsequent incorporation of [(14)c]leucine into proteins was inhibited by both L-isomers, and so also were changes in chloride uptake capacity and in protein metabolism measured in terms of invertase and peroxidase activities. Changes in [(14)C]proline uptake and incorporation, and in respiration, were unaffected. Proline had no effect on changes in extension growth or protein metabolism but did prevent the effects of both hydroxyproline isomers. Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid inhibited extension growth and all the aspects of protein metabolism studied, the effects again being all prevented by proline. It is suggested that hydroxyproline enhances growth by interfering with protein synthesis in the cell walls.
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PMID:Effects of hydroxyproline on the growth of excised root segments of Pisum sativum under aseptic conditions. 2446 33