Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Short-term maintenance of fetal rat colonic tissue in vitro has been demonstrated using a collagen matrix organ culture system. The introduction of single (v-myc, v-rasH, v-src) oncogenes or combinations of oncogenes (v-myc/rasH, v-myc/src) into normal colon mucosal elements was established using retroviral vectors, resulting in enhanced proliferation and migration of epithelial cells from the lumen of tissue implants. Expression of a single oncogene in normal colon epithelium did not result in the establishment of cell lines. In contrast, expression of cooperating oncogenic elements resulted in cell lines in greater than 80% of experiments, revealing different morphological characteristics dependent upon the oncogene combination used. Confirmation of the expression of viral transcripts was determined using Northern blot analysis and viral oncoprotein expression using Western blot analysis (p21) and an immunoprecipitation kinase assay (src). Expression of keratin filaments was lost following passaging of cell lines but could be induced by the myc/ras transformants by growth on Rat-1 feeder layers. This induction phenomenon was not observed with myc/src lines, and although these expressed high levels of sucrase isomaltase the epithelial origin of these cells is unclear. Karyotypic analysis performed on three myc/ras-transformed cell lines revealed a normal chromosome complement associated with transformation. In this report we describe a novel in vitro transformation system for normal rat colonic epithelium mediated by the introduction of oncogene elements using different retroviral vector constructs. The potential to generate cell lines representing different stages of neoplastic progression using relevant genetic components presents significant advantages for the study of cellular and molecular interactions underlying colon neoplastic progression.
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PMID:Oncogene-mediated transformation of fetal rat colon in vitro. 137 76

Caco-2 cells, which express spontaneous enterocytic differentiation at confluency, is one of the most relevant in vitro models for the study of differentiation and regulation of intestinal functions. However, these cells are normally cultured in the presence of 15-20% serum which renders extremely complex the identification of the factors involved in the regulation of both proliferation and differentiation. This study has been devoted to the establishment of chemically defined culture conditions which can sustain growth and differentiation of Caco-2 cells. The replacement of serum by ITS (insulin, transferrin, and selenium) allowed for normal structural and functional differentiation of cells as revealed by the establishment of cell polarity and the expression of brush-border membrane enzyme markers (sucrase, maltase, lactase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aminopeptidase N, and dipeptidyl-dipeptidase IV), although the levels of sucrase activity were lower in ITS-supplemented medium. Coating petridishes with either type IV collagen or basement membrane proteins (Matrigel) did not improve the differentiation of cells, brush-border membrane enzyme activities being, in fact, lower when the cells were grown on these substrata. When triiodothyronine (T3, 5 x 10(-8) M) was added to the ITS-supplemented medium, disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly increased while gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was diminished by T3 and stimulated by epidermal growth factor (1.6 x 10(-6) M). On the other hand, hydrocortisone (HC, 10(-6) M) did not modify disaccharidase and peptidase activities. These data clearly show that Caco-2 cells can be maintained in serum-free medium and that this system allows the study of the factors involved in the regulation of the differentiation of enterocyte in vitro.
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PMID:Caco-2 cells cultured in serum-free medium as a model for the study of enterocytic differentiation in vitro. 193 45

Eight new loci have been assigned to sheep Chromosome (Chr) 1q by use of a chromosomally characterized minipanel of sheep x hamster cell hybrids. Four loci, which have been mapped to the distal region of human Chr 3q, are ceruloplasmin (CP), sucrase isomaltase (SI), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), and ectopic viral integration site 1 (EVI1). The other four loci, on human Chr 21, include interferon alpha receptor (IFNAR); interferon inducible protein p78, murine (MX1); collagen type VI, alpha 1 (COL6A1); and S100 protein, beta polypeptide (S100B). All of these loci, except GLUT2 and MX1, have been mapped onto bovine Chr 1 or are syntenic with loci on this chromosome. The in situ localization of transferrin (TF) to sheep Chr 1q42-q45 confirms our previous assignment of this locus and independently anchors the eight new syntenic loci to sheep Chr 1q.
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PMID:Four human chromosome 3q and four human chromosome 21 loci map onto sheep chromosome 1q. 774 29

The objective of the present study was to examine whether cinnamic acid exerts antitumor activity against colon cancer cells in vitro. For this purpose we investigated the effect of cinnamic acid on cell proliferation and on the differentiation markers alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and aminopeptidase N in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Cinnamic acid (2.5-8.0 mM) prolonged the doubling time and inhibited the DNA synthesis of growing cells. The antiproliferative effect occurred rapidly after 2 h of treatment with 8.0 mM cinnamic acid and reached nearly maximal values after 8 h of treatment. Sucrase and aminopeptidase N activities were stimulated under cinnamic acid treatment (4.0-8.0 mM), while alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited in postconfluent cells (8.0 mM). Similar effects on enzyme activities were seen in non-proliferating cells. Cinnamic acid did not alter the adhesion to collagen matrix or cell viability. Intracellular cAMP levels were decreased significantly after 1 h of treatment with 8.0 mM cinnamic acid, suggesting that cinnamic acid induces its effects on enzyme activities partly by modulating the cAMP signaling pathway.
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PMID:Cinnamic acid inhibits proliferation and modulates brush border membrane enzyme activities in Caco-2 cells. 968 74

The homeobox transcription factor Cdx2 specifies intestinal development and homeostasis and is considered a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, Cdx2 mutations are rarely found. Invasion of colorectal cancer is characterized by a transient loss of differentiation and nuclear accumulation of the oncoprotein beta-catenin in budding tumor cells. Strikingly, this is reversed in growing metastases, indicating that tumor progression is a dynamic process that is not only driven by genetic alterations but also regulated by the tumor environment. Here we describe a transient loss of Cdx2 in budding tumor cells at the tumor host interface, and reexpression of Cdx2 in metastases. Cell culture experiments show that collagen type I, through beta(1) integrin signaling, triggers a transient transcriptional down-regulation of Cdx2 and its intestine-specific target gene sucrase isomaltase, associated with a loss of differentiation. These data indicate an active role for the tumor environment in malignant tumor progression.
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PMID:Down-regulation of the homeodomain factor Cdx2 in colorectal cancer by collagen type I: an active role for the tumor environment in malignant tumor progression. 1546 89

The oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii interacts with salivary amylase via two amylase-binding proteins, AbpA and AbpB. Based on sequence analysis, the 20-kDa AbpA protein is unique to S. gordonii, whereas the 82-kDa AbpB protein appears to share sequence homology with other bacterial dipeptidases. The aim of this study was to verify the peptidase activity of AbpB and further explore its potential functions. The abpB gene was cloned, and histidine-tagged AbpB (His-AbpB) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Its amylase-binding activity was verified in an amylase ligand binding assay, and its cross-reactivity was verified with an anti-AbpB antibody. Both recombinant His-AbpB and partially purified native AbpB displayed dipeptidase activity and degraded human type VI collagen and fibrinogen, but not salivary amylase. Salivary amylase precipitates not only AbpA and AbpB but also glucosyltransferase G (Gtf-G) from S. gordonii supernatants. Since Streptococcus mutans also releases Gtf enzymes that could also be involved in multispecies plaque interactions, the effect of S. gordonii AbpB on S. mutans Gtf-B activity was also tested. Salivary amylase and/or His-AbpB caused a 1.4- to 2-fold increase of S. mutans Gtf-B sucrase activity and a 3- to 6-fold increase in transferase activity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay verified the interaction of His-AbpB and amylase with Gtf-B. In summary, AbpB demonstrates proteolytic activity and interacts with and modulates Gtf activity. These activities may help explain the crucial role AbpB appears to play in S. gordonii oral colonization.
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PMID:Amylase-binding protein B of Streptococcus gordonii is an extracellular dipeptidyl-peptidase. 1867 69