Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intravenous administration of 1 U cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) to rats caused the release of enteropeptidase, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and sucrase to the intestinal lumen in the absence of a concomitant increase in luminal DNA. Thus, the hormone elicited hydrolase secretion was not due to cell desquamation. Pentagastrin also stimulated hydrolase release. Following CCK-PZ administration enteropeptidase was released preferentially over sucrase and AP and showed a linear correlation with total protein output. The specific enteropeptidase activity was higher in the perfusate following secretion than in the mocosa. Enteropeptidase was found mainly in soluble form in both mucosa and perfusate; addition of bile following enteropeptidase release further increased its activity. In contrast, sucrase and AP were found mainly in insoluble form in both mucosa and perfusate and their specific activities were higher in the mucosa. The presence of bile rendered both sucrase and AP more soluble in the perfusate. The data indicate that enteropeptidase is released by a specific secretory process and that its subcellular site of origin is different from that of sucrase and AP. By eliciting the coordinated release of trypsinogen, enteropeptidase and bile, CCK-PZ plays a central role in the initiation of protein digestion.
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PMID:Studies on intestinal enzyme secretion; the action of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, pentagastrin and bile. 68 84

When rats are hypophysectomized in neonatal life, the growth of the small intestine is more severely retarded than the growth of the body as a whole. It was shown previously that intestinal growth is not rectified by doses of cortisone and/or throxine that restore normal activity of brush border enzymes in hypophysectomized sucklings; growth hormone did not affect relative weight or enzyme activity. Reexamination of this problem with much lower doses of hormones than previously employed has now shown that relative weight of the intestine is enhanced by cortisone and thyroxine together, and is normalized by cortisone and thyroxine in combination with rat growth hormone. Growth induced by treatment with the three hormones involved increases of crypt depth and villus height, and of mitotic index. Body weight was not affected by hormonal treatment, but the tails of the hypophysectomized sucklings were significantly lengthened by thyroxine alone, the effect being enhanced when growth hormone was also given. The physiological dose of hormones used in the present study were as effective in elevating activity of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase as the larger doses previously used. Cortisone had a greater effect on sucrase, thyroxine on phosphatase. Pentagastrin did not influence either growth or enzyme activity.
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PMID:Hormonal influences on the growth and enzymic differentiation of the small intestine of the hypophysectomized rat. 75 Mar 12

The effect of pentagastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin on biochemical parameters of mucosal growth and differentiation was studied in organ cultured rabbit jejunum and ileum. Pentagastrin at 0.05-5.0 microgram/ml did not affect DNA content of the biopsy, but led to a significant decrease of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the ileum. Secretin prompted a significant decrease of DNA and protein in the ileum at a level of 10(-7) and 10(-5) M, but had no effect in the jejunum. Of the brush border enzymes, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were suppressed in both parts of the intestine both with respect to specific activity and total biopsy content. Cholecystokinin, like pentagastrin, did not influence DNA or protein content, but reduced sucrase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase activity. HMG-CoA reductase, the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, was not significantly affected by any of the three hormones tested. When brush border enzymes or DNA from desquamated cells were measured in the post-culture medium, no consistent effect of any gastrointestinal hormone was apparent. The present study demonstrates a direct "antitrophic" effect of secretin in cultured mucosa. Pentagastrin and cholecystokinin did not influence mucosal DNA content in vitro but apparently inhibited villus cell differentiation.
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PMID:Effect of pentagastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin on growth and differentiation in organ cultured rabbit small intestine. 372 4

Effect of bilateral adrenalectomy and subsequent injections of hydrocortisone and pentagastrin on the activity of different intestinal digestive enzymes were measured in 20-day-old rats. Eleven days after adrenalectomy the activity of lactase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase, but not maltase, was significantly decreased when compared with sham-operated rats. In adrenalectomized rats, repeated injections of hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the activity of lactase, sucrase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase by 15%, 49%, 32% and 121%, respectively, over the corresponding adrenalectomized control. Pentagastrin (500 microgram/kg) injections to adrenalectomized rats produced significant 41% and 58% increments in lactase and alkaline phosphatase activities, compared with the adrenalectomized control. Sucrase activity was unaffected by pentagastrin, but maltase showed a non-significant 34% higher activity than in the adrenalectomized control. Adrenalectomy by itself lowered the Km and Vmax of alkaline phosphatase by 33% and 66%, respectively, which were increased to 95% and 70% of the corresponding sham-operated level by either hydrocortisone or pentagastrin treatment. When intestinal homogenates from salinetreated adrenalectomized rats were mixed in equal proportion with homogenates from sham-operated or hydrocortisone- or pentagastrin-treated animals, Km values for alkaline phosphatase were found to be similar to those observed for sham-operated or hormone-treated groups alone. However, in the same mixed preparations Vmax values were found to be additive.
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PMID:Effects of hydrocortisone and pentagastrin on the activity of intestinal disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase in weanling rats. 679 41

Chronic experiments in dogs with isolated loop of the small intestine and acute experiments in rats revealed specific interrelationships between the gastrin and the cholinergic activity: pentagastrin potentiated its effects by activation of cholinergic processes in the intestinal mucosa (increasing the acetylcholin content and the cholinesterase activity). The hormone activates the intestinal juice and enzyme secretion as well. The invertase and alkaline phosphatase activities intensify in the dense portion of the juice and in the tissue homogenate. Pentagastrin seems to exert a regulating effect upon the ecbolic processes in the ileum mucosa.
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PMID:[Cholinergic and hormonal correlations in the regulation of the secretory function of the small intestine]. 687 93