Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Administration of hydrocortisone increased the sucrase and amylolytic activities in the brush border of the enterocytes along the intestinal villus and decreased the maltase activity in fed chicken. Hydrocortisone does not affect the level of maltase activity in food-deprived chicks.
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PMID:[The effect of hydrocortisone on carbohydrase activity along the intestinal villus in chicks]. 133 10

1. One litter of 12 pigs was used to evaluate the effects of hydrocortisone acetate injection on organ weight and carbohydrase activities. 2. Pigs were injected with hydrocortisone acetate or an equal volume of saline at 7 days of age and killed at 14 days, and tissues were collected, weighted, and analyzed for carbohydrase activities. 3. Hydrocortisone had no effect (P greater than 0.40) on daily gain, liver weight, spleen weight, or small intestinal length. 4. Hydrocortisone increased pancreatic weight by 29% and total pancreatic alpha-amylase content by 38%. 5. Hydrocortisone increased duodenal mucosal weight by 23%, duodenal lactase activity by 44%, duodenal maltase activity by 163%, and duodenal sucrase activity by 214%.
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PMID:Influence of hydrocortisone acetate on pancreas and mucosal weight, amylase and disaccharidase activities in 14-day-old pigs. 170 74

Two experiments were conducted that demonstrated that a single injection of hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HYD, 25 mg/kg BW) administered to 6-d-old nursing piglets resulted in a twofold elevation (P less than .02) of pancreatic amylase within 2 d; activity was unaffected by an injection of 15 IU adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/kg BW (P greater than .20). Intestinal sucrase and maltase activity tended to be elevated (P less than .20) 2 and 4 d postinjection with HYD but returned to normal (uninjected) levels by 14 d of age. The normal decline of intestinal lactase activity was delayed by at least 4 d in response to both hormones (P less than .10). Organ weights were not affected by either hormone. In a separate experiment, postweaning mortality was reduced (12 vs 27%) and growth rate was substantially improved by administration of HYD to piglets 4 and 2 d prior to weaning at 14 d of age. Hydrocortisone resulted in a faster rate of gain the 1st wk postweaning for pigs weaned at 21 or 28 d. Subsequent gain by control and HYD piglets weaned on d 21 was similar, but HYD subsequently impaired growth rate of piglets weaned at 28 d of age. Growth rates of control and ACTH piglets were similar at each postweaning period regardless of weaning age (weaning age [lin.] x week postweaning [quad.] x treatment, P less than .07). This differential treatment response of daily gain may be due in part to effects on feed intake (weaning age [lin.] x week postweaning [lin.] x treatment, P less than .10). We conclude that a single injection of HYD to 6-d-old piglets precociously induces pancreatic amylase and that the sensitivity of piglets to HYD is age-dependent.
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PMID:Temporal changes in carbohydrate digestive capacity and growth rate of piglets in response to glucocorticoid administration and weaning age. 255 57

The effect of chronic administration of hydrocortisone during pregnancy on growth and maturation of the foetal gut and pancreas was investigated. Groups of 10- to 11-day pregnant rats were injected with saline or hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) once a day for 10 days. The pancreas, antrum, and small intestine of newborns (8-10 h after birth) were analysed for various determinants of growth and maturation. The small-intestinal weight and DNA, RNA, and protein were significantly higher in newborns from hydrocortisone-treated animals than those of saline-treated controls. Hydrocortisone treatment resulted in an induction of sucrase and significantly stimulated total lactase activity. After the steroid treatment during pregnancy, the weight of the pancreas and its DNA content in newborns were also significantly elevated when compared with those from saline-treated controls. However, neither pancreatic RNA nor protein content differed significantly between the groups. Antral gastrin content in newborns from hydrocortisone-treated mothers was significantly higher than that from saline-treated controls. Pancreatic gastrin content in newborns was slightly but not significantly reduced after the steroid administration to mothers. It is concluded that glucocorticoids induce growth and maturation of foetal gut and pancreas.
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PMID:Influence of glucocorticoids on prenatal development of the gut and pancreas in rats. 258 7

Hydrocortisone administration to infant rats enhanced cellobiase and maltase activities and induced precocious expression of sucrase and trehalase activities along the length of the small intestine. These activity changes reflected proportional concentration increases in the enzymes lactase (EC 3.2.1.23), maltase/glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.20) and sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48/10). Administration of an equivalent tracer dose of [3H]leucine (by body weight) to control and hydrocortisone-treated infant rats resulted in greater accumulation of label in the carbohydrase pools of the treated rats, suggesting their increased de novo synthesis. The increased concentrations of lactase and maltase/glucoamylase induced by exogenous hydrocortisone were matched by the presence of corresponding greater amounts of label in their brush border pools. Accumulation of label in each of the lactase, maltase/glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase pools was generally similar in the hydrocortisone-treated rats, suggesting equivalent stimulation of their synthesis as a group by the humoral agent. The turnover rates of the carbohydrases as a group were found to be similar and did not appear to differ in control and hydrocortisone-treated rats. Total protein synthesis rates were slightly greater in the intestine of the hydrocortisone-treated group of rats.
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PMID:Effects of hydrocortisone on carbohydrase concentrations, de novo synthesis and turnover patterns in immature rat intestine. 308 73

The influence of hydrocortisone (10(-8)--10(-5) M) and thyroxine (10 (-9)--10(-6) M) on intestinal epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation have been studied using explants of suckling mouse jejunum maintained in serum-free organ culture. Hydrocortisone induced the appearance of sucrase activity and increased trehalase, glucoamylase, lactase and alkaline phosphatase activities. Thyroxine was completely ineffective at all the concentrations used. None of these hormones affected the mitotic activity or the 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. These results demonstrate that hydrocortisone but not thyroxine acts directly on intestinal brush border membrane differentiation and that both hormones do not influence the proliferation of the epithelial cells during postnatal development.
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PMID:Comparative study of the effect of hydrocortisone and thyroxine on suckling mouse small intestine in organ culture. 614 44

The s.c. administration of cortisol to hamsters (50 mg/kg body wt/day for 4 days) produces a significant increase in maltase sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and leucineaminopeptidase activity in intestinal mucosa. Lactase activity is unaffected by cortisol. Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity increases slightly in females but remains unchanged in males. Cortisol causes increase in proline and glycine absorption without changing the absorption of lysine.
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PMID:The effect of cortisol on stimulation of enzymatic activity and absorption of amino acids in the small intestine of adult hamsters. 615 Jul 87

The effect of hydrocortisone (75 mg/kg) on antral, duodenal and pancreatic gastrin concentrations and on intestinal lactase, sucrase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase activities was investigated in suckling rats. Antral and pancreatic gastrin levels in normal 4- to 22-day-old rats were also determined. Hydrocortisone was injected daily to 7- and 10-day-old rats for 6 days. At the end of the experimental period the animals were 12 and 15 days old. Control groups were injected with saline. Hydrocortisone administration caused a profound induction in sucrase activity and markedly stimulated maltase and alkaline phosphatase activities in both age groups. After hydrocortisone administration 12-day-old rats showed a slight (28%) but significant stimulation in lactase activity, whereas in 15-day-old rats the enzyme activity was significantly decreased by 23%, compared to the respective saline control. Gastrin concentration in the antrum increased steadily between 4 and 22 days of age, whereas in the pancreas it decreased sharply from a relatively high level in 4-day-old rats to an essentially undetectable level in 22-day-old rats. Following hydrocortisone administration gastrin concentration in the antrum of 12- and 15-day-old rats was found to be significantly increased by 104 and 47%, respectively, but in the pancreas it decreased by 44 and 57%, when compared with the corresponding saline control. Hydrocortisone caused no apparent change in duodenal gastrin concentration in 12-day-old rats but produced a nonsignificant 35% increment in 15-day-old animals. The observed changes after hydrocortisone treatment are thought to be the result of an early maturation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas by the steroid.
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PMID:Effect of hydrocortisone on gastrin cell function in various tissues of suckling rats. 641 68

The development of hydrolase activity in the intestinal brush border membrane is important for the maturation of digestive function in early life. The development and glucocorticoid control of intestinal enzymes were investigated in the mink (Mustela vison), a carnivorous species, in which the intestine matures relatively late in postnatal life. Mink kits (n = 110 from 20 litters) were either not treated or injected intramuscularly for 7 d with saline, adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH, 50 micrograms/(kg.d)] or cortisol 21-acetate [synthetic glucocorticoid, 50 mg/(kg.d)]. The kits were killed at 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 wk of age and the proximal, middle and distal intestine removed for analyses. Lactase activity was maximal at 4 wk and decreased to about 5% of this level during the following 2 wk. Cortisol treatment stimulated total lactase activity at 2 wk (170% that of controls, P < 0.05) and reduced this activity at 4 wk (20% that of controls, P < 0.001). Aminopeptidases N and A underwent their major developmental increases in activity at 4-6 wk and again, enzyme development was stimulated by cortisol. Other enzymes showed either a gradual increase (maltase), a slight decrease (dipeptidylpeptidase IV) or no consistent change (sucrase) in activity with advancing age from 2 to 10 wk, but the activities remained highest in cortisol-treated kits. Treatment with ACTH enhanced the activity of all enzymes at 2 wk but had little effect thereafter. Intestinal hydrolases develop later in the mink and are sensitive to glucocorticoid induction for a longer period in postnatal life than in species such as rats, pigs or humans. The mink is a useful model in studies of the regulatory mechanisms which influence the development of intestinal brush border hydrolases.
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PMID:Intestinal hydrolytic activity in young mink (Mustela vison) develops slowly postnatally and exhibits late sensitivity to glucocorticoids. 881 92

Injection of rats aged 3 to 9 days with hydrocortisone causes precocious development of invertase activity in the small intestine. The enzyme becomes fully active about 72 hours after injection of hydrocortisone. Invertase activity is also detectable when hydrocortisone is added to organ culture of intestine derived from 5-to 6-day old rats. Hydrocortisone does not appear to affect the activity of lactase, suggesting that it does not act solely by hastening the normal maturation process.
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PMID:INTESTINAL INVERTASE: PRECOCIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITY AFTER INJECTION OF HYDROCORTISONE. 1407 9


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