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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Differential centrifugation of rat small intestinal homogenates produced a crude brush border (BB) fraction that was enriched 15-fold for the marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase; contamination with mitochondrial enzymes, monoamine oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase, was minimal. ATP hydrolysis by this BB fraction was stimulated by addition of several anions to the incubation medium: HCO3 and Cl were equally effective in this regard, with NO3, NO2, SO4, and acetate being less stimulatory. SCN and CNO inhibited ATPase activity, whereas the divalent anion SO3 was stimulatory at low concentrations (less than 25 mM) but inhibitory at 100 mM. Maximum anion stimulation was observed at a Mg concentration of 0.5 mM, and pH optimum was 8.5. Kinetic analysis showed that HCO3 increased the Vmax without altering the Km for ATP; the Ka for this effect of HCO3 was 35 mM. This enzyme activity was completely inhibited by 20 mM L-phenylalanine, 10 mM L-cysteine, and 3 mM EDTA, compounds that also inhibited intestinal alkaline phosphatase. These results demonstrate the presence of anion-stimulated ATPase activity in rat small intestinal brush border and suggest that this activity may be related to intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The role of this enzyme in intestinal transport is not known, but could relate to the regulation of intestinal absorption and secretion.
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PMID:Anion-stimulated ATPase activity of brush border from rat small intestine. 15 3

In the genus Schizosaccharomyces intracellular osidases and nitrite and nitrate reductases are revealed; particularly all the species possessing invertase, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase. These characters underline the homogeneity on the genus. On the basis of osidases, nitrite and nitrate reductases results, 2 groups can be distinguished in this genus.
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PMID:[Study of intracellular enzymes in the genus Schizosaccharomyces. Sistematic implications]. 19 42

Fusarium oxysporum produced maximum extracellular inulinase after 9 days of its growth at 25 degrees C on a medium (pH 5.5) containing 3% fructan and 0.2% sodium nitrate. The level of this enzyme decreased on the addition of either glucose, fructose, galactose or sucrose to F. oxysporum already growing on a fructan-containing medium. A significant increase in invertase production which resulted in an increase of the invertase/inulinase (S/I) ratio, was observed on addition of inulin to this fungus growing on other carbon sources. Glycerol (10%) gave better protection to inulinase against thermal denaturation at 50 degrees C compared to ethylene glycol and sorbitol. Inulinase immobilised in polyacrylamide gel retained 45% of its original activity. The immobilised enzyme showed a higher optimum temperature (45 degrees C) compared to free enzyme (37 degrees C). The immobilised enzyme after storage at 25 degrees C for 96 h showed 58% activity. Thermal stability of entrapped inulinase increased in the presence of inulin.
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PMID:Production, thermal stability and immobilisation of inulinase from Fusarium oxysporum. 136 87

Putative "protein nitratases," which catalyze denitration of peroxynitrite (PN)-treated, proteins, were detected in the crude extract of dog prostate. Nitratase activity was monitored by the decreased intensity of nitrotyrosine immunoreactive-bands in Western blot and increased nitrate level in dialysate of incubation mixture, which contained prostate crude extract, protease inhibitors and a PN-treated substrate, such as treated histone (III-S), BSA, invertase, or polylysine. Nitratases were activated by preincubation with m-calpain/Ca2+. Furthermore, after denitration, the activity of PN/DTT-treated invertase decreased to the similar activity level of DTT-treated invertase. At least two different types of nitratases may occur: type I, reductant-dependent, and type II, reductant-independent.
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PMID:Denitration of peroxynitrite-treated proteins by "protein nitratases" from dog prostate. 1041 Feb 52

Higher plants as sessile organisms react very flexible to environmental changes and stresses and use metabolites like glucose, sucrose and nitrate not only as nutrients but also as signals as part of their life strategies. The role of metabolites as signal molecules has attracted considerable interest during recent years. Data reviewed here for developing plant seeds suggest a trigger function of especially sugars also in development in that metabolic regulatory control can override developmental regulation, i.e., the developmental programme only continues normally if a certain metabolic state is sensed at a given time point in a given cell or tissue. Several experimental strategies have provided mainly correlative evidence that certain sugar levels and/or the resulting changes in osmotic values are necessary within defined tissues or cells to maintain a distinct stage of differentiation or to proceed with the developmental programme. In young legume seeds, but certainly also in other tissues, a high hexose (probably mainly glucose) level seems to maintain the capacity of cells to divide whereas - later in seed development - a certain sucrose level is necessary to induce storage-associated cell differentiation. A major determinant of embryo hexose levels in young legume seeds is an apoplastic invertase preferentially expressed in the inner cell layers of the seed coat. The enzyme cleaves the incoming photoassimilate sucrose into glucose and fructose. During development the tissue harbouring the invertase is degraded in a very specific spatial and temporal pattern as part of the developmental programme and is thus creating steep glucose gradients within the cotyledons. These gradients can be measured at nearly cellular resolution and were found to be correlated positively with cell division rate and negatively with cell differentiation and storage activities. A hexose and a sucrose transporter accumulating only in the epidermal cell layer of the cotyledons seem to be essential in creating and maintaining these gradients. To gain further insights into the role of metabolites, especially sugars, as triggers of developmental processes we foremost have to identify receptor molecules already characterised in yeast, and to describe and understand the signal transduction networks involved.
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PMID:Sugars as signal molecules in plant seed development. 1049 45

Putative 'protein nitratases,' which catalyze denitration of peroxynitrite (PN)-treated proteins, were detected in the homogenate/crude extract of rat brains and hearts. Nitratase activity was monitored by the decreased intensity of nitrotyrosine immunoreactive-bands in Western blot and increased nitrate level in dialysate of incubation mixture, which contained homogenate/crude extract, protease inhibitors and a PN-treated substrate, such as treated histone (III-S), BSA or invertase. Enhanced activity of nitratases was noted by preincubating crude extract with Ca2+. In addition, at least two types of nitratases may occur: type I, reductant-dependent, and type II, reductant- independent. Furthermore, upon denitration, the activity of PN-treated invertase increased to the same activity level of the untreated invertase. The overall reaction catalyzed by nitratases for denitration of nitrotyrosine residues in protein could be as follows: Protein-Tyr-NO2 + H2O --> Protein-Tyr-H + H+ + NO3-. The nitration/denitration of protein-tyrosine may be crucial in regulating signal transduction.
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PMID:Denitration of peroxynitrite-treated proteins by 'protein nitratases' from rat brain and heart. 1063 Jun 17

The possibility of screening the mercury(II) content in real environmental samples based on inhibition of the activity of dissolved invertase has been examined. The extent of inhibition was measured with an amperometric glucose biosensor with glucose oxidase immobilized on a membrane. Data concerning the stability and reproducibility of measurements are provided. The effects of heavy metals on the inhibition of invertase, together with that of common anions such as chloride, nitrate and sulfate are reported. The determination of mercury using this procedure has been carried out in samples of natural and waste water samples of various origins already analyzed by ICP-AES, by spiking ppb levels of mercury(II). Differences in the inhibiting effect of the samples and in the recoveries were found and are discussed.
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PMID:Limitations in the analytical use of invertase inhibition for the screening of trace mercury content in environmental samples. 1522 7

As measured 7, 14, and 21 days after the application of 10(-2) M vanadyl sulfate solution to the foliage of 4.5-month-old sugar beet plants, significantly less growth of the leaves and an increase in the sucrose content of the storage root resulted. Accompanying these alterations were a higher rate of carbon dioxide fixation, a lower rate of respiration, and a decreased rate of nitrate reductase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, phosphatase, and invertase activity. The enzymes of sucrose synthesis, sucrose synthetase, sucrose phosphate synthetase and uridine diphosphate glucose-pyrophosphorylase were stimulated. The content of reducing sugar, nitrite N, amino acids and protein was less, and that of nitrate N was greater in the vanadium-treated plants. In the majority of cases the greatest magnitude of change occurred during the first 7 days following treatment. The changes in growth and chemical composition are believed to be closely related to the stimulation or inhibition of the various enzymes by vanadyl sulfate.
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PMID:Effect of Vanadium on Growth, Chemical Composition, and Metabolic Processes of Mature Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Plants. 1665 5

This paper studied the dynamics of microbial flora and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere of allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI) and non-allelopathic rice Lemont (LE) at the growth stage of 3 - 7 leaves. The results showed that in the rhizosphere of PI, the amounts of bacteria, actinomycetes and azotobacter were 11.2% - 28.3%, 40% - 78.6% and 111.5% - 173.9%, respectively, while that of fungi was lower, with the maximum being 25.5% of that in the rhizosphere of LE, suggesting that allelopathic rice PI promoted the growth of bacteria, actinomycetes and azotobacter, but inhibited that of fungi. Further analysis on the physiological groups of microbial flora showed that PI favored the growth of ammonifier, aerobic azotobacter, aerobic cellulose - decomposer, sulphate - reducer, nitrite - bacteria and nitrate - bacteria, among which, ammonifier and aerobic azotobacter increased by 53.7% and 57.6%, respectively, while inhibited the growth of desulphate bacteria and denitrifyier. Moreover, PI increased the activities of urease, phosphatase and sucrase, but decreased the catalase activity in its rhizosphere.
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PMID:[Effects of allelopathic rice on rhizosphere microbial flora and enzyme activity]. 1696 41

By the methods of field survey and incubation test, this paper studied the effects of degraded sandy grassland afforestation with Mongolian pine on the soil physical, chemical and biological properties in 0-10 cm layer on Keerqin sandy land. The results showed that after 32 years afforestation, soil organic C, total N and total P decreased by 21%, 42% and 45%, respectively. In May and November, soil NH4+ -N content was significantly higher under Mongolian pine plantation than under grassland (P = 0.001; P = 0.019), but in May, August and November, soil NO3- -N content was in adverse (P < 0.001; P = 0.048; P = 0.031). In May, August and November, soil C mineralization rate was higher under Mongolian pine plantation than under grassland, but the difference in N mineralization rate was not significant (P > 0.05). In May and August, soil microbial biomass C under Mongolian pine plantation and grassland had little difference, but in November, it was significantly higher under Mongolian pine plantation than under grassland. Soil nutrients- and moisture contents were the important factors affecting soil microbial biomass C. Soil urease and invertase activities decreased but catalase activity increased under Mongolian pine plantation, compared with those under grassland. It was suggested that 32 years afforestation of degraded sandy grassland with Mongolian pine on Keerqin sandy land led to a definite degradation of soil quality. Owing to the changes of vegetation, the test indicators of soil quality had different seasonal dynamic characteristics under Mongolian pine plantation and grassland. As a means of degraded ecosystem restoration in semi-arid area of Northern China, afforestation had its definite limitations.
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PMID:[Effects of degraded sandy grassland afforestation on soil quality in semi-arid area of northern China]. 1826 Apr 37


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