Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An investigation was made on a long-term fertilization facility vegetable field at Shenyang Agricultural University to study the effects of long-term fertilization on the soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties. Long term application of organic manure combined with or without nitrogen fertilizer increased the contents of soil organic matter, N, P, and K, and improved the soil physical properties and soil invertase, urease, and neutral phosphatase activities. However, long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer alone decreased soil pH and soil enzymes activities. Significant positive correlations were observed between soil invertase activity and soil organic matter and total P, between soil urease activity and soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable N, total and available P, and available K, and between soil neutral phosphatase activity and soil organic matter, total P, and available K, but less correlation was found between soil dehydrogenase activity and soil nutrients.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term fertilization on soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties of facility vegetable field]. 2087 35

A pot experiment with cucumber (taking Cucurbita ficifoblia B. as the rootstock) was conducted to study the effects of grafting on the microbial population, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in rhizospheric soil under copper stress. Under the stress of copper, the microbial biomass C and N in grafted and self-rooted cucumber rhizospheric soils all decreased significantly, while the basal respiration and metabolic quotient were in adverse. In grafted cucumber rhizospheric soil, the microbial biomass C and N were significantly higher than those in self-rooted cucumber rhiaospheric soil, whereas the basal respiration and metabolic quotient were significantly lower. Under copper stress, the quantities of actinomyces and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizospheric soils decreased and that of fungi increased significantly, whereas the quantity of bacteria had less change. In grafted cucumber rhizospheric soil, the quantities of bacteria, actinomyces, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were significantly higher than those in self-rooted cucumber rhizospheric soil, but the quantity of fungi was in opposite. The urease, phosphatase, sucrase, and catalase activities were significantly higher in grafted than in self-rooted cucumber rhizospheric soil. All the results suggested that grafting could mitigate the impact of copper stress on the microbial micro-environment and enzyme activities in cucumber rhizospheric soil, and as a result, improve the adaptability of cucumber to copper stress.
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PMID:[Effects of grafting on cucumber rhizospheric soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities under copper stress]. 2126 54

With open top chamber (OTC), this paper studied the effects of simulated warming on the activities of soil invertase, urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase in two contrasting subalpine coniferous forests (a dragon spruce plantation and a natural conifer forest) in west Sichuan. The dynamic changes of soil temperature and soil moisture were monitored synchronously. In the whole growth season, simulated warming enhanced the daily mean temperature at soil depth 5 cm by 0.61 degrees C in the plantation, and by 0.55 degrees C in the natural forest. Conversely, the volumetric moisture at soil depth 10 cm was declined by 4.10% and 2.55%, respectively. Simulated warming also increased soil invertase, urease, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase activities. The interactive effect of warming and forest type was significant on soil urease and catalase, but not significant on soil invertase and polyphenol oxidase. The warming effect on soil catalase depended, to some extent, on season change. In all treatments, the soil enzyme activities in the natural forest were significantly higher than those in the plantation. The seasonal changes of test soil enzyme activities were highly correlated with soil temperature, but less correlated with soil moisture. This study indicated that warming could enhance soil enzyme activities, and the effect had definite correlations with forest type, enzyme category, and season change. The soil enzyme activities in the subalpine coniferous forests were mainly controlled by soil temperature rather than soil moisture.
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PMID:[Effects of simulated warming on soil enzyme activities in two subalpine coniferous forests in west Sichuan]. 2136 Sep 92

The dissipation of carbendazim and chloramphenicol alone and in combination and their effects on soil fungal:bacterial ratios and soil enzyme activities were investigated. The results revealed that carbendazim dissipation was little affected by chloramphenicol, whereas chloramphenicol dissipation was found to be retarded significantly by the presence of carbendazim. The inhibitory effect of carbendazim on the fungal:bacterial ratios was increased by the presence of chloramphenicol, and the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol on neutral phosphatase was increased by the presence of carbendazim. Carbendazim increased soil catalase and urease activities, but this increase was partially diminished by the presence of chloramphenicol. Little interaction was observed between carbendazim and chloramphenicol with regard to their influence on soil invertase. The results obtained in this study suggest that combinations of fungicides and antibiotics may alter the compounds' individual behaviors in soil and their effects on soil enzymes.
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PMID:Dissipation of carbendazim and chloramphenicol alone and in combination and their effects on soil fungal:bacterial ratios and soil enzyme activities. 2149

Classical statistics methods were adopted to analyze the soil quality variability, its affecting factors, and affecting degree at a regional scale (700 km2) in the central part of hilly Loess Plateau region of China. There existed great differences in the variability of test soil quality indicators. Soil pH, structural coefficient, silt content, specific gravity, bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, and catalase activity were the indicators with weak variability; soil nutrients (N, P, and K) contents, CaCO3 content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay content, micro-aggregate mean mass diameter, aggregate mean mass diameter, water-stable aggregates, respiration rate, microbial quotient, invertase and phosphatase activities, respiratory quotient, and microbial carbon and nitrogen showed medium variation; while soil labile organic carbon and phosphorus contents, erosion-resistance, permeability coefficient, and urease activity were the indicators with strong variability. The variability of soil CaCO3, total P and K, CEC, texture, and specific gravity, etc. was correlated with topography and other environmental factors, while the variability of dynamic soil quality indicators, including soil organic matter content, nitrogen content, water-stable aggregates, permeability, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, enzyme activities, and respiration rate, was mainly correlated with land use type. Overall, land use pattern explained 97% of the variability of soil quality indicators in the region. It was suggested that in the evaluation of soil quality in hilly Loess Plateau region, land use type and environmental factors should be fully considered.
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PMID:[Effects of land use and environmental factors on the variability of soil quality indicators in hilly Loess Plateau region of China]. 2160 55

The sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) rotation is an intensive and new cropping system in Central China. Nutrient management practices in this rotation system may influence soil fertility, the important aspects of which are soil biological properties and quality. As sensitive soil biological properties and quality indicators, soil microbial community activity, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, soil organic matter (SOM) and total N resulting from different fertilization regimes in this rotation system were studied through a four-year field experiment from April 2005 to May 2009. Treatments included control (CK), fertilizer phosphorus and potassium (PK), fertilizer nitrogen and potassium (NK), fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) and a fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combination (NPK). Soil microbial community activities in the NK, NP and NPK treatments were significantly lower than those in the CK and PK treatments after the sudangrass and ryegrass trial. The highest microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, SOM, total N, sucrase and urease activities were found in the NPK treatment, and these soil quality indicators were significantly higher in the NK, NP and NPK treatments than in the PK and CK treatments. Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were positively associated with SOM in the sudangrass and ryegrass rotation system, indicating that fertilization regimes, especially N application, reduced microbial community activity in the soil. Proper fertilization regimes will increase microbial biomass, enzyme activity and SOM and improve soil fertility.
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PMID:Fertilization regimes affect the soil biological characteristics of a sudangrass and ryegrass rotation system. 2170 19

The microbial community structure and enzyme activity were investigated in the three-stage wavy subsurface constructed wetland (W-SFCW) receiving wastewater containing heavy metals (Cr, Cu and Ni). Colony forming units (CFU) abundance of microbes was calculated by using plate culture. The microbial community structure was investigated by using PCR-DGGE and sequencing. Enzyme activity was detected by using colorimetry. The results showed that the CFU of bacteria ranged from (4.10 +/- 0.72) x 10(6) to (1.61 +/- 0.10) x 10(7), fungi ranged from (7.21 +/- 1.60) x 10(4) to (1.29 +/- 0.02) x 10(5) and actinomycetes ranged from (1.41 +/- 0.27) x 10(6) to (3.38 +/- 0.11) x 10(6). All of 8 bands retrieved from DGGE gels were unique 16S rRNA or 18S rRNA sequences and revealed that the microbial community structures had changed spatially. Maximum urease [(0.67 +/- 0.2) mg/(g x 24 h)], invertase [(40.15 +/- 0.14) mg/(g x 24 h)] and alkaline phosphatase [(1.03 +/- 0.16) mg/(g x 2 h)] activities were at first stage, third stage and first stage, respectively. A negative correlation between fungi CFU abundance and the total content of Cr, available Cr content and activation rate of Cr was detected, a negative correlation was also found between the invertase activity and total Cu and Ni contents and the Ni activation rate.
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PMID:[Spatial difference of microbial community structure and enzyme activity in constructed wetlands receiving wastewater containing heavy metals]. 2171 70

Late soil-thawing period is a critical stage connecting winter and growth season. The significant temperature fluctuation at this stage might have strong effects on soil ecological processes. In order to understand the soil biochemical processes at this stage in the subalpine/alpine forests of west Sichuan, soil samples were collected from the representative forests including primary fir forest, fir and birch mixed forest, and secondary fir forest in March 5-April 25, 2009, with the activities of soil invertase, urease, and phosphatase (neutral, acid and alkaline phosphatases) measured. In soil frozen period, the activities of the three enzymes in test forests still kept relatively higher. With the increase of soil temperature, the activities of hydrolases at the early stage of soil-thawing decreased rapidly after a sharp increase, except for neutral phosphatease. Thereafter, there was an increase in the activities of urease and phosphatase. Relative to soil mineral layer, soil organic layer had higher hydrolase activity in late soil-thawing period, and showed more obvious responses to the variation of soil temperature.
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PMID:[Soil hydrolase characteristics in late soil-thawing period in subalpine/alpine forests of west Sichuan]. 2181 89

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping various Chinese onion cultivars of different allelopathic potential on the cucumber growth and rhizospheric soil environment. When intercropped with high allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars, the EC value and peroxidase activity of cucumber rhizospheric soil decreased, while the pH value, invertase and catalase activities, and bacterial community diversity increased. The cloning and sequencing results indicated that most DGGE bands amplified from cucumber rhizospheric soil samples showed a high homology to uncultured bacterial species. The common bands were affiliated with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the differential bacteria bands were affiliated with Proteobacteria and Anaerolineaceae. Rhodospirillales and Acidobacteria were only found in the cucumber rhizospheric soil intercropped with low allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between rhizospheric soil urease activity and cucumber seedlings height, total dry biomass, leaf area, and DGGE band number. It was suggested that intercropping high allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars could establish a good rhizospheric soil micro-environment for cucumber growth, and promote the growth of cucumber seedlings markedly.
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PMID:[Effects of intercropping Chinese onion cultivars of different allelopathic potential on cucumber growth and soil micro-environment]. 2226 68

This paper studied the variations of soil microbial biomass C, N, and P contents and soil hydrolase activities under different cropping modes, i.e., corn + sweet potato intercropping (CS), soybean mono-cropping (SM), continuous cropping of ginger (CG), and rice-milk vetch rotation (RM) , after ginger planting in the purple soil area at the lower reaches of Minjiang River. Ginger planting decreased the soil microbial biomass C, N and P contents significantly. The decrement of the soil microbial biomass C and N contents after ginger planting was lesser under CS and RM than under SM and CG, but the soil microbial biomass P content was in adverse. Ginger planting also decreased the soil acid phosphatase activity significantly, and the decrement was the greatest under CS but the least under RM. The soil invertase activity decreased significantly under CG, and the soil urease activity had a significant decrease under SM, CG and RM. After ginger planting, the soil urease and intervase activities under CS were higher, as compared with those under the other cropping modes.
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PMID:[Variations of microbial biomass and hydrolase activities in purple soil under different cropping modes as affected by ginger planting]. 2258 69


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