Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circumstantial evidence is presented which indicates that Polyporus volvatus is parasitic. Cultures of Polyporus volvatus and Fomes igniarius may be obtained from the young sporophores by the tissue method. In Polyporus volvatus the presence of the following enzymes was demonstrated: esterase, maltase, lactase, sucrase, raffinase, diastase, inulase, cellulase, hemicellulase, glucosidase, rennet, and catalase. In Fomes igniarius the presence of the following enzymes was demonstrated: esterase, maltase, lactase, sucrase, raffinase, diastase, inulase, cellulase, hemicellulase, glucosidase, urease, rennet, and catalase.
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PMID:STUDIES IN WOOD DECAY : II. ENZYME ACTION IN POLYPORUS VOLVATUS PECK AND FOMES IGNIARIUS (L.) GILLET. 1987 5

With cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) variety Jinyou 1 as test material, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water and fertilizer supply on the cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity. Three water regimes (50%-60%, 70%-80%, and 90%-100% soil relative moisture content) and two fertilization practices (600 kg N x hm(-2) + 420 kg P2O5 x hm(-2) and 420 kg N x hm(-2) + 294 kg P2O5 x hm(-2)) were designed. The increase of water and fertilizer supply benefited the increase of soil available P content and sucrase activity. Increasing fertilization rate increased soil NH(4+)-N content but decreased soil protease activity, and increasing soil relative moisture content decreased the soil NH(4+)-N content and urease activity. Soil microbial diversity had no significant correlations with soil nutrient contents, but significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and negatively correlated with soil sucrase activity. Among the treatments, the treatment 70%-80% soil relative moisture content + 600 kg N x hm(-2) and 420 kg P2O5 x hm(-2) had the highest soil nutrient contents, soil urease, sucrase, and phosphatase activities, and soil microbial diversity and evenness, being the best in soil potential productivity.
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PMID:[Effects of different water and fertilizer supply on cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity]. 1989 70

Taking a long-term fertilized paddy soil in Taihu Lake region as research object, the enzyme activities in <2, 2-20, 20-200, and 200-2000 microm aggregates under no fertilization (NF), chemical fertilization (CF), chemical fertilization plus straw return (CFS), and chemical fertilization plus pig manure (CFM) were investigated. Fertilization promoted the formation of 200-2000 microm aggregates significantly. The enzyme activities differed with aggregates' particle-size. Urease and invertase activities were the highest in <2 microm aggregates, whereas the activities of cellulase, polyphenoloxidase and FDA hydrolase were the highest in 200-2000 microm aggregates. Fertilization, especially the combined fertilization of inorganic and organic fertilizers, increased the activities of urease, invertase, cellulase and FDA hydrolase in 200-2000 microm aggregates significantly. With the geometric mean (GMea) of the five test enzyme activities as the integrative index of soil enzyme activities, it was found that under fertilization, the GMea was significantly higher in 200-2000 microm aggregates, suggesting the high sensitivity of enzyme activities in larger particle-size aggregates to fertilization practices. Long-term inorganic plus organic fertilization could enhance the soil bio-function via the promotion of the formation of larger particle-size aggregates and the enzyme activities in these aggregates.
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PMID:[Responses of enzyme activities in different particle-size aggregates of paddy soil in Taihu Lake region of China to long-term fertilization]. 2003 Jan 40

To reveal the effects of different restoration modes after returning farmland to lake on the soil biological characteristics in Dongting Lake area, the activities of soil saccharase, urease, phosphatase, and catalase at three typical sites (Xiaojicheng, Guanyuan, and Qingshanyuan) were studied. At the Xiaojicheng site where poplar was planted, soil catalase activity increased significantly, but the activities'of other three test enzymes had no significant change. At the Guanyuan site where reed was planted, the activities of soil saccharase and phosphatase had somewhat decrease, and those of urease and catalase had less change. At the Qingshanyuan site where natural water area was restored, the test enzyme activities had less changes except that the phosphatase activity decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the test enzyme activities had significant positive correlations with soil organic matter content (P < 0.01), illustrating that the changes in the soil organic matter content under different restoration modes could be the main cause inducing the changes in soil enzyme activity.
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PMID:[Soil enzyme activities under different restoration modes after returning farmland to lake in Dongting Lake area]. 2003 Jan 41

The dynamic changes of soil enzymatic activities during remediation of phenanthrene contaminated soil with clover or clover and wheat were investigated with pot experiments. Clover and wheat increased the activities of soil sucrase, polyphenol oxidase, urease and phosphatase with an increase rate in the range of 14.72%-46.52%, but inhibited the catalase activity with an inhibition rate in the range of 36.13%-94.79%. Sucrase and polyphenol oxidase reached the maximum activity values at the 14th day, and urease and phosphatase at the 21th day. Catalase got to the minimum activity value at the 7th day. In the light of these, catalase was relatively more sensitive to phenanthrene than the other enzymes, and could be employed as a key indicator to evaluate the risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil during remedying. Sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities in wheat and clover intercropping system were significantly higher than in wheat or clover single-cropping system. Furthermore, there was a good negative correlation between catalase and sucrase (r = - 0.482), and polyphenol oxidase (r = -0.599), and urease (r = -0.329), and phosphatase (r = -0.297). Nonetheless, a good positive correlation existed among sucrase, polyphenol oxidase, urease and phosphatase. It is concluded that in the process of phytoremediation, soil enzymes can be employed as indicators for soil quality, it is not necessary to monitor each enzymatic activity, but to the activity of a key enzyme.
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PMID:[Enzymatic activities of phenanthrene contaminated soil in wheat and clover intercropping system]. 2018 7

Changes in extracellular enzyme activities and microbial populations were studied during the normal composting and vermicomposting of fruitpulp, vegetable waste, groundnut husk and cowdung. The microbial numbers and their extracellular enzyme profiles showed relative variation and were found increasingly more abundant in vermicompost than in normal compost leading to the conversion of agricultural waste into value added product. In vermicompost, the maximum enzyme activities (cellulase, amylase, invertase, protease and urease) were observed during 21-35 days. The cellulase, amylase and protease activities of vermicompost reached the maximum values by 28th day of 1175, 825 microg reducing sugar g(-1) hr(-1) and 28 micro mol of aminoacid g(-1) hr(-1) of vermicompost samples respectively. Similarly the invertase and urease activities reached to peak values of 876 microg reducing sugar g(-1) hr(-1) and 197 microg NH4(+)-N g(-1) ha(-1) sample on 35th day respectively. Most of the enzymes showed correlation with change in number and types of different microbial groups like bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes during vermicomposting with maximum number of 126 x 10(6), 28 x 10(4) and 93 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) sample respectively. In contrast delayed greatest enzyme activities were observed on 42-49th day i.e., last days of normal composting. Earthworms stimulated biochemical activity and nutrient cycling by 40-45% contributing to the reduction of period of degradation of agricultural wastes resulting in maturation of vermicompost by 28th day.
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PMID:Comparative assessment in enzyme activities and microbial populations during normal and vermicomposting. 2032 98

From November 2007 to May 2009, a simulation test was conducted in a Pleioblastus amarus plantation in Rainy Area of West China to study the effects of nitrogen deposition on the activities of soil enzymes. Four treatments were installed, i.e., control (0 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), low nitrogen (5 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), medium nitrogen (15 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), and high nitrogen (30 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)). Half year after N deposition, 0-20 cm soil samples were collected monthly, and the activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, cellulase, sucrase, urease, and acid phosphatase were determined. All test enzyme activities had apparent, seasonal variation, with the peak of cellulase, suerase, and acid phosphatase activities in spring, of urease activity in autumn, and of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in winter. Nitrogen deposition stimulated the activities of polyphenol oxidase, sucrase, urease, and acid phosphatase, inhibited cellulase activity, but had no significant effects on peroxidase activity. The test P. amurus plantation ecosystem was N-limited, and nitrogen deposition stimulated the decomposition of soil organic matter by microbe-enzyme system.
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PMID:[Soil enzyme activities in a Pleioblastus amurus plantation in Rainy Area of West China under simulated nitrogen deposition]. 2035 60

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of rotation and fallowing on the microbial communities and enzyme activities in a greenhouse soil continuously cropped with cucumber and on the growth and yield of followed cucumber. Comparing with continuous cropping, rotation improved the components of soil microbial communities, which was manifested in the increase of bacteria and actinomycetes and the decrease of fungi. Rotation and fallowing enhanced the activities of soil invertase, urease, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase significantly. The quantities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes and the activity of soil invertase increased at the fruiting stage of cucumber plants, being the maximum at harvest stage, but decreased thereafter. In contrast, the quantity of soil fungi had a linear increase, and the activities of soil urease, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase decreased gradually during fruit development. Welsh onion and waxy maize promoted the growth and fruiting of the followed cucumber plants significantly, being the optimal rotation crops for cucumber.
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PMID:[Effects of rotation and fallowing on the microbial communities and enzyme activities in a solar greenhouse soil under continuous cucumber cropping]. 2035 66

With the continuing increase in human activities, ecologists are increasingly interested in understanding the effects of acid rain on litter decomposition. Two dominant litters were chosen from Zijin Mountain in China: Quercus acutissima from a broad-leaved forest and Pinus massoniana from a coniferous forest. The litters were incubated in microcosms and treated with simulated acid rain (gradient pH levels). During a six-month incubation, changes in chemical composition (i.e., lignin, total carbohydrate, and nitrogen), litter mass losses, soil pH values, and activities of degradative enzymes were determined. Results showed that litter mass losses were depressed after exposure to acid rain and the effects of acid rain on the litter decomposition rates of needles were higher than on those of leaves. Results also revealed that simulated acid rain restrained the activities of cellulase, invertase, nitrate reductase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, and urease, while it enhanced the activities of catalase in most cases during the six-month decomposition process. Catalase and polyphenol oxidase were primarily responsible for litter decomposition in the broad-leaved forest, while invertase, nitrate reductase, and urease were primarily responsible for litter decomposition in the coniferous forest. The results suggest acid rain-restrained litter decomposition may be due to the depressed enzymatic activities. According to the results of this study, soil carbon in subtropical forests would accumulate as a long-term consequence of continued acid rain. This may presumably alter the balance of ecosystem carbon flux, nutrient cycling, and humus formation, which may, in turn, have multiple effects on forest ecosystems.
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PMID:Effect of simulated acid rain on the litter decomposition of Quercus acutissima and Pinus massoniana in forest soil microcosms and the relationship with soil enzyme activities. 2038 10

In China, there are many special sites for recycling and washing the used drums, which release a variety of C5-C40 hydrocarbon mixture into the soil around the site. The remediation of these contaminated sites by thermal treatment is adopted ubiquitously and needs to be assessed. Here we report the feasibility of biological indicators applied to assess thermal treatment efficiency in such contaminated soil. A series of biological indicators, including seed germination index (SGI), root elongation index (REI), plant growth height, biomass, carbon dioxide evolved (CDE), soil respiration inhibition (SRI) and soil enzymatic activities, were employed to monitor or assess hydrocarbon mixture removal in thermal treated soil. The results showed that residual hydrocarbon mixture content correlated strongly negatively with SGI for sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.), plant height, and biomass for ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in the concentration ranges of 0-3990, 0-3170 and 0-2910 mg kg(-1), respectively. In contrast, REI for sesamum was positively correlated with residual hydrocarbon mixture content from 0 to 1860 mg kg(-1). In addition, both CDE and SRI demonstrated that 600 mg kg(-1) of residual hydrocarbon mixture content caused the highest amount of soil carbon dioxide emission and inhabitation of soil respiration. The results of soil enzymes indicated that 1000 mg kg(-1) of residual hydrocarbon mixture content was the threshold value of stimulating or inhibiting the activities of phosphatase and catalase, or completely destroying the activities of dehydrogenase, invertase, and urease. In conclusion, these biological indicators can be used as a meaningful complementation for traditional chemical content measurement in evaluating the environmental risk of the contaminated sites before and after thermal treatment.
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PMID:Biological indicators capable of assessing thermal treatment efficiency of hydrocarbon mixture-contaminated soil. 2059 40


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