Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With the soils cropped Rehmannia glutinosa for one and two years as test materials, this paper studied the variations of microbial flora and enzyme activities in rhizosphere. The results showed that with increasing year of cropping, the numbers of bacteria and fungi in rihzosphere had a slight decrease. In the soil successively cropped R. glutinosa for two years, the number of actinomycetes in rihzosphere was 4 times higher, the ammonifier, aerobic azotobacter, sulphate reducer, denitrifier, and anaerobic cellulose-decomposer increased by 25.99, 45.39, 11.43, 1.36, and 1.43 folds, respectively, while aerobic cellulose-decomposer reduced by 86.74%, compared with those in the soil cropped R. glutinosa for one year. The root exudates of successively cropped R. glutinosa increased the activities of urease, polyhphenol oxidase, sucrase, protease and cellulase in rhizosphere by 62.87%, 9.43%, 47.91%, 139.62% and 31.33%, respectively, but inhibited the activity of catalase. The findings suggested that successive cropping R. glutinosa would destroy the balance of rhizosphere soil microbial flora.
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PMID:[Effects of successive cropping Rehmannia glutinosa on rhizosphere soil microbial flora and enzyme activities]. 1833 50

In this paper, black soil samples at the depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm were collected from the Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences to study the effects of long-term fertilization on their urease, invertase, phosphatase and catalase activities and total C and N contents. The results showed that long-term application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure increased the activities of urease, invertase and phosphatase in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers in different degree, and the combined application of them increased the activities of the three enzymes significantly, with an increment of 43.6%-113.2%, 25.9%-79.5% and 14.7%-134.4% in 0-20 cm soil layer and 56.1%-127.2%, 14.5%-113.8% and 16.2%-207.2% in 20-40 cm soil layer, respectively. However, long-term application of chemical fertilizers without organic manure had little effects on catalase activity. The activities of urease, invertase and phosphatase decreased with increasing soil depth. Long-term application of N fertilizer increased urease activity, and P fertilization had obvious positive effect on phosphatase activity. Long-term fertilization also had obvious effects on the soil total C and N contents and C/N ratio.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term fertilization on enzyme activities in black soil of Northeast China]. 1853 24

The study on the effects of long-term continuous cropping of cotton and returning cotton stalk into field on the quantities of soil microbes and the activities of soil urease, invertase, catalase and diastase showed that the soil biological activities in cotton field were negatively affected by continuous cropping of cotton, but positively affected by the returning of cotton stocks into filed. The obstacle of short-term (5-10 years) continuous cropping was more obvious. After 5 and 10 years continuous cropping and stalk returning, the total quantity of soil microbes was decreased by 36.54% and 25.66%, and the quantities of bacteria and actinomyces were decreased by 61.12% and 70.16%, and 67.91%, 145.89%, respectively, while the quantity of fungi was increased, compared with those after 1 year cropping. The activities of soil urease and invertase after 5 and 10 years continuous cropping and stalk returning were decreased by 0.76% and 2.52%, and 28.12% and 11.44%, respectively, and the soil catalase activity after 5 years continuous cropping and stalk returning was decreased by 9.21%, compared with those after 1 year cropping. Under long-term continuous cropping and stalk returning, soil biological properties improved, and soil biological diversity index increased. Compared with those after 5 years continuous cropping and stalk returning, the quantities of bacteria and actinomyces after 15 and 20 years continuous cropping and stalk returning were increased by 71.52% and 61.03%, and 141.74%, 240.83%, respectively, with the proportion of fungi declined and the activities of urase, catalase and invertase increased. Soil amylase activity after 5, 10, and 20 years continuous cropping and stalk returning was increased by 11.38%, 10.41%, and 31.34%, respectively, compared with those after 1 year cropping.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term continuous cropping of cotton and returning cotton stalk into field on soil biological activities]. 1865 88

To investigate the effects of elevated temperature on the soil organic carbon content, soil respiration rate, and soil enzyme activities in subalpine Picea asperata plantations in western Sichuan Province of China, a simulation study was conducted in situ with open-top chambers from November 2005 to July 2007. The results showed that under elevated temperature, the mean air temperature and soil temperature were 0.42 degrees C and 0.25 degrees C higher than the control, respectively. In the first and the second year, the increased temperature had somewhat decreasing effects on the soil organic carbon and the C/N ratio at the soil depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. In the first year the soil organic carbon and the C/N ratio in 0-10 cm soil layer decreased by 8.69%, and 8.52%, respectively; but in the second year, the decrements were lesser. Soil respiration rate was significantly enhanced in the first year of warming, but had no significant difference with the control in the second year. In the first year of warming, the activities of soil invertase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, protease, and urease increased, and the invertase and polyphenol oxidase activities in 0-10 cm soil layer were significantly higher than the control. In the second year of warming, the activities of invertase, protease and urease still had an increase, but those of catalase and polyphenol oxidase had a downtrend, compared with the control.
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PMID:[Effects of elevated temperature on soil organic carbon and soil respiration under subalpine coniferous forest in western Sichuan Province, China]. 1897 35

To reveal the characteristics of the dynamic changes of soil microbial populations and enzyme activities in super-high yielding ( > 15,000 kg x hm(-2)) summer maize farmland soil, a comparative study was conducted in the experimental fields in National Maize Engineering Research Center (Shandong). On the fields with an annual yield of >15,000 kg x hm(-2) in continuous three years, a plot with the yield of 20 322 kg x hm(-2) (HF) was chosen to make comparison with the conventional farmland (CF) whose maize yield was 8920. 1 kg x hm(-2). The numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes as well as the activities of urease and invertase in 0-20 cm soil layer were determined. The results showed that in the growth period of maize, the numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the two farmland soils increased first and declined then. At the later growth stages of maize, the numbers of soil microbes, especially those of bacteria and actinomycetes, were lower in HF than those in CF. At harvest stage, the ratio of the number of soil bacteria to fungi (B/ F) in HF was 2.03 times higher than that at sowing stage, and 3.02 times higher than that in CF. The B/F in CF had less difference at harvest and sowing stages. The soil urease activity in HF was significantly lower than that in CF at jointing stage, and the invertase activity in HF decreased rapidly after blooming stage, being significantly lower than that in CF.
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PMID:[Dynamic changes of soil microbial populations and enzyme activities in super-high yielding summer maize farmland soil]. 1897 51

The microbial number, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities in five upland soils under agricultural utilization for 50-700 years were determined, with the correlations between soil microbiological characteristics and agricultural utilization duration analyzed. In the meantime, the functional diversity of microbes in soils having been utilized for 50, 100, and 700 years were investigated. The results showed that at the early stage (< 100 years) of agricultural utilization, the number of soil fungi (F) had a slight increase, while the bacterial number (B), B/F ratio, microbial biomass C (C(mic)), microbial biomass N (N(mic)), and the activities of catalase, invertase and urease all decreased markedly. After utilized for more than 100 years, the F decreased significantly, while the B, B/F ratio, C(mic), N(mic), and the activities of test enzymes all tended to increase. During the whole utilization period from 50 to 700 years, the C(mic)/N(mic) ratio had a significant increase with year. The Shannon, Simpson, and McIntosh indices of soil microbial community had the same responses to the agricultural utilization duration as the bacterial number, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities. All of these indicated that in the upland fields in Cixi of Zhejiang Province, shifts of soil microbial community occurred with increasing agricultural utilization duration, and soil microbiological quality had an overall increase after 100 years agricultural utilization.
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PMID:[Spatiotemporal evolvement of soil microbiological characteristics in upland fields with different utilization duration in Cixi, Zhejiang Province]. 1910 12

Taking barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), allelopathic rice (Oryza sativa) PI312777, and non-allelopathic rice Liaojing-9 as test materials, this paper studied the changes of microbial biomass C and of dehydrogenase, urease and invertase activities in soils under 1 : 1 rice-barnyard grass coexistence. The results showed that with the coexistence of barnyard grass, the microbial biomass C in rhizosphere soil of PI312777 was decreased by 50.52% (P < 0.01), while that in inter-row soil was increased. The microbial biomass C in rhizosphere soil of Liaojing-9 was also decreased by 38.99% (P < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed in inter-row soil. The dehydrogenase activity in rhizosphere soils of the two rice varieties were decreased by 20% or more (P < 0.05), but the urease and invertase activities in rhizosphere soil of PI312777 were significantly stimulated (P < 0.01). The invertase activity in rhizosphere soil of Liaojing-9 was inhibited by coexisting barnyard grass, but urease activity had less change. As a result, the allelopathic traits of rice variety led to a significant decrease of microbial biomass C and an increase of urease and invertase activities in rhizosphere soil under barnyard grass coexistence, implying that soil microbial biomass and enzymes might play essential roles in species interactions between rice and barnyard grass, and allelopathic rice had its advantage in resistance to barnyard grass.
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PMID:[Changes of microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities in rice-barnyard grass coexisted soils]. 1912 61

A nanostructured system composed of enzyme-functionalized silica microparticles, ca. 74 microm, and gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles, 18 +/- 3 nm, modified with pH-sensitive organic shells was used to process biochemical signals and transduce the output signal into the changes of the optoelectronic properties of the assembly. The enzymes (glucose oxidase, invertase, esterase) covalently bound to the silica microparticles performed Boolean logic operations AND/OR processing biochemical information received in the form of chemical input signals resulting in changes of the solution pH value. Dissociation state of the organic shells on the gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles was controlled by pH changes generated in situ by the enzyme logic systems. The charge variation on the organic shells upon the reversible protonation/dissociation process resulted in the changes of the gold layer localized surface plasmon resonance energy (LSPR), thus producing optical changes in the system. The proton transfer process allowed the functional coupling of the information processing enzyme systems with the signal transducing gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles providing their cooperative performance. Magnetic properties of the gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles allowed separation of the signal-transducing nanoparticles from the enzyme-modified signal processing silica microparticles. The reversible system operation was achieved by the Reset function, returning the pH value and optical properties of the system to the initial state. This process was biocatalyzed by another immobilized enzyme (urease) activated with a biochemical signal. The studied approach opens the way to novel optical biosensors logically processing multiple biochemical signals and "smart" multisignal responsive materials with logically switchable optical properties.
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PMID:Optoelectronic properties of nanostructured ensembles controlled by biomolecular logic systems. 1920 63

A "smart" biofuel cell switchable ON and OFF upon application of several chemical signals processed by an enzyme logic network was designed. The biocomputing system performing logic operations on the input signals was composed of four enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), amyloglucosidase (AGS), invertase (INV) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). These enzymes were activated by different combinations of chemical input signals: NADH, acetaldehyde, maltose and sucrose. The sequence of biochemical reactions catalyzed by the enzymes models a logic network composed of concatenated AND/OR gates. Upon application of specific "successful" patterns of the chemical input signals, the cascade of biochemical reactions resulted in the formation of gluconic acid, thus producing acidic pH in the solution. This resulted in the activation of a pH-sensitive redox-polymer-modified cathode in the biofuel cell, thus, switching ON the entire cell and dramatically increasing its power output. Application of another chemical signal (urea in the presence of urease) resulted in the return to the initial neutral pH value, when the O(2)-reducing cathode and the entire cell are in the mute state. The reversible activation-inactivation of the biofuel cell was controlled by the enzymatic reactions logically processing a number of chemical input signals applied in different combinations. The studied biofuel cell exemplifies a new kind of bioelectronic device where the bioelectronic function is controlled by a biocomputing system. Such devices will provide a new dimension in bioelectronics and biocomputing benefiting from the integration of both concepts.
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PMID:Biofuel cell controlled by enzyme logic network--approaching physiologically regulated devices. 1935 82

This paper studied the effects of applying different concentration (0, 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90 mg x kg(-1)) tetracycline on the soil enzyme activities and rape quality. The results showed that soil urease activity after applied 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90 mg x kg(-1) of tetracycline and soil suerase activity after applied 0.90 mg x kg(-1) of tetracycline were inhibited in the whole cultivating period, while the soil sucrase activity after applied 0.30 and 0.60 mg x kg(-1) of tetracycline showed a trend of activation-inhibition-activation. Soil proteinase activity showed a trend of inhibition-activation, and the extent and duration of the inhibition and activation had significant positive correlations with tetracycline concentration (r = 0.950 * *). Soil catalase activity showed activation first and turned to irregular then. The action duration of tetracycline on the activities of soil urease, catalase, sucrase and proteinase were 7 weeks, 6-8 weeks, 7 weeks, and 6-7 weeks, respectively. At harvest time, the soluble sugar contents in rape leaves after applying 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90 mg x kg(-1) of tetracycline decreased dramatically by 91.99%, 87.92%, 90.12%, while the soluble protein content increased by 26.47%, 28.13%, and 23.22%, respectively, compared to the control.
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PMID:[Effects of exogenous tetracycline on rape soil enzyme activity and rape quality]. 1956 79


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