Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Introduction of anthropogenic chemicals into soil may have lasting effects on soil microbial activities and thus soil health. This study was conducted with chlorothalonil to evaluate its effects on soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations and soil enzymes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, catalase, and invertase) after repeated applications. After the first addition of chlorothalonil, the soil bacterial and actinomycete populations were significantly reduced, whereas the population of soil fungi was unchanged. The most marked inhibition on soil microorganisms was observed after the second pesticide addition. However, after initial variations, soil bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes adapted gradually to chlorothalonil, and the negative effects became transient and weaker following the third and fourth treatments. The inhibitory effect of repeated chlorothalonil applications on soil enzymes followed a similar trend to that on soil microorganisms. Repeated chlorothalonil applications did not result in significant changes in its persistence. Three bacterial strains capable of utilizing chlorothalonil as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth were isolated 21 days after the fourth treatment with chlorothalonil, which indicated that the capability of soil microorganisms for degrading chlorothalonil was formed during the experiment.
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PMID:Responses of soil microorganisms and enzymes to repeated applications of chlorothalonil. 1717 43

In this study, Pinus koraiensis seedlings were grown under elevated CO2 (500 and 700 micromol x mol(-1)), and the hydrolase activities in 0 - 10 cm soil layer were determined. The results showed that compared with those under ambient condition, the activities of soil protease, urease, amylase and phosphatase under elevated CO2 increased significantly, while invertase activity decreased significantly. Different concentration of elevated CO2 had different effects on soil hydrolase activities. 500 micromol CO2 x mol(-1) had more significant effect on soil protease and phosphatase activities, while 700 micromol CO2 x mol(-1) had more significant effect on soil urease, amylase, and invertase activities.
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PMID:[Effects of elevated CO2 on soil hydrolase activities associated with Pinus koraiensis seedlings]. 1726 57

Heavy metal (HM) is a major hazard to the soil-plant system. This study investigated the combined effects of cadium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) on activities of four enzymes in soil, including calatase, urease, invertase and alkalin phosphatase. HM content in tops of canola and four enzymes activities in soil were analyzed at two months after the metal additions to the soil. Pb was not significantly inhibitory than the other heavy metals for the four enzyme activities and was shown to have a protective role on calatase activity in the combined presence of Cd, Zn and Pb; whereas Cd significantly inhibited the four enzyme activities, and Zn only inhibited urease and calatase activities. The inhibiting effect of Cd and Zn on urease and calatase activities can be intensified significantly by the additions of Zn and Cd. There was a negative synergistic inhibitory effect of Cd and Zn on the two enzymes in the presence of Cd, Zn and Pb. The urease activity was inhibited more by the HM combinations than by the metals alone and reduced approximately 20%-40% of urease activity. The intertase and alkaline phosphatase activities significantly decreased only with the increase of Cd concentration in the soil. It was shown that urease was much more sensitive to HM than the other enzymes. There was a obvious negative correlation between the ionic impulsion of HM in soil, the ionic impulsion of HM in canola plants tops and urease activity. It is concluded that the soil urease activity may be a sensitive tool for assessing additive toxic combination effect on soil biochemical parameters.
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PMID:Effects of cadium, zinc and lead on soil enzyme activities. 1729 54

This paper studied the effects of no-tillage on the dynamics of invertase, urease and acid phosphatase activities in an aquic brown soil during maize growing season. The results showed that in 0 - 10 cm soil layer, the invertase activity at jointing, trumpet-shaped and ripening stages, urease activity at jointing and booting stages, and acid phosphatase activity at booting and ripening stages were significantly higher under no-tillage (NT) than under conventional tillage (CT). In 10 - 20 cm soil layer, the invertase activity at seedling, jointing and trumpet-shaped stages was significantly different between NT and CT, and the urease activity during whole growing season except at booting stage was significantly higher under NT than under CT. In 20 - 30 cm soil layer, the invertase activity during maize growing season was significantly lower under NT than under CT, and urease activity at seedling stage and acid phosphate activity at ripening stage were significantly different between these two treatments. Under NT, there was a decreasing trend of soil enzyme activities with increasing soil depth; while under CT, soil invertase and acid phosphatase activities increased, but urease activity decreased with increasing soil depth.
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PMID:[Dynamics of aquic brown soil enzyme activities under no-tillage]. 1733 Apr 78

With simulation test, this paper studied the effects of Hg on the activities of urease, invertase and neutral phosphotase in four soils. The results showed that Hg inhibited soil urease and invertase activities markedly, but its inhibitory effect differed with test soils. There was a significant logarithmic correlation between the concentration of HgCl2 and the activities of these two enzymes (P < 0.05). In test soils, the ED50 of urease activity was 87.99, 5.47, 24.05 and 19.88 mg x kg(-1), and that of invertase activity was 76.68, 727.49, 236.52 and 316.59 mg x kg(-1), respectively. Urease was more sensitive than invertase to Hg contamination, while organic matter had a protective effect on soil enzymes. Soil neutral phosphatase was not sensitive to Hg contamination, except that it was significantly activated by Hg in the meadow brown soil applied with plenty of organic fertilizer.
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PMID:[Effects of Hg on soil enzyme activity]. 1755 3

In a long-term experimental plot at the Hailun Agricultural Ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, the effects of three land management practices including natural restoration, fallowing and cropping on black soil microbial biomass C and enzyme activities at the depths of 0-10, 20-30 and 40-50 cm were investigated. The results showed that at 0-10 cm, soil microbial biomass C and soil urease, phosphatase, catalase and invertase activities were in the sequence of natural restoration > cropping > fallowing, while at 20-30 cm and 40-50 cm, they had less significant differences as those at 0-10 cm. Under natural restoration and cropping, soil microbial biomass C and soil urease, phosphatase and catalase activities decreased with increasing soil depth, while under fallowing, they were higher at 20-30 cm. Correlation analysis showed that there existed significant positive correlations between soil total C and total N, soil total C and microbial biomass C, and soil microbial biomass C and test enzyme activities. The indices soil microbial biomass C and soil enzyme activities showed that black soil under long-term natural restoration had better soil quality.
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PMID:[Effects of different land management practices on black soil microbial biomass C and enzyme activities]. 1776 29

With adjacent semi-moving dune as the control, this paper studied the effects of 5-, 10- and 22-year old Hedysarum fruticosum plantations on the nutrient status, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities at the soil depths 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. The results showed that with the establishment of H. fruticosum plantation on moving dune, soil C, N, P and K contents and biological activities increased obviously with the increasing age of the plantation, and the increment was much higher at 0-10 cm than at 10-20 and 20-30 cm. At 0-30 cm, soil C/N increased from 7.3 to 8.5, and microbial biomass C, N and P as well as the activities of urease, protease, saccharase, phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase and nitrate reductase all increased. Among the test enzyme activities, saccharase activity had the most significant increase, with its value at 0-10 cm being 49.7-284.5 times of the control. There were significant positive correlations between soil microbial biomass C, N and P and organic C, total N and total P, respectively, and between soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities.
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PMID:[Amelioration effect of sand-fixing Hedysarum fruticosum plantations on soil nutrient contents and biological activities]. 1797 38

By using simulation method, this paper studied the effects of furadan on the activities of soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase, with the affecting factors investigated. The results showed that after adding furadan into soil, soil urease activity was decreased first but increased then, indicating that the ecotoxicity of furadan was reduced gradually. When the concentration of furadan was less than 0.3%, soil urease, invertase and alkaline phosophatase were all activated, and in some soil samples, a significant positive correlation was observed between soil invertase activity and furadan concentration, suggesting that soil invertase activity could be used as an indicator for the soil pollution caused by furadan. It was concluded that the quality of soil and ecological environment would be kept safe under low concentrations of furadan (< or = 0.3%).
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PMID:[Effects of furadan on soil enzyme activity]. 1797 68

By the methods of field survey and incubation test, this paper studied the effects of degraded sandy grassland afforestation with Mongolian pine on the soil physical, chemical and biological properties in 0-10 cm layer on Keerqin sandy land. The results showed that after 32 years afforestation, soil organic C, total N and total P decreased by 21%, 42% and 45%, respectively. In May and November, soil NH4+ -N content was significantly higher under Mongolian pine plantation than under grassland (P = 0.001; P = 0.019), but in May, August and November, soil NO3- -N content was in adverse (P < 0.001; P = 0.048; P = 0.031). In May, August and November, soil C mineralization rate was higher under Mongolian pine plantation than under grassland, but the difference in N mineralization rate was not significant (P > 0.05). In May and August, soil microbial biomass C under Mongolian pine plantation and grassland had little difference, but in November, it was significantly higher under Mongolian pine plantation than under grassland. Soil nutrients- and moisture contents were the important factors affecting soil microbial biomass C. Soil urease and invertase activities decreased but catalase activity increased under Mongolian pine plantation, compared with those under grassland. It was suggested that 32 years afforestation of degraded sandy grassland with Mongolian pine on Keerqin sandy land led to a definite degradation of soil quality. Owing to the changes of vegetation, the test indicators of soil quality had different seasonal dynamic characteristics under Mongolian pine plantation and grassland. As a means of degraded ecosystem restoration in semi-arid area of Northern China, afforestation had its definite limitations.
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PMID:[Effects of degraded sandy grassland afforestation on soil quality in semi-arid area of northern China]. 1826 Apr 37

By using plastic sheet and nylon mesh to partition the root systems of maize and capsicum in a maize-capsicum intercropping system, this paper studied the relationships between soil biological factors and nutritive status in the intercropping system, with no partitioning and maize monoculture and capsicum monoculture as the control. The results showed that intercropping maize and capsicum had its high superiority. In the treatments of no partitioning and nylon mesh portioning in the intercropping system, soil enzyme activities, microbial individuals and nutrient contents were significantly higher, compared with those in the treatments of nylon mesh partitioning and monocultures. All kinds of soil available nutrients showed significant or very significant positive correlations with soil biological factors, except that soil available Mg was negatively correlated with soil fungi and catalase activity. Pathway analysis indicated that in the intercropping system, soil urease, catalase, protease, and bacteria were the main factors affecting the accumulation of soil organic matter, saccharase was the most important factor affecting soil alkali-hydrolyzable N, urease was the most important factor affecting soil available P, and bacteria largely determined soil available K. Soil alkaline phosphatase and fungi selectively affected the accumulation of soil organic matter and available N, P and K. There was a slight negative correlation between soil actinomycetes and soil nutrients, suggesting that actinomycetes had little effect on soil nutrient formation.
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PMID:[Relationships between soil nutrients and rhizospheric soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in a maize-capsicum intercropping system]. 1833 49


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