Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Salicylic acid treatment has been found to delay the ripening of banana fruits (Musa acuminata). Fruit softening, pulp:peel ratio, reducing sugar content, invertase and respiration rate have been found to decrease in salicylic acid treated fruits as compared with control ones. The activities of major cell wall degrading enzymes, viz. cellulase, polygalacturonase and xylanase were found to be decreased in presence of salicylic acid. The major enzymatic antioxidants namely, catalase and peroxidase, were also found to be decreased in presence of salicylic acid during banana fruit ripening.
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PMID:Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. 1099 48

The influences of Zn and Cu on soil enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, cellulase, dehydrogenase, protease (z-FLase), urease, beta-D-glucosidase and beta-D-fructofuranosidase (invertase)) and microbial biomass carbon were investigated in agricultural soils amended with municipal sewage sludge or compost since 1978. The trace metals in the soils were fractionated using a sequential extraction method. Long-term application of the sewage sludge and composts caused accumulations of Cu and Zn in the soils, ranging from 140 to 144 and from 216 to 292 mg kg(-1), respectively. The percentage of Cu was highest in the NaOH- and HNO3-extractable fractions (44-51% and 38-46%, respectively), while the percentage of Zn was highest in the HNO3- and EDTA-extractable fractions (65-83% and 11-32%, respectively). Although the percentage of the bioavailable fractions (sum of KNO3 + H2O-, NaOH-, and EDTA-extractable amounts) of Cu (53-64%) was higher than that of Zn (15-37%), the percentage of the most labile fractions (KNO3 + H2O) of Zn (2.1-5.9%) was larger than that of Cu (1.1-2.4%). The size of the microbial biomass carbon increased with the application of sewage sludge or compost. For some enzymes, however, the ratio of the enzyme activity to microbial biomass was lower in the soils amended with sewage sludge or compost than that in the control soil. The soil enzyme activities were more adversely affected by Zn than by Cu. From a multiple regression analysis, it was found that dehydrogenase, urease, and beta-D-glucosidase activities were reduced by the KNO3 + H2O-extractable fraction of Zn in the soils. These microbial activities seem to be sensitive to Zn stress, indicating the possibility that they might be useful bioindicators for evaluation of the toxic effects of Zn on microorganisms in the soils.
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PMID:Copper and zinc fractions affecting microorganisms in long-term sludge-amended soils. 1148 Sep 22

This study dealt with the effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzyme activities. The results showed that maize stubble remaining in field could raise soil microbial biomass C and the activities of urease, phosphatase, cellulase, and invertase in soil remarkably. According to the dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and activities of the four enzymes, the five characters reached their maximum values about 60 days after sowing, and the crops were in bloom of growth. The results also showed that maize stubble remaining in field had positive effects on improving fertility and keeping high and steady yield of maize.
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PMID:[Effects of maize stubble remaining in field on dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and soil enzyme activities]. 1213 58

Six sets of feeding experiments were carried out using formulated diets containing prawn head waste (PW), chicken intestine waste (CW), banana flower (BF), cauliflower waste (CAU) Dolicos lab lab (DLL) and groundnut leaf (GNL) in four levels of inclusion (15, 30, 45 and 60%) to assess the pattern of distribution and activities of digestive enzymes like cellulase, amylase, maltase, invertase, protease and lipase in the digestive tracts of Labeo rohita fingerlings. A control group of fish was fed with diets containing antibiotics to destroy the digestive tract microflora which may induce digestive functions. In general, the activity of digestive enzymes depended on the amount and type of the ingredients present in the diets ingested by the fish. Test animals showed both endogenous and bacterial cellulase activities which suggests the necessity for including cellulose (plant protein source) as dietary ingredient. Occurrence of higher amount of cellulase in the foregut and amylase in the fore and midgut influenced by DNL and GNL diets revealed the possibility of including less than 40% of the respective ingredients in the diet of rohu. Maltase and invertase were highly influenced by GNL, DLL and BF diets than PW and CW diets. More than 40% inclusion of PW and CW was found to increase protease and lipase secretion in the midgut and hindgut regions. The higher secretion of lipase in the midgut suggested the physiological versatility for lipid digestion in rohu fingerlings.
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PMID:Effect of formulated diet on digestive enzymes of Labeo rohita (Ham.). 1256 75

Larval and adult Psacothea hilaris feed on mulberry wood and leaves, respectively. High levels of endogenous activity against the major dietary carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch and soluble sugars were secreted in the gut of larvae and adults. Activity against pectin was also high and multiple polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) components were secreted in the gut of larvae. One glycanase component, beta-EG1, which was primarily an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and another, beta-EG2, which was mostly an endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), were also secreted, while at least four additional components hydrolysed laminarin, lichenin and crystalline cellulose. The beta-glycosidase component beta-GD1 was associated with most of the beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25) and beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) activity secreted in the gut of larvae, while another, beta-GD2, was a beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), the activity of which was directed against cellobiose and other beta-linked disaccharides, and a beta-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.38). A beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), which did not hydrolyse lactose, was also secreted, as were distinct beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52), trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28), alpha-L-arabinosidase (EC 3.2.1.55), alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) and a minimum of four alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) components, one of which was also likely to be associated with a peak of alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) activity. The alpha-glucosidase components varied in their specificity for alpha-linked disaccharides, but none was active against sucrose, which was hydrolysed by a beta-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26) component. Overall average levels of activity in larvae were twice those of adults, but the secretion of individual carbohydrases in both was not regulated in response to the relative abundance of particular carbohydrate components in their respective diets.
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PMID:Diet and carbohydrate digestion in the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle Psacothea hilaris. 1277 Apr 76

The digestive tract of the cockroach, Blaberus craniifer Burmeister, contains amylase, alpha- and beta-glucosidases, beta-fructofuranosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidases, but no cellulase. The most active site of hydrolytic action is the midgut, followed by the foregut, hindgut, salivary gland tissue, and Malpighian tubules.
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PMID:CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION IN THE COCKROACH. 1404 66

Two experiments with young pigs (25 d of age) were conducted to investigate the effect of multienzyme preparations on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and P utilization and excretion. In Exp. 1, 24 pigs (six pigs per treatment) were used in a 28-d performance and digestibility trial using four diets: control (no enzyme) and control supplemented with enzyme preparation A, B, or C. The control diet was formulated to meet 95% of NRC (1998) nutrient specifications (except for available P, which was at 44% NRC) and composed of corn, wheat, wheat by-products, barley, soybean meal, canola meal, and peas. All three enzyme preparations contained xylanase, glucanase, amylase, protease, invertase, and phytase activities and differed in the type of plant cell wall-degrading activities; Enzyme A contained cellulase, galactanase, and mannanase; Enzyme B contained cellulase and pectinase; and Enzyme C contained cellulase, galactanase, mannanase, and pectinase. Pigs fed enzyme-supplemented diets had higher ADG (P = 0.02) and G:F (P = 0.01) than those fed the control diet. On average, and when compared with control diet, enzyme supplementation improved (P = 0.001 to 0.04) ileal digestibility of DM (60 vs. 66%), GE (62.8 vs. 70.4%), CP (62 vs. 72%), starch (86.7 vs. 94.2%), nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; 10.1 vs. 17.6%), and phytate (59 vs. 70%). Compared with the control, total-tract digestibility of nutrients was increased (P = 0.001 to 0.01) owing to enzyme supplementation, with Enzyme C showing the highest improvement in DM, GE, CP, starch, NSP, phytate, and P utilization. Pigs fed enzyme-supplemented diets had decreased (P = 0.04) fecal P excretion. The benefit from improved nutrient utilization with enzyme supplementation was further substantiated in a 38-d growth performance study with 48 pigs. The control and Enzyme C-supplemented diets (same as Exp. 1) were assigned to six replicate pens (four pigs per pen). The study was conducted in three phases (Phase 1 = d 0 to 7; Phase 2 = d 7 to 21; Phase 3 = d 21 to 38). Individual BW and pen feed disappearance were monitored. Average daily gain and G:F were 231 and 257 g (P = 0.01), and 0.56 and 0.63 (P = 0.001) for the control and enzyme-supplemented diets, respectively. It is evident from this study that the use of enzyme preparations may allow for cost-effective and environmentally friendly formulation of young pig diets.
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PMID:Dietary supplementation with multienzyme preparations improves nutrient utilization and growth performance in weaned pigs. 1508 Mar 27

This paper studied the effect of 200 micromol x mol(-1) CO2 elevation on soil saccharidase activities and soil nutrient contents under rice-wheat rotation. The results showed that under both wheat and rice planting, CO2 elevation increased soil invertase activity. The elevated CO2 significantly increased soil xylanase activity at the jointing, heading and ripening stages of wheat and at the heading and ripening stages of rice, and slightly decreased soil cellulase activity. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly linear positive relationship between soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and soil invertase activity.
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PMID:[Response of soil saccharidase activities to free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) under rice-wheat rotation]. 1536 27

The enzymological studies on the sediment of the accumulation lake that has the main purpose of supplying drinking water to the city of Cluj-Napoca and the nearby villages, were aimed at the comprehensive understanding of the complex processes that happen in these habitats of special significance. In the sediment samples the following enzymatic activities have been quantitatively determined: phosphatase, actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, urease and protease. Non-enzymatic catalytic activity was also measured. Based on the relative values for the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicator of the sediment quality (EISQ) was calculated (ranging from 0.1 to 0.7). The enzymatic activities have been qualitatively determined for maltase, saccharase, lactase, cellobiase, amylase, dextranase, levanase, cellulase and inulinase. The correlation between the enzymatic and bacteriologic potential was statistically calculated.
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PMID:The enzymatic activity from the sediment of the Gilau dam reservoir - Cluj county. 1662 16

Soil properties, microbial communities and enzyme activities were studied in soil amended with replicase (RP)-transgenic or non-transgenic papaya under field conditions. Compared with non-transgenic papaya, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in total nitrogen in soils grown with transgenic papaya. There were also significant differences (P<0.05) in the total number of colony forming units (CFUs) of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi between soils amended with RP-transgenic plants and non-transgenic plants. Compared with non-transgenic papaya, the total CFUs of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil with transgenic papaya increased by 0.43-1.1, 0.21-0.80 and 0.46-0.73 times respectively. Significantly higher (P<0.05) CFUs of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi resistant to kanamycin (Km) were obtained in soils with RP-transgenic papaya than those with non-transgenic papaya in all concentrations of Km. Higher resistance quotients for Kmr (kanamycin resistant) bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were found in soil planted with RP-transgenic papaya, and the resistance quotients for Kmr bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soils with transgenic papaya increased 1.6-4.46, 0.63-2.5 and 0.75-2.30 times. RP-transgenic papaya and non-transgenic papaya produced significantly different enzyme activities in arylsulfatase (5.4-5.9x), polyphenol oxidase (0.7-1.4x), invertase (0.5-0.79x), cellulase (0.23-0.35x) and phosphodiesterase (0.16-0.2x). The former three soil enzymes appeared to be more sensitive to the transgenic papaya than the others, and could be useful parameters in assessing the effects of transgenic papaya. Transgenic papaya could alter soil chemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial communities.
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PMID:Field released transgenic papaya effect on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities. 1858 57


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