Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rat small bowel was perfused in vivo and ex vivo in the absence of biliary and pancreatic secretion. Intraluminal release of sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase and enterokinase was significantly increased after administration of PG E1 and E2 1 and 5 microgram/kg. This suggests a direct stimulation of the intestinal mucosa, which might be mediated through cyclic AMP; dibutyryl cAMP significantly stimulates intraluminal release of proteins, sucrase and enterokinase.
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PMID:Prostaglandins E1 and E2 stimulate release of intestinal brush border enzymes. 90 72

From an homogeneous breeding one can occasionnally select a rat (rat +) showing an exceptionally high calcium absorption. For such a rat, high calcium absorption is accompained by a similar high alkaline phosphatase activity in the ileum. This fact was shown in six different assays. For rat +, this enzymatic excitation seems specific for intestinal phosphatase. Other characteristic enzymes of brush border such as maltase, invertase and leucylaminopeptidase do not vary much. Only slight modifications of phosphatase activity were observed in other organs or tissues: plasma, kidney, bone. The variations for liver are more important but unsignificant. The high calcium absorption is related to alkaline phosphatase. It is observed atdifferent steps of the preperation and can be increased by sorbitol, this last property being characteristic of the enzyme. The aptitude of a rat + for high calcium absorption is only momentany. When it goes back to usual calcium utilization, intestinal mucosa shows a normal phosphatasic activity.
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PMID:[New correlation between absorption of calcium and activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatases]. 93 Dec 62

Follow-up studies on 36 children, in whom celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy) was established by gluten challenge, were carried out after management on gluten-free diets for a mean of six years. Evaluations included measurement of height and weight, which for the group approximated normal distributions, and histologic examination of the duodenal or jejunal mucosa. Mucosal morphology was regarded as normal in 16, and there were minimal changes in 20. Epithelial cell height was within the normal range in all the children. Interepithelial lymphocytes were within normal range in the majority and lymphoid cells in the lamina propria were not different from those in control subjects. Mucosal lactase was significantly lower in patients than in control subjects in the duodenum and the jejunum, whereas sucrase and alkaline phosphatase values were significantly lower in the jejunum but not in the duodenum. Low content of mucosal lactase and increased numbers of interepithelial lymphocytes may be sensitive indicators of persisting ingestion of gluten in mucosa that is otherwise normal or approximately so in appearance.
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PMID:Mucosal recovery in treated childhood celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy). 95 66

Endogeneous hyperglucagonemia is observed in experimental diabetes mellitus and semistarvation, conditions associated with an increased intestinal absorptive function. To examine whether glucagon might exert a similar adaptive response on intestinal digestive-absorptive function like experimental diabetes mellitus the effect of chronic glucagon administration on intestinal transport of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, water, sodium, potassium, and D-glucose induced transmural potential difference (PD) was examined by an in vivo perfusion technique in rat small intestine. Chronic administration of glucagon (100 mug twice daily) for 5 days resulted in increased absorption of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, water, sodium and potassium as well as in an increase of D-glucose induced PD. A similar, but more pronounced augmentation of D-glucose induced PD was observed in the jejunum of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Disaccharidase (maltase, sucrase, trehalase, lactase) and alkaline phosphatase activities were not affected in intestinal mucosa of glucagon-treated rats compared to controls. It cannot be decided from these results whether hyperglucagonemia is responsible for the adaptive intestinal changes observed in experimental diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effect of chronic glucagon-administration on the digestive and absorptive function of rat small intestine in vivo. 98 1

The experiments on dogs have shown that during 3-5 weeks after resection of 1/3 and 2/3 of the pancreas the total amount of the excreted intestinal juice and the content of proper enteric enzymes in it (enterokinase, alkaline phosphatase and saccharase) are decreased. According to the author's data the activity of intestinal juice amylase and lipase being enzymes mostly of the pancreatic origin, transferred in the small intestine from blood, is enhanced due to impairment of the histo-hematic barrier in the region of the resected pancreatic stump. 2-3 months following resection of 2/3 of the pancreatic gland the amount of excreted intestinal juice was nearly unchanged, but the content of proper enteric enzymes was somewhat increased, as compared with background indices.
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PMID:[Secretory activity of the small intestine after resection of the pancreas]. 101 22

Duodenal brush border membrane proteins were studied in chicks at different developmental stages. The protein pattern obtained from polyacrylamide gels with 2-day-old chick preparations was distinctly different from that obtained with 20-day embryos. The most remarkable changes were seen in the region of a protein with an Rf of 0.25, an area with high sucrase and maltase maltase activity, and in the region of a protein with an Rf of 0.28, which was characterized by alkaline phosphatase activity. These proteins reacted strongly with carbohydrate stain after hatching.
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PMID:Proteins of chick duodenal brush borders during developmental changes. 102 55

Activities of the small intestinal mucosal enzymes lactase, sucrase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were studied in rats with surgically-induced upper intestinal stasis and in control animals. The first four are brush border enzymes, the latter a lysosomal enzyme. There was a reduction in the activities of all enzymes in the operated animals. The change lining was significant and most marked in mucosa the blind loop and gut distal to it; areas in which there is gross bacterial overgrowth and excessive levels of intraluminal deconjugated bile salts. The significance of these findings in relation to malabsorption consequent on bacterial contamination of the upper gut is uncertain and requires further study.
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PMID:Effect of stasis on intestinal enzyme activities. 105 24

Lactase and cellobiase were detectable in the fetal intestine by the 3rd month of gestation, and although there was little change by the 9th month, maximal levels were reached at birth and steadily declined after 4 months. Conversely maltase, sucrase and trehalase were barely discernible in the fetus, maltase being present at low levels at birth, but all increased during the suckling period to attain adult levels by 7 months of age. Alkaline phosphatase activity matured earlier than did disaccharidase activity. Mucosal enzymes other than alkaline phosphatase were virtually absent from meconium and the large intestine. Continued ingestion of lactose could be detrimental in foals suffering from severe diarrhoea.
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PMID:The development and distribution of mucosal enzymes in the small intestine of the fetus and young foal. 106 Aug 71

Digestive enzymatic activities (disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, peptide hydrolases) have been determined in the mucosa of 14 patients with chronic pancreatitis. All had an abnormal secretin-pancreozymin test. Four patients had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, four a pathological glucose tolerance test. Nine patients had steatorrhoea. Maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly elevated in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, whereas those of lactase, trehalase, and peptide hydrolase were normal. Patients with steatorrhoea had higher maltase and sucrase activity than those without steatorrhoea, whereas decreased glucose tolerance had no effect on brush border enzymatic activity. It is suggested thatdecreased exocrine rather than decreased endocrine pancreatic function is responsible for the increase in intestinal disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase activity, possible by the influence of pacreatic enzymes on the turnover of brush border enzymes from the luminal side of the mucosal membranes or by direct hormonal stimulation though cholecystokinin.
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PMID:Influence of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function on intestinal brush border enaymatic activities. 109 2

The relationship between enzyme activity, cell geometry, and the ploidy levels has been investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Diploid cells have 1.57 times the volume of haploid cells under nonlimiting growth conditions (minimal medium). However, when diploid cells are grown under conditions of carbon limitation, they have the same volume as haploid cells. Thus, by altering the environmental conditions, cell size can be varied independently of the degree of ploidy. The results indicate that the basic biochemical parameters of the cell are primarily determined by cell geometry rather than ploidy level. RNA content, protein content, and ornithine transcarbamylase (carbamoylphosphate: L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3), tryptophan synthetase [L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole), EC 4.2.1.20], and invertase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, Ec 3.2.1.20) activity are related to cell volume, whereas acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.2) activity, a cell surface enzyme, is related to the surface area of the cells. Fitness is determined by the activity of certain cell surface enzymes, such as acid phosphatase, diploids would be expected to have a lower fitness than haploids because of the lower surface area/volume ratio. However, when fitness is determined by the activity of an internal enzyme, diploids would be expected to have the same fitness as haploids. Results from competition experiments between haploids and diploids are consistent with these predictions. The significance of these results to the evolution of diploidy as the predominant phase of the life cycle of higher plants and animals is discussed.
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PMID:The relationship between enzyme activity, cell geometry, and fitness in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 109 69


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