Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To examine age-related changes in the morphology of intestinal brush border membrane (BBM; microvilli) and specific activities of intestinal BBM enzymes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), and disacchridase, four groups of Wistar rats were sacrificed at 2.5 wk, 5 wk, 5 mon and 23 mon. In an electron microscopic examination, morphologically a less dense BBM structure in the duodenum of rats aged 23 mon was observed than that of rats aged 5 mon. Specific activity of ALP in the duodenum from 5-mon-old rats was significantly higher than from rats aged 2.5 wk and 23 mon. The mucosal tissues from 5-wk-old rats had significantly higher specific activity of gamma-GT than did tissues from the other ages. In sucrase and maltase specific activities, 5-mon-old rats had higher activities of these enzymes than other age groups, especially 2.5-wk- and 23-mon-old rats. There was also a significant effect of site on intestinal BBM enzyme activities in post-weanling rats. Regional gradients of ALP and gamma-GT along the entire small intestine (duodenum > jejunum > ileum) were remarkable. Disaccharidase activities peaked in the jejunum and declined toward both the duodenum and ileum. Taken together the result obtained here suggested that 5-mon-old rats had the most elevated intestinal function. This result also strongly indicated that the structure of the intestinal BBM and development of intestinal BBM enzymes in Wistar rate were markedly influenced by age during the postnatal period.
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PMID:Influence of age on duodenal brush border membrane and specific activities of brush border membrane enzymes in Wistar rats. 1110 54

The effect of dietary hydrogenated fat (Indian vanaspati) high in trans fatty acids (6 en%) on lipid composition, fluidity and function of rat intestinal brush border membrane was studied at 2 and 8 en% of linoleic acid. Three groups of weanling rats were fed rice-pulse based diet containing 10% fat over a ten week period: Group I (groundnut oil), Group II (vanaspati), Group III (vanaspati + safflower oil). The functionality of the brush border membrane was assessed by the activity of membrane bound enzymes and transport of D-glucose and L-leucine. The levels of total cholesterol and phospholipids were similar in all groups. The data on fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids showed that, at 2 en% of linoleic acid in the diet, trans fatty acids lowered arachidonic acid and increased linoleic acid contents indicating altered polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased while the activities of sucrase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and transport of D-glucose and L-leucine were not altered by dietary trans fatty acids. However at higher intake of linoleic acid in the diet, trans fatty acids have no effect on polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and alkaline phosphatase activity of intestinal brush border membrane. These data suggest that feeding dietary fat high in trans fatty acids is associated with alteration in intestinal brush border membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and alkaline phosphatase activity only when the dietary linoleic acid is low.
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PMID:Influence of dietary partially hydrogenated fat high in trans fatty acids on lipid composition and function of intestinal brush border membrane in rats. 1118 55

The effect of intestinal colonization with Bifidobacterium bifidum (Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium colonizing the intestine of healthy new-born mammals, exhibiting a probiotic effect, protecting the intestinal mucosa against colonization by pathogenic microflora) on enterocyte brush-border enzymes was examined in weaned 23-d- and in 2-month-old gnotobiotic inbred mice and compared with that in corresponding germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) controls. The two groups of GF mice were associated with human B. bifidum 11 d before the end of the experiment. Specific activity of enterocyte brush-border enzymes--lactase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was significantly higher in both age groups of GF mice in comparison with CV ones; on the other hand, sucrase and glucoamylase activities were higher in CV mice. Monoassociation with B. bifidum accelerates biochemical maturation of enterocytes resulting in a shift of specific activities of brush-border enzymes between the values found for GF and CV mice. This effect of B. bifidum supplementation was less pronounced for alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, glucoamylase and dipeptidyl peptidase i.v. in immature gut of weaned mice than of 2-month-old ones.
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PMID:Bifidobacterium bifidum monoassociation of gnotobiotic mice: effect on enterocyte brush-border enzymes. 1189 51

A nonpathogenic bacterium of external environment possessing remarkable immunomodulatory activity, Bacillus firmus (BF) inactivated with formaldehyde, was given intragastrically to two genetically different mouse strains BALB/c (H-2d) and B10.BR/SnPh (B10.BR, H-2k) reared in conventional (CV) and B10.BR strain also in germ-free (GF) conditions. Repeated intragastric administration of BF (500 micrograms every other day over two weeks, starting at the age of 3 months) significantly enhanced intestinal IgA levels in CV BALB/c mice but did not affect intestinal IgA in CV B10.BR mice. In GF B10.BR mice, IgG levels in sera and intestinal washings increased after BF administration compared to CV B10.BR mice. In CV BALB/c mice, specific activity of enterocyte brush-border enzymes (lactase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase) decreased after BF treatment; sucrase (sucrose alpha-glucosidase) activity was not affected. On the other hand, in B10.BR mice, specific activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were higher after administration of BF in both CV and GF groups relative to untreated controls. The activities of lactase and glucoamylase (glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase) were significantly stimulated only in the group of GF B10.BR mice treated with formolized BF. The stimulation of immunoglobulin production after BF treatment was accompanied by changes in the levels of enterocyte brush-border enzymes; this responsiveness to BF treatment was genetically regulated.
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PMID:Differential effect of Bacillus firmus on immune response and enterocyte brush-border enzyme levels in BALB/c and B10.BR mice. 1263 Mar 33

A disturbance of the integrity of the intestinal epithelium with an increased risk for bacterial translocation is one of the suggested factors underlying the increased incidence of infections and septicaemia during vitamin A deficiency. In the present study the effects of vitamin A deficiency on the enzymic activity of enterocytes in response to bacterial colonization with a non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain were studied in monocolonized and conventional Wistar rats. The monocolonized, but not the conventional, vitamin A-deficient rats had markedly reduced weight compared to their pair-fed controls and presented neurological symptoms, such as hind leg weakness, tremor and slow gait. Moreover, only in the monocolonized vitamin A-deficient rats were severe diarrhoea and bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites-mainly kidneys-detected. Measurements of enterocyte brush-border enzyme activities revealed that lactase, sucrase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) were significantly reduced in the monocolonized vitamin A-deficient rats compared to the pair-fed controls, indicating a severe functional disturbance of the enterocytes. In conventional vitamin A-deficient rats only sucrase activity was markedly lower than in the respective controls. Our observation, that the deficient vitamin A status led to a strong reduction of enterocyte enzymic activities, associated with diarrhoea and increased bacterial translocation, mainly in the gnotobiotic rats, suggests that the composition of the bacterial flora, i.e. the colonization state, has a strong influence on triggering the severity of the functional disturbances of the intestinal epithelium, and adds to the clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency.
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PMID:Vitamin A deficiency leads to severe functional disturbance of the intestinal epithelium enzymes associated with diarrhoea and increased bacterial translocation in gnotobiotic rats. 1273 96

The present study was planned to observe the effect of protein-energy malnutrition on the gastric and duodenal mucosa. The activities of digestive enzymes (i.e. lactase, sucrase, maltase, trehalase, glucoamylase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) from the gastric (fundus, body and antrum) and duodenal mucosa [i.e. first (D1) and second (D2) part of the duodenum] were determined in 6 control, 6 protein-energy malnourished (PEM) and 6 rehabilitated young rhesus monkeys. There was a significant increase in the activity of the lactase enzyme in the antrum, and D1 and D2 portions of the duodenum of PEM monkeys, while the activity of all other enzymes was significantly increased in the D1 and D2 portions only. The increase in the activity of the above-mentioned enzymes became normal upon rehabilitation. There was no change in the enzyme activities of the gastric mucosa in mild-to-moderate PEM states. This study demonstrates that even mild-to-moderate malnutrition states affect the activity of enzymes in the gastric and duodenal mucosa. Enzyme activity recovers on rehabilitation.
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PMID:Effect of malnutrition on the digestive enzymes of the upper gastrointestinal tract of young rhesus monkeys. 1297 10

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mild-to-moderate protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and rehabilitation on the digestive enzymes of the large bowel in young rhesus monkeys. The presence of these enzymes has already been reported in the large bowel by many authors. The activities of the digestive enzymes, i.e. lactase, sucrase, maltase, trehalase, glucoamylase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, from different parts of the large bowel were determined in 6 controls, 6 PEM and 6 rehabilitated young rhesus monkeys. These monkeys had been used to study the effect of malnutrition on the small intestine and the results have already been published. There was a significant decrease in the sucrase in the ascending colon (p < 0.05); maltase in all the parts of the large bowel (p < 0.05); and glucoamylase activities (p < 0.05) in the caecum segment of the large bowel in the PEM group. The activity of other enzymes, i.e. lactase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase, was unaffected in the PEM group. The changes in the enzyme activities recovered on rehabilitation of 21 weeks. The result of this study suggest that even mild-to-moderate malnutrition affects the enzyme activity of the large bowel, which recovers on rehabilitation.
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PMID:Effects of malnutrition on the digestive enzymes of the large bowel of young rhesus monkeys. 1516 29

The effect of feeding lead (50 mg kg(-1) body weight) daily for 7 days on the development of various brush border enzymes in the intestine has been studied. The activities of brush border sucrase (P < 0.001), lactase (P < 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P < 0.05) and leucine aminopeptidase were reduced (P < 0.05), whereas the alkaline phosphatase level was augmented (P < 0.05) in lead fed rats compared with controls. Kinetic studies with sucrase revealed a low Vmax (0.224 in control and 0.160 units mg(-1) protein in lead exposed) with no change in Km (12.6-13.5 mM). Western blot analysis for alkaline phosphatase yielded intense staining of enzyme protein in lead fed rats compared with controls, however, the intensity of the antigen signal was reversed for sucrase under these conditions. These findings suggest that ingestion of lead may interfere with the crypt cell differentiation process thus affecting enzyme functions in the rat intestine.
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PMID:Expression of brush border enzymes in response to lead exposure in rat intestine. 1609 86

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of fiber source and concentration on morphological characteristics, mucin staining pattern, and mucosal enzyme activities in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. The experiment included 50 pigs from 10 litters weaned at 4 wk of age (BW 8.6 +/- 1.4 kg) and divided into 5 treatment groups. Diets containing fiber of various physico-chemical properties and concentrations were formulated to contain 73, 104, or 145 g of dietary fiber/kg of DM. The diets were based on raw wheat and barley flours. Pectin and barley hulls, representing soluble and insoluble fiber sources, respectively, were used to increase the fiber concentration. The pigs were fed the experimental diets for 9 d, and then the pigs were euthanized and the entire gastrointestinal tract was removed. Tissue samples were taken from the mid and distal small intestine and from the mid colon. Inclusion of pectin in the diets significantly decreased (P < 0.001) ADFI and ADG compared with pigs fed no pectin. The villi and the crypts were shorter in pigs fed pectin-containing diets, but the villous height/crypt depth ratio was unaltered. Pectin significantly decreased the area of mucins in the crypts of the small intestine, indicating that the pigs fed the pectin-containing diet would probably be more susceptible to pathogenic bacteria, although this cannot be separated from the impact on ADFI. The lectin-binding pattern of the intestinal mucosa was unaffected by diet. The activity of lactase and maltase was increased in pigs fed diets with high fiber content, whereas sucrase activity was increased in pigs fed the pectin-containing diets. The activity of the peptidases, aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV, was increased when feeding high fiber diets, whereas the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase remained unaffected by the experimental diets. In conclusion, the reduced feed intake observed with the pectin-containing diets could explain the lower villous height and crypt depth observed in this study. However, direct effects of pectin also are possible, and thus further study is warranted. Feeding pigs high insoluble fiber diets improved gut morphology by increasing villi length and increased mucosal enzyme activity when compared with pigs fed pectin-containing diets. The mucin content as determined by staining characteristics suggests that pigs fed high insoluble fiber diets might be better protected against pathogenic bacteria than pigs fed diets high in soluble fiber.
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PMID:Intestinal morphology and enzymatic activity in newly weaned pigs fed contrasting fiber concentrations and fiber properties. 1669 94

The effect of feeding nickel (50 mg kg(-1) body weight) daily for 7 days was studied on the development of various brush border enzymes across the crypt-villus axis. The activities of brush border maltase (P < 0.05), lactase (P < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) and leucine amino peptidase (P < 0.05) were augmented in purified brush borders, whereas sucrase, trehlase (P < 0.01) and glutamyl transpeptidase (P < 0.05) were reduced in nickel fed animals compared with controls. Kinetic and heat inactivation studies with brush border sucrase and alkaline phosphatase confirmed these findings. Western blot analysis of alkaline phosphatase showed a strong signal for the enzyme protein but a reduced level of sucrase antigen in nickel fed rat intestine compared with the controls. These findings suggest that the expression of various brush border enzymes along the crypt-villus axis is modulated in rat intestine exposed to nickel, which may disrupt the digestive functions of the intestinal tissue.
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PMID:Alterations in the expression of intestinal enzymes in rats exposed to nickel. 1681 62


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