Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An investigation was conducted on the influence of the presence of zinc in an elemental diet on the mucosa of residual intestine after massive small bowel resection. A total of 34 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: control animals (n = 10) were killed after overnight fasting; a second group (n = 14) underwent massive small bowel resection preserving 10 cm of terminal ileum, and the third group (n = 10) underwent sham operation. Animals in the second and third groups were fed either a commercially available elemental diet or a zinc-deficient diet for 2 weeks; they were then killed. In animals receiving the zinc-deficient diet, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was noted in plasma zinc and total protein, and in mucosal wet weight (duodenum), thickness (duodenum and ileum), and protein (duodenum) and DNA (duodenum) content. Mucosal sucrase and maltase specific activities in the duodenum and ileum fell but diamine oxidase levels did not. These results suggest that zinc plays an important role in intestinal adaptation in the rat, and indicate that this trace element is essential for intestinal mucosal preservation in this animal.
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PMID:Zinc-deficient diet impairs adaptive changes in the remaining intestine after massive small bowel resection in the rat. 142 69

The effects of increasing environmental temperature and of exercise on some biochemical characteristics of the intestinal mucosa were analyzed in hamsters to determine whether damage occurs to the intestine during exercise, because long-distance runners complain of cramp, diarrhea, or retrostaltic symptoms, especially when exercise is performed at high temperatures. Two sets of experiments were carried out on groups of five animals. First, one group stayed at rest at 20 degrees C while another group performed exercise for 30 min at the same temperature. Second, one group of animals remained at rest at 20 degrees C for 16 h, a second group was placed at 32 degrees C for the same period, and a third group was subjected to the latter treatment but in addition performed two 20-min exercises. The animals were killed immediately after the experiment. After the small bowel was removed, biopsies were taken for histological examination, and the remaining small bowel tissue was homogenized for biochemical analysis. During exercise performed at 20 degrees C or during exposure to 32 degrees C, the DNA weight (expressed as a function of the protein weight) increased; the specific activity of sucrase, leucine aminopeptidase, diamine oxidase, and maltase decreased; spermine and putrescine content generally decreased; and the weight of mucosal proteins per length of intestine did not vary significantly. When exercise was performed at 32 degrees C, we noted few modifications in the values of the intestinal parameters tested, i.e., changes in only the weight of mucosa expressed as a function of bowel length and, perhaps, the spermine or putrescine content.
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PMID:Effects of environmental temperature and exercise on the biochemical characteristics of hamster intestine. 202 50

The human colon carcinoma cell line CaCo-2, grown in vitro under standard culture conditions and in the absence of differentiation inducers, spontaneously exhibits structural and functional characteristics of mature small bowel enterocytes. Differentiation is complete at late confluency. High activities of ornithine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase are present in enterocytes. Although these enzymes are involved in polyamine metabolism and therefore in cell replication, their function in small bowel epithelium remains to be defined. In this study ornithine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase activities were assessed in CaCo-2 cells at different stages of proliferation and differentiation. Diamine oxidase was also assayed in spent culture media to assess its spontaneous release by CaCo-2 cells. The trigger effect of medium replacement on ornithine decarboxylase activity was also investigated. Cell growth and cell cycle kinetics were determined by hemocytometric cell count and [3H]thymidine labeling index. Sucrase activity was assayed to evaluate brush-border functional maturation. Elevated ornithine decarboxylase activity was recorded during the replication phase (highest value 0.3 +/- 0.02 U/mg) characterized by high thymidine labeling index (43%), and was greatly enhanced by medium replacement (2.1 +/- 0.3 U/mg). Diamine oxidase activity was low in both cells and medium during the active phase of cell growth, and during the differentiation period it progressively increased (highest value 499 +/- 78 U/mg) along with sucrase activity. The high diamine oxidase activity recorded in the medium (highest value 1292 +/- 310 U/ml) and the evidence of diamine oxidase secretion through the basolateral membrane of the cells cultured on porous filters support the hypothesis of an extracellular role of intestinal diamine oxidase. The CaCo-2 cell line, which shows several analogies with small bowel enterocytes, can be proposed as an interesting in vitro model for studying many aspects of cell replication and differentiation depending on polyamine metabolism.
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PMID:Ornithine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase in human colon carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 in culture. 250

In C57 mice, during the third week after birth, there is a rapid conversion of the intestinal epithelium from fetal to mature adult status. Some characteristics (lactase, maltase, diamine oxidase, and sucrase activity; putrescine, spermine and spermidine concentrations; mitotic index) have been analyzed for the proximal, middle, and distal parts of the intestine in mice of different ages: 8, 15, 19, and 60 days. The most important observations recorded were as follows: (a) sucrase- and maltase-specific activities as well as spermine and spermidine contents increased abruptly on the 19th postnatal day and then decreased; (b) decrease of lactase and diamine oxidase-specific activity was recorded between the 15th and 19th postnatal days, (c) later, diamine oxidase-specific activity increased, whereas putrescine content decreased in the proximal part of the intestine; and (d) mitotic index was not significantly different when estimated for the crypts on days 11 and 19. No similar variations of these biochemical parameters were observed over a period of 3 days when mice were injected with thyroxine on the 8th day or when mice received putrescine per os on the 9th day, as explained in the text. Only a slight but significant variation in sucrase- or maltase-specific activity with thyroxine and a variation of the lactase or DAO-specific activity of the distal part of the intestine with putrescine were recorded.
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PMID:Evolution of some biochemical characteristics of the intestinal mucosa during the first postnatal weeks in C57 mice. Effects of thyroxine and putrescine. 251 67

There is a reported association between administration of prenatal glucocorticoids and a decreased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in human infants. In rats, the degree of ischemic bowel disease correlates negatively with intestinal diamine oxidase (E.C. 1.4.3.6) activity. Since the administration of hydrocortisone, thyroxine, or phenobarbital to newborn rat pups affects the development of intestinal enzymes, we were interested in knowing whether hydrocortisone, thyroxine, or phenobarbital specifically affect intestinal diamine oxidase activity. We injected rat pups with hydrocortisone sodium succinate, 1-thyroxine pentahydrate, sodium salt, sodium phenobarbital, or the control solution on days 4, 6, 8, or 10 of life (phenobarbital, days 3, 5, 7, or 9). Pups were injected 3 days consecutively (phenobarbital, 4 days), and all were sacrificed on days 7, 9, 11, and 13. Intestinal diamine oxidase and intestinal invertase (E.C. 3.2.1.26) activities were measured. Invertase was used as a control enzyme because it is known to be induced by glucocorticoid hormones. We found that the hydrocortisone-injected pups had 10-fold higher specific activity of invertase than the saline-injected animals. Diamine oxidase activity was significantly higher in the group receiving hydrocortisone and sacrificed on days 7, 9, and 11. Enzyme activity in both the hydrocortisone-injected and saline-injected groups was equal on day 13, as was enzyme activity on all days in the thyroxine-injected and sodium hydroxide-injected groups, and the phenobarbital-injected and the saline-injected groups. Our results suggest that diamine oxidase activity may be induced by hydrocortisone, but is not affected by thyroxine or phenobarbital.
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PMID:The effect of hydrocortisone, thyroxine, and phenobarbital on diamine oxidase activity in newborn rat intestine. 310 23

In the present study, the protective effect of PGE2 on intestinal damage in indomethacin-treated adult rats was investigated. Ileal integrity was evaluated making use of different biochemical and histological parameters: activities of sucrase, maltase and diamine oxidase; concentrations of DNA, putrescine, spermidine and spermine; incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA; mitotic index and mucosal thickness. Results expressed per g of mucosal weight, showed that: maltase and diamine oxidase activities as well as DNA, spermidine and spermine concentrations decreased markedly in indomethacin-treated rats when compared to control rats; the decrease of maltase activity as well as DNA, spermidine and spermine concentration was less pronounced in PGE2-treated rats when compared to indomethacin-treated rats; 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA and mitotic index values showed no significant variation in the course of different treatments; mucosal thickness increased strongly, in PGE2-protected rats. We suggest that PGE2 could protect the rat's intestinal mucosa against the effects of indomethacin through a trophic action on intestinal villi.
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PMID:Effect of prostaglandin E2 on the small intestine of indomethacin-treated rats. 311 78

We studied the activity and kinetic parameters of microvillous enzymes in intestinal villous cells and the concentration of the secretory component (SC) of p-immunoglobulin A in subcellular fractions of crypt cells in 35-day-old rats made iron deficient from birth and in controls. The aim of the study is to investigate the biochemical basis for the decreased activity of brush-border disaccharidases observed in growing animals with chronic iron deficiency. In rats made iron deficient, the specific (per unit protein) and the total (per total intestinal length) activities of sucrase, lactase, maltase, aminopeptidase, and diamine oxidase were decreased from -17 to -66% compared with the activities measured in the controls. The lower activity of sucrase in the brush-border membrane of the iron-deficient rats was associated with much slower enzyme synthesis rate than in control animals. Km of sucrase was identical in both iron-deficient rats and controls, but the maximum velocity of enzyme reaction was reduced proportionally to the enzymatic activity, indicating a lesser amount of enzyme rather than an inactivation. Electron microscopy of epithelial villous cells from iron-deficient rats revealed a marked rarefaction of secretory granules (transport vesicles) without apparent change in the morphology of the brush-border membrane or of cellular organelles. In villus and crypt cells isolated from the jejunum of iron-deficient rats, SC concentration was reduced to a level about half that of the controls. When SC concentration was measured in subcellular fractions of crypt cells, SC content in each fraction was two to three times lower in iron-deprived rats than in controls without evidence of accumulation of the protein at a given subcellular level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alteration of intracellular synthesis of surface membrane glycoproteins in small intestine of iron-deficient rats. 378 40

A relationship between disaccharidase and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities was looked for by measuring these enzyme activities in histologically normal small intestinal biopsies of 18 children. The range for disaccharidase activities expressed in U g-1 wet weight was 0.1-5.7, 7.1-36.7, and 2.3-8.5 for lactase, maltase, and sucrase, respectively. The range for DAO activities expressed in nmol h-1 g-1 wet weight was 202-974. Significant correlations were found between disaccharidase and DAO activities (lactase versus DAO: n = 17, r = 0.80, P less than 0.001; maltase versus DAO: n = 18, r = 0.70, P less than 0.001; sucrase versus DAO: n = 18, r = 0.55, P less than 0.05). Our results further support the hypothesis that DAO is a marker of small intestinal functional integrity in children.
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PMID:Diamine oxidase and disaccharidase activities in small intestinal biopsies of children. 643 12

Diamine oxidase (histaminase) is an enzyme found in high concentrations in the intestinal mucosa of humans and other mammalian species. We investigated whether plasma and mucosal levels of diamine oxidase activity reflect both the maturational status of the mucosa during its development in the newborn rate and the degree of mucosal damage during its injury in the adult rat. Litter mates were reared under identical conditions and killed at different ages from day 0 to day 40 after birth. Diamine oxidase in the small intestine was low at birth, increased gradually with age, reached a peak at 22 d, and then remained at normal adult levels, similar to the developmental patterns of maltase and sucrase. Plasma diamine oxidase rose in parallel with intestinal levels (n = 500, r = 0.84, P less than 0.001), reached a peak at 24 d, and then remained at normal adult levels. Diamine oxidase activity in 15 nonintestinal tissues was less than 5% of ileal mucosal activity, and no nonintestinal activities showed increase with age. Adult rat intestinal loops were perfused with hyperosmolar sodium sulfate solutions to produce selective damage to villus mucosa. With increasing mucosal damage, there was a progressive decrease in the enzyme activities studied; first, lactase levels fell, then maltase and sucrase, and finally mucosal and plasma diamine oxidase activity levels fell. The decrease in plasma diamine oxidase reflected the degree of mucosal damage (n = 29, P less than 0.04). Diamine oxidase activity is thus unique among intestinal mucosal enzymes studied to date in that circulating levels can serve as a marker of mucosal maturation and integrity.
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PMID:Diamine oxidase (histaminase). A circulating marker for rat intestinal mucosal maturation and integrity. 677 69

Non-physiological amounts of oral polyamines have been reported to induce precocious gut maturation in rat pups. The aim of the present study was to investigate organ distribution and metabolic fate of orally administered stable-isotopically labelled polyamines in rat pups. Pups received tetradeuterium-labelled putrescine (Pu-d4; 3 mumol), spermidine (Sd-d4; 5 mumol), spermine (Sp-d4; 3 mumol), or physiological saline twice daily on postnatal days 7-10 or 12-15. They were killed on days 10 and 15. We determined activities of ileal lactase (EC 3.2.1.23), maltase (EC 3.2.1.20), sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48) and diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) and established villus and crypt lengths. Polyamines and their labelling percentages in organs were determined by GC and mass fragmentography. Treatments did not affect growth rate, but caused lower weights of liver, kidneys and heart. Maltase activity increased, lactase decreased, whereas sucrase and diamine oxidase did not change. Villus and crypt lengths increased. Organ polyamine pools were labelled to different extents. Irrespective of the orally administered polyamine, all organs contained Pu-d4, SD-d4 and Sp-d4. Administered Pu-d4 and Sd-d4 were recovered mainly as Sd-d4, whereas Sp-d4 was recovered as Sp-d4 and Sd-d4. Total polyamines in a caecum, colon and erythrocytes increased, but increases were only to a minor extent with regard to labelled polyamines. Our data confirm precocious gut maturation by exogenous polyamines. Putrescine appears to be limiting factor. The exogenous polyamines were distributed among all investigated organs. They are not only used for the synthesis of higher polyamines, but also retroconverted to their precursors. Changes in erythrocyte polyamine contents suggest precocious stimulation of erythropoiesis.
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PMID:Oral administration of deuterium-labelled polyamines to sucking rat pups: luminal uptake, metabolic fate and effects on gastrointestinal maturation. 938 89


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