Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lactase, maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the intestinal mucosa from 3 locations in the small intestine and 4 locations in the large intestine 1 year after extensive large-colon resection (group 1; n = 5) and 1 year after sham operation (group 2; n = 3) in horses. Lactase, maltase, and sucrase activities were similar (P greater than 0.05) between group-1 and group-2 horses in all locations measured in the intestinal tract. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the remaining large colon of group-1 horses was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than the activity in the large colon of group-2 horses. Decreased apparent digestion of phosphorus and a negative phosphorus balance are persistent features of large-colon resection in horses. Increases in alkaline phosphatase activity in the remaining colon of horses with extensive large-colon resection may be a specific functional adaptive mechanism that attempts to counteract the derangements in phosphorus metabolism.
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PMID:Alteration of intestinal enzyme activities associated with extensive large-colon resection in horses. 211 42

Dietary nucleoside (DN) as a precursor for nucleic acid synthesis may be important for rapidly dividing cells, since gut epithelial cells have limited capacity for de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis. We evaluated in a controlled blinded study the effect of added nucleosides, 0.8% by weight, given for 2 weeks, on gut growth and maturation in 20 weanling rats. Mucosal protein and DNA in the proximal intestinal segment were 50% and 77% higher, respectively, in the DN-supplemented group (n = 10; p less than 0.05). Villus height based on cell count was 25% greater in the DN group (p less than 0.05). Maltase activity was significantly greater in proximal, middle, and distal intestinal segments, and the largest increase, 87%, was seen in the proximal gut mucosa. The maltase/lactase ratio was also higher in this segment. Increases in sucrase were less prominent. Lactase was minimally affected. The pattern of change in disaccharidase activity suggests that DN may enhance gut growth and maturation of the intestine in the weanling rat, the effects being more pronounced in the proximal segment. Diets free of nucleosides and nitrogenous bases may have adverse effects on the gut.
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PMID:Effect of dietary nucleosides on growth and maturation of the developing gut in the rat. 235 83

In the last twenty years we have diagnosed 9 cases of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. In all the cases the diagnosis was made before 9 months of age and was confirmed by quantitative determination of sucrase-isomaltase activity in jejunal mucosal homogenates. Malnutrition and dehydration were frequent findings. In 3 cases there was clinical intolerance to dextrinomaltose and to glucose polymers. In the 6 cases in which were performed, abnormal breath H2 test after an oral sucrose load was found. Lactase activity was above the mean in all cases and an important decrease of maltase activity was demonstrated. The enzymatic deficiency persisted even though the clinical tolerance to sucrase improved with age.
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PMID:[Primary saccharose-isomaltose deficit: a 20-year case load]. 236 94

Lactase, sucrase and maltase activities in endoscopic biopsies from the second part of the duodenum were compared to those in Crosby capsule biopsies from the proximal jejunum. In patients with villous atrophy disaccharidase activities were reduced compared with histologically normal mucosa in the duodenum and jejunum. Disaccharidase activities were significantly lower in the duodenum than in the proximal jejunum of patients with histologically normal mucosa and in those with partial villous atrophy but not significantly different for total villous atrophy patients. Primary and secondary disaccharidase deficiencies can be identified in biopsies from the duodenum. Duodenal biopsy is a valid alternative to jejunal biopsy for the diagnosis of disaccharidase deficiency.
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PMID:Small bowel biopsy for disaccharidase levels: evidence that endoscopic forceps biopsy can replace the Crosby capsule. 250 14

Graded levels of hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HYD) (0, 18, 16 and 24 mg/kg BW) were injected into nursing piglets every other day (Exp. 1) or 24 mg of HYD/kg BW was administered 0, 2, 4 or 6 times during the treatment period (12 d) with equal time (6 d, 3 d or 2 d) between subsequent injections (Exp. 2). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was injected to provide 0, 5, 10 or 15 IU/kg BW (Exp. 3), or 15 IU ACTH/kg BW was injected 0, 1, 2 or 3 times (Exp. 4). The injection treatment periods were from d 14 to d 26 postpartum. Pancreatic and intestinal amylase activity was maximized by the highest dosage of HYD (24 mg) and ACTH (15 IU) when given at 2- or 4-d intervals, respectively (P less than .10). However, four injections of HYD administered 3 d apart optimized the activity of this enzyme in Exp. 2 (P less than .05). Intestinal sucrase and maltase were unresponsive to ACTH regardless of dosage or injection frequency (P greater than .10). The response of these two enzymes to HYD was inconsistent. Maltase activity was elevated (P less than .10) by the two most frequent injection treatments, and sucrase activity was simultaneously depressed. Lactase activity tended (P less than .15) to be depressed by the highest treatment level in all four experiments. Both dosage and frequency methods of increasing HYD administration resulted in hepatic and pancreatic hypertrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Response of digestive carbohydrases and growth to graded doses and administration frequency of hydrocortisone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in nursing piglets. 255 56

As maturation of the small intestine has similar features to an immunologically mediated reaction, we studied the effect of the immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A (CyA), on the development of the small intestine during weaning in the DA x PVG rat. Intestinal development was measured by villus area, crypt length, crypt cell production rate (CCPR), and disaccharidase activity. Rat pups received either cyclosporin A (7.5 mg/kg daily subcutaneously) or polyethoxylated castor oil (Cremophor, drug vehicle) subcutaneously from 12 days of age. Cremophor- and CyA-treated litters were killed at 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 days of age. CyA-treated animals had retarded weight gain, lower mesenteric lymph node and spleen weights, fewer intraepithelial lymphocytes, and reduced systemic secretion of rat mucosal mast cell protease II. CyA treatment retarded any increase in villus area, crypt length and CCPR until day 26 of age. Lactase activity was retained longer, and sucrase and maltase induction was delayed. We conclude that CyA retarded normal development of the small intestine, but some maturation still occurred at the end of weaning.
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PMID:The effect of cyclosporin A in delaying maturation of the small intestine during weaning in the rat. 270 83

The morphological maturation and the distribution of brush border hydrolase activities were studied in the small intestine and the colon in newborn babies of 28-38 weeks gestational age. Lactase and sucrase activities were higher at term with maximal activity in the proximal intestine. In contrast, aminopeptidase and glucoamylase exhibited maximum activity in the distal part of the small bowel. Glucoamylase activity was already significant in the small intestine and in the colon of the preterm newborn. Sucrase activity present in the proximal colon of the preterm dropped to a negligible amount at term, whereas aminopeptidase activity increased, reaching values found in the small intestine. The enzymic changes occurring in the intestinal tract were related to the morphological maturation of the mucosa from fetal to adult type during late gestation. Accelerated morphological and functional maturation was observed in one preterm infant nourished intravenously for 12 days, these processes being independent of the presence of nutrients in the intestine. At term, the distal part of the intestine seems to have increased digestive capacities for peptides and polysaccharides. We present evidence that full-term, and to a lesser extent preterm infants are able to hydrolyse glucose polymers.
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PMID:Longitudinal distribution of brush border hydrolases and morphological maturation in the intestine of the preterm infant. 308 71

Graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR) was induced in neonatal mice to produce crypt hyperplasia with and without stunted villi. Lactase activity was measured along individual villi of control and GvHR mice using quantitative cytochemistry. Lactase activity increased in control mice as enterocytes migrated over the lower part of the villus. This increase was followed by a period when lactase activity remained approximately constant. Effects produced by GvHR on this normal profile of development included an extension of the distance on the villus over which enterocytes could continue to increase lactase activity, a reduction in the time needed for an enterocyte to express lactase activity at maximal rate, and an overall decrease in the maximal lactase activity expressed by mature enterocytes. These effects have been quantified by fitting logistic curves to the experimental data. Parallel biochemical analyses of intestinal homogenates showed sucrase, isomaltase, trehalase and maltase activities to increase markedly 7-8 days after the injection of parental spleen cells. Attention is drawn to similarities between these results and steroid induced precocious development of intestinal function in neonatal mice.
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PMID:Selective effects of graft-versus-host reaction on disaccharidase expression by mouse jejunal enterocytes. 308 82

Bay o 1248 is a potent alpha-glycosidase inhibitor that reduces postprandial hyperglycemia when administered p.o. with sucrose or maltose. The compound binds to and competitively inhibits the alpha-disaccharidases and is also readily absorbed across the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate its effect on the activity of disaccharidases and on metabolic control, groups of obese diabetic mice (C57BLKsJ db/db) were given the drug for periods of 3, 7 and 84 days as a drug food mixture (5 or 10 mg/100 g of food). Nondiabetic mice of the same strain were dosed for 3 and 7 days. The drug did not influence body growth, food intake or fasting blood glucose. However, urine glucose excretion was significantly decreased at the higher dose in the diabetic mice. The drug had no effect on the protein content of jejunum (proximal and middle thirds) or ileum (distal third) of the small intestine. The activity of sucrase and maltase was significantly decreased in practically all segments of the small intestine in both diabetic and nondiabetic mice. These changes were evident after 3 days of drug administration. Lactase was not affected by the drug. The mechanism underlying these changes, although unclear, is of significant interest and deserves further investigation.
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PMID:Chronic effects of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (Bay o 1248) on intestinal disaccharidase activity in normal and diabetic mice. 310 Jul 64

1. Biochemical estimates of lactase, sucrase and maltase activities, carried out on intestinal biopsies appearing histologically normal, were compared with those obtained from children suffering from coeliac disease, cow's milk protein intolerance/postenteritis syndrome and the intractable diarrhoea syndrome of infancy. Lactase deficiency in these children was found to be more pronounced than sucrase or maltase deficiencies. 2. Quantitative cytochemical investigations showed characteristic disease-induced changes in the ability of enterocytes to express alpha- and beta-glucosidases, but not alkaline phosphatase activities, during migration along stunted villi. 3. Separate estimates of the time course describing hydrolase development in normal and coeliac tissue showed the initial rate of lactase appearance to be halved in coeliac patients, while that for alpha-glucosidases remained constant and that for alkaline phosphatase increased by a factor of four. Enteroblastic replacement of mature enterocytes cannot provide a general explanation for hydrolase deficiency in diseased intestine.
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PMID:Selective alteration of brush-border hydrolases in intestinal diseases in childhood. 312 20


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