Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of virginiamycin (VM, 22 mg/kg of diet) on performance of uninfected (CON) turkey poults and those infected (INO) with stunting syndrome and reared on used woodshavings (Experiment 1) or on clean or used woodshavings (Experiment 2). Virginiamycin improved BW (P less than .001) and feed efficiency (FE) (P less than .05) from 1 to 29 days of age, irrespective of type of litter or disease condition. The increase in BW induced by VM, however, was greatest when poults were kept on used litter, resulting in significant (P less than .05) VM by litter interaction. Induced stunting syndrome depressed BW (P less than .01) to 29 days of age and impaired FE from 1 to 9 days of age (P less than .05) and from 5 to 9 days of age (P less than .01) in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Virginiamycin did not prevent early adverse effects of INO on BW and FE, but facilitated notable recovery of INO poults relative to INO poults not fed VM. Virginiamycin increased specific activities of maltase and sucrase of the jejunum of CON poults in Experiments 1 and 2; in Experiment 2, this VM effect was evident irrespective of type of litter. Maltase-specific activity and sucrase were reduced by INO (P less than or equal to .05 and P less than or equal to .01 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) and VM did not modify this effect. The maltase and sucrase data suggest that VM improved BW and FE of CON poults, in part, by helping to maintain digestive and absorptive functions of the small intestine during the early growth period, but, in the instance of INO poults, VM was not effective in this regard.
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PMID:Responses of turkey poults to virginiamycin as influenced by litter condition and experimentally induced stunting syndrome. 160 84

Actinomycin D affects a number of functions of the epithelial cells of the small intestine. Maltase, saccharase and lactase levels in the small intestine of hamsters treated with various dosages of actinomycin D over various periods of time, differed from those observed in control animals: administration of 0.25 micrograms/g body weight, gave rise to a statistically significant increase in the maltase and saccharase levels measured after 4 h and a statistically significant reduction in the lactase levels measured after 8 h; administration of 1.5 micrograms/g body weight reduced the activity of all three enzymes at all times post-administration, the decrease being statistically significant for maltase after 2 and 8 h.
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PMID:Action of actinomycin D on glycosidase levels in the small intestine of hamsters. 190 2

Dietary nucleoside (DN) as a precursor for nucleic acid synthesis may be important for rapidly dividing cells, since gut epithelial cells have limited capacity for de novo purine and pyrimidine synthesis. We evaluated in a controlled blinded study the effect of added nucleosides, 0.8% by weight, given for 2 weeks, on gut growth and maturation in 20 weanling rats. Mucosal protein and DNA in the proximal intestinal segment were 50% and 77% higher, respectively, in the DN-supplemented group (n = 10; p less than 0.05). Villus height based on cell count was 25% greater in the DN group (p less than 0.05). Maltase activity was significantly greater in proximal, middle, and distal intestinal segments, and the largest increase, 87%, was seen in the proximal gut mucosa. The maltase/lactase ratio was also higher in this segment. Increases in sucrase were less prominent. Lactase was minimally affected. The pattern of change in disaccharidase activity suggests that DN may enhance gut growth and maturation of the intestine in the weanling rat, the effects being more pronounced in the proximal segment. Diets free of nucleosides and nitrogenous bases may have adverse effects on the gut.
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PMID:Effect of dietary nucleosides on growth and maturation of the developing gut in the rat. 235 83

Graded levels of hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HYD) (0, 18, 16 and 24 mg/kg BW) were injected into nursing piglets every other day (Exp. 1) or 24 mg of HYD/kg BW was administered 0, 2, 4 or 6 times during the treatment period (12 d) with equal time (6 d, 3 d or 2 d) between subsequent injections (Exp. 2). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was injected to provide 0, 5, 10 or 15 IU/kg BW (Exp. 3), or 15 IU ACTH/kg BW was injected 0, 1, 2 or 3 times (Exp. 4). The injection treatment periods were from d 14 to d 26 postpartum. Pancreatic and intestinal amylase activity was maximized by the highest dosage of HYD (24 mg) and ACTH (15 IU) when given at 2- or 4-d intervals, respectively (P less than .10). However, four injections of HYD administered 3 d apart optimized the activity of this enzyme in Exp. 2 (P less than .05). Intestinal sucrase and maltase were unresponsive to ACTH regardless of dosage or injection frequency (P greater than .10). The response of these two enzymes to HYD was inconsistent. Maltase activity was elevated (P less than .10) by the two most frequent injection treatments, and sucrase activity was simultaneously depressed. Lactase activity tended (P less than .15) to be depressed by the highest treatment level in all four experiments. Both dosage and frequency methods of increasing HYD administration resulted in hepatic and pancreatic hypertrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Response of digestive carbohydrases and growth to graded doses and administration frequency of hydrocortisone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in nursing piglets. 255 56

The fetal and postnatal activity patterns of different hydrolytic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, trehalase, maltase, glucoamylase, lactase, and sucrase) have been examined in mouse renal homogenates. Alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities presented approximately similar changes. They increased from 18 days of gestation up to 30 days after birth. These activities showed marked increases during the 3rd and 4th postnatal weeks. A similar important rise was observed for trehalase activity at the end of the suckling period. Maltase activity increased gradually after birth. Traces of lactase, sucrase, and glucoamylase activities were detected at each developmental stage.
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PMID:[Activity of renal hydrolases in pre- and postnatal development of mice]. 286 26

Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (acid maltase) is essential for degradation of glycogen in lysosomes. Enzyme deficiency results in glycogenosis type II. The amino acid sequence of the entire enzyme was derived from the nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA. The cDNA comprises 3636 nt, and hybridizes with a messenger RNA of approximately 3.6 kb, which is absent in fibroblasts of two patients with glycogenosis type II. The encoded protein has a molecular mass of 104.645 kd and starts with a signal peptide. Sites of proteolytic processing are established by identification of N-terminal amino acid sequences of the 110-kd precursor, and the 76-kd and 70-kd mature forms of the enzyme encoded by the cDNA. Interestingly, both amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal processing occurs. Sites of sugar-chain attachment are proposed. A remarkable homology is observed between this soluble lysosomal alpha-glucosidase and the membrane-bound intestinal brush border sucrase-isomaltase enzyme complex. It is proposed that these enzymes are derived from the same ancestral gene. Around the putative active site of sucrase and isomaltase, 10 out of 13 amino acids are identical to the corresponding amino acids of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase. This strongly suggests that the aspartic acid residue at this position is essential for catalytic function of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase.
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PMID:Primary structure and processing of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase; homology with the intestinal sucrase-isomaltase complex. 304 72

1. The disaccharidase activities of the small intestines of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) were studied in epithelial scrapes and brush-border membrane preparations. 2. Maltase, isomaltase and trehalase activities were found. Activities of these enzymes were higher in the proximal small intestine and decreased distally. 3. Disaccharidase activities were enriched 12-15 times in brush-border membrane preparations, compared with mucosa/enterocyte crude homogenates and were co-enriched with the brush-border membrane marker alkaline phosphatase. 3. The pH optima were: maltase 6.5; isomaltase 5.6; and trehalase 5.8. The Q10 of maltase, the most active enzyme, was equal to 1.82. 4. In reptiles, as in mammals, disaccharidase activities may be correlated with feeding habits. The co-occurrence of sucrase and isomaltase may not be a common feature of vertebrates.
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PMID:Intestinal brush border membrane-bound disaccharidases of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. 306 78

Digestive enzymatic activities (maltase, lactase and sucrase) have been determined in the intestinal mucosa of rats subjected to a jejunoileal bypass of 45 cm. The weight and protein content of the mucosa (mg/cm) were significantly decreased in the bypassed segment and significantly increased in the unbypassed segment, as compared to control rats. Maltase, lactase and sucrase specific (U/g protein) and total activity (U/cm intestine) were significantly decreased in the bypassed jejunum, compared to sham-operated rats. In the ileum, maltase specific and total activities increased in bypassed animals while the lactase and sucrase activities remained unchanged.
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PMID:Disaccharidase activities after jejunoileal bypass in rat. 317 53

Neurotensin has many actions on digestive tract motility and secretion and stimulates pancreatic growth. We examined effects of chronic administration of neurotensin on growth of small intestine and colon. Four groups of 10 rats were injected with saline or neurotensin (33, 100, or 300 micrograms/kg) every 8 h for 5 days. The small intestine was divided into four segments of equal length, weighed, and assayed for DNA, protein, and brush-border digestive enzymes. The colon was weighed and assayed for DNA and protein. Neurotensin caused dose-related increases in growth of small intestine; at the highest dose, similar increases in weight (12-20%), DNA (23-35%), and protein content (33-39%) occurred in each segment of small intestine. Maltase, sucrase, and leucine aminopeptidase (but not lactase) contents were also significantly increased after neurotensin, but the largest effects were seen in the proximal small intestine. Neurotensin had no effect on weight, DNA, or protein content of the colon. These results suggest a role for neurotensin in regulating growth of small intestine.
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PMID:Neurotensin stimulates growth of small intestine in rats. 320 74

We studied 24 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure not treated with hemodialysis (CRF1) and 16 patients on regular hemodialysis (CRF2), to investigate the digestive, absorptive and morphological aspects of the small intestinal mucosa. Serum d-xylose test and biochemical parameters of absorption (serum calcium and proteins) were determined. Jejunal mucosal biopsies were obtained and tissue homogenates assayed for disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase and lactase) and dipeptidases (glycyl-glycinase, leucyl-glycinase and leucyl-aminopeptidase). Histological changes were classified according to the severity of abnormality and compared with biopsies obtained from control subjects. Serum d-xylose test, calcium and proteins were normal in patients with CRF. Maltase specific activity was higher in CRF1 than in controls (p less than 0.05). Lactase and leucyl-aminopeptidase showed a tendency to decrease in CRF, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Sucrase, glycyl-glycinase and leucyl-glycinase specific activity in CRF was similar to the control group. Histological changes of the small intestinal mucosa of mild to moderate degree were noted in 68% of patients with CRF vs 36% in control subjects (p less than 0.01). No significant difference was noted in the incidence of absorptive, enzymatic (with the exception of maltase) and histological changes between the two groups of patients with CRF. These changes are not influenced by hemodialysis, a long-term treatment averaging 6 months, they appear to represent primary manifestations of CRF and may be related to the nutritional status of patients with CRF.
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PMID:Small intestinal function and structure in patients with chronic renal failure. 339 24


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