Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
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A 3-year pot experiment with 8-year continuously cropped greenhouse cucumber soil was conducted to study the effects of different cultivation systems on the soil quality, soil nematode quantity, and crop yields. The third year' s data were taken into analysis. Comparing with traditional cultivation system (two seasons planting cucumber with fallowing in summer) , planting leafy vegetable and garlic in summer increased the yields of the two crops and the soil microbial biomass carbon content, total microbial population, and sucrase activity, decreased the amounts of soil nematode and root-knot nematode, and maintained a relative high Shannon-Weaver index. Planting crown daisy, garlic, and spinach in summer increased soil sucrase activity by 8.9%, 89.5%, and 36.9%, and the planting of crown daisy and garlic also increased the Shannon-Weaver index by 7.7% and 9.4%, respectively. All the results suggested that catching crop and rotation had definite restoration effects on the soil quality under continuously cropping of cucumber, and the effects of planting crown daisy and garlic were more significant.
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PMID:[Changes of soil biological characters beneath greenhouse cucumber under different cultivation systems]. 1956 63

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (e-waste) is now the fastest growing waste stream in the world. It is reported that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and heavy metals were main contaminants in e-waste recycling site. Among these contaminants BDE-209 and Cu were widespread, yet their combined effect on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure are not well understood. In this study, the ecotoxicological effects of both combined and single pollution of BDE-209 and Cu at different concentration levels were studied under laboratory conditions. The activities of soil catalase, urease and saccharase were sensitive to BDE-209 and Cu pollution. Although the enzyme activities varied over time, the concentration effects were obvious. Statistical analyses revealed that, at the same incubation time, as the concentration of BDE-209 or Cu increased, the enzyme activities were decreased. Combined effects of both BDE-209 and Cu were different from that of BDE-209 or Cu alone. Enzyme activities data were essentially based on the multiple regression technique. The results showed that the action and interaction between BDE-209 and Cu were strongly dependent on the exposure time, as the combined effects of BDE-209 and Cu were either synergistic or antagonistic at different incubation times. Soil catalase and saccharase were more comfortable used as indicators of BDE-209 and Cu combined pollution, as the variation trends were similar to the single contaminant treatments, and the responses were quick and significant. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of bacterial 16S rDNA gene showed that BDE-209 and Cu pollution altered the bacterial community structure by promoting changes in species composition and species richness. The existence of BDE-209 and Cu in soils reduced the microbial diversity, and the concentration effects were obvious. Overall, microbial diversity in the combined treatments were lower than the single ones, and when the concentration of BDE-209 and Cu increased, and the Shannon-Weaver index decreased, which indicated the combined effect of BDE-209 and Cu on the microbial community structure was synergistic. Our results further the understanding of the toxic effects of BDE-209 and Cu on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure, and suggest the need for more in-depth analysis to increase progressively the understanding of the toxicological mechanisms involved.
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PMID:The combined effect of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and copper (Cu) on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure. 2271 64