Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

General evidence of malnutrition such as loss in body weight associated with intestinal parasitism has been attributed to decreased food intake, to intestinal malabsorption, and to change in host basal metabolism. To establish the relative importance of these factors in this regard, rats with trichinosis were studied. The weights of infected and uninfected animals were followed after being placed on one of three feeding regimens for 1 week--stock diet ad libitum, intraduodenal nutrition, and intravenous nutrition. Infected rats on a stock diet lost weight whereas those on the other two regimens maintained the same weight pattern as uninfected counterparts. The maintainance of body weight occurred despite alterations at the level of the intestinal brush border as indicated by a depression of intestinal disaccharidase activities (sucrase and lactase) and by reduction of monosaccharide absorption (measured as accumulation of beta-methyl glucoside) in the proximal, heavily infected region of the small intestine. There was no compensatory increase in enzyme activity nor in the absorptive capacity in the distal gut. Results support the conclusion that inadequate oral food intake rather than changes in basal metabolism or intestinal pathophysiology accounts for weight loss during the intestinal phase of infection.
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PMID:Enteral and parenteral feeding to evaluate malabsorption in intestinal parasitism. 11 Jan 62

The effect of undernutrition on rat small intestine during the critical newborn period was studied. A severe state of protein-energy malnutrition was induced by litter expansion which caused the mean total body weight of experimentally malnourished rats to diminish significantly as compared to control animals. Intestinal weight and total DNA were similarly diminished in the malnourished rats. DNA and protein expressed per gram wet tissue showed no significant differences between groups. Retarded intestinal growth in the malnourished animals was the result of reduced cell number. The mean specific activities of sucrase and maltase were diminished in the experimental group, with mean activities being 20 to 50% of controls, respectively. These differences were larger when expressed as total organ activities. On the other hand, specific lactase activity was significantly higher in undernourished rats but total lactase activity per organ was similar in both groups. Enterokinase specific activity or total organ activity was significantly higher in the undernourished rats.
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PMID:The effect of early postnatal acquired malnutrition on intestinal growth, disaccharidases and enterokinase. 11 73

Two therapeutic regimens were compared in 16 infants with protracted diarrhea and malnutrition. Eight patients were treated with total parenteral nutrition given via a central vein (group A); the remaining eight patients received a combination of dilute parenteral nutrients given in a peripheral vein plus continuous enteral feedings of an elemental diet (group B). All patients recovered although two infants in group B were switched to TPN treatment after a poor response to the elemental diet. Intestinal biopsies were performed: (1) before treatment; (2) after 2 to 3 weeks of TPN or elemental diet; and (3) after 2 to 3 weeks of Nutramigen feedings. Before treatment, all patients had atrophic changes in the jejunal epithelium and deficient disaccharidase and trypsin activities. The second biopsy showed morphologic recovery in all patients, incomplete recovery of lactase and trypsin in both treatment groups, and complete recovery of sucrase and maltase activities only in group B patients. The third biopsy showed normal morphology and complete recovery of all enzymes measured. The mean number of hospital days was 46 +/- 4.8 for group A and 34 +/- 1.6 for group B (p less than 0.05) suggesting that patients given enteral feedings early tended to have a more rapid return of intestinal function and of some intestinal enzymes.
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PMID:Protracted diarrhea and malnutrition in infancy: Changes in intestinal morphology and disaccharidase activities during treatment with total intravenous nutrition or oral elemental diets. 81 May 53

Lactase and sucrase activities were measured in jejunal biopsies from a group of alcoholic and nonalcoholic men of similar nutritional status, consisting of American blacks, and whites of northern European origin. When measured withing 10 days of alcohol withdrawal, sucrase activity was decreased by 33% in the alcoholics. Lactase activity was less than 1 U per g in 100% of the black and 20% of the white alcholics as compared to 50% of the black and none of the white control subjects. Lactase activity was virtually absent in 45% of the black alcoholics. A second jejunal biopsy after an additional 2-week period of alcohol abstinenece exhibited significant secondary increases in the activities of both disaccharidases. Oral administration of lactose (1 g per kg of body weight) resulted in significantly lower blood glucose concentration and higher incidence of adverse effects in alcoholics, mainly among the blacks. Although data from larger populations are needed to confirm our observations, these findings suggest that chronic alcohol ingestion decreases intestinal disaccharidase activities even in the absence of overt malnutrition. The decrease in enzyme activity produced by alcohol is associated with increased morbidity after lactose administration.
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PMID:Symptomatic intestinal disaccharidase deficiency in alcoholics. 83 22

Mucosal disaccharidases and ornithine decarboxylase activities were measured in malnourished, preweaning (19 days), post weaning (24 days) and young adult (37 days) rats. Malnutrition resulted in decreased body weight, intestinal weight, DNA and protein content. Mucosal Prot/DNA ratios were elevated in the ileal segments of the 24 and 37 day rats. Preweaned malnourished rats had significantly enhanced lactase specific activity in both jejunal and ileal segments. Adult malnourished rats showed enhanced jejunal lactase and sucrase activities which were not accompanied by elevated ornithine decarboxylase values. Mucosal sucrase and ornithine decarboxylase specific activities were significantly elevated in the ileal segment of the 24 and 37 day old malnourished rats. Studies of adult rats showed that these increased specific activities were located in the mature enterocytes at the villus tip, and persisted during a 24 h diurnal cycle. DFMO administration for 4 days completely inhibited mucosal ornithine decarboxylase and abolished the rise of ileal sucrase activity. We concluded that the intestinal response to reduced food intake is age related and differs in the jejunum and ileum: ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines are involved in ileal adaptation to malnutrition in postweaned and adult rats.
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PMID:Adaptive response of ileal mucosa to malnutrition in the rat: role of polyamines. 192 51

Intestinal Ca2+ malabsorption has been described in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), but the molecular basis for this defect is unknown. In this study, we measured intestinal alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D-dependent Ca(2+)-binding protein (calbindin-D9k), two proteins implicated in the active pathway of intestinal Ca2+ absorption. Both proteins were measured in the small intestines of SHRs and their normotensive controls, Wistar-Kyoto rats, before, during, and after development of hypertension (4, 9, 14, 18, and 28 wk of age). At all ages, alkaline phosphatase activity in duodenum (0-6 cm) was decreased by 30-57% (P less than 0.001) and by 47-75% in the 2nd intestinal segment (6-12 cm) (P less than 0.001-0.05). Calbindin-D9k was decreased similarly. The decreases of calbindin were statistically significant (P less than 0.001-0.05) in the duodena at 4, 14, 18, and 28 wk (9-30% decreases) and in the 2nd segment at 4, 14, and 18 wk (38-69% decreases; P less than 0.001-0.005). Decreased calbindin in SHRs was documented in animals from two suppliers. The deficiencies of calbindin-D9k and alkaline phosphatase could not be attributed to malnutrition or to a generalized brush-border defect as indicated by body weights and the intestinal marker enzyme sucrase. Although calbindin-D9k was decreased in young SHRs, the serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] was increased by 59 and 129% in 4- and 9-wk-old SHRs (P less than 0.001), respectively; by contrast, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was unchanged or decreased in older SHRs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intestinal vitamin D-dependent calbindin-D9k and alkaline phosphatase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 203 38

Nucleic acid synthesis in tissues of rapid growth is preferentially done using dietary purines and pyrimidines via the salvage pathway. In the case of a low protein intake, dietary nucleotides may be semiessential for cell replication of gut, lymphocytes, and bone marrow, and especially in those intestinal diseases in which the mucosa is altered, dietary nucleotides may have a role in intestinal development. The effect of dietary nucleotides on intestinal weight and length, gut mucosal weight, intestinal protein and DNA contents, and lactase, maltase, and intestinal mucosal activities was assessed in a controlled way. Weanling (21-day-old) rats were separated into two groups of 36, each receiving blindly a basal diet containing glucose polymers (C) or a basal diet with lactose as the main carbohydrate (L) for 15 days. Those fed with L developed a syndrome of chronic diarrhea and malnutrition. Ten rats of each group were sacrificed at that time. The rest of the animals of each group were separated into two subgroups. The first was fed with the C diet and the second with the C diet supplemented with 50 mg/100 g of each of the following nucleotides: AMP, GMP, CMP, UMP, and IMP (CN). Thus the subgroups CC, CN, LC, and LN were formed. Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks and gut separated into three segments corresponding to duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Analysis of variance was used to compare the effect of diet or segments. DNA and lactase, maltase, and sucrase activities increased in the LN group with respect to LC especially in jejunum and ileum but there were not any differences between CC and CN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of dietary nucleotides on intestinal repair in rats with experimental chronic diarrhea. 212 43

In the last twenty years we have diagnosed 9 cases of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. In all the cases the diagnosis was made before 9 months of age and was confirmed by quantitative determination of sucrase-isomaltase activity in jejunal mucosal homogenates. Malnutrition and dehydration were frequent findings. In 3 cases there was clinical intolerance to dextrinomaltose and to glucose polymers. In the 6 cases in which were performed, abnormal breath H2 test after an oral sucrose load was found. Lactase activity was above the mean in all cases and an important decrease of maltase activity was demonstrated. The enzymatic deficiency persisted even though the clinical tolerance to sucrase improved with age.
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PMID:[Primary saccharose-isomaltose deficit: a 20-year case load]. 236 94

To examine the relative effects of maternal malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation on development of the pancreas and small intestine in suckling pups, rats were restricted to 50% of control (C) intake beginning at day 5 of pregnancy. Immediately after birth, some litters were exchanged such that some C dams were suckling pups born to 50%-restricted dams (C/50) and vice versa (50/C). Other litters were allowed to stay with their own mothers, which received a control or restricted diet as during pregnancy (C/C and 50/50). Pups nurtured by restricted dams had reduced body weights, intestinal lengths, hepatic and pancreatic weights, and specific activities of pancreatic lipase and small intestinal brush border sucrase and maltase. Small intestinal lactase levels were higher in the groups of pups from mothers restricted during lactation. In nearly all cases, the 50/C group was the most severely affected while the C/50 group was intermediate between the C/C and 50/50 groups.
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PMID:Maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy and lactation: effect on digestive organ development in suckling rats. 244 Feb 96

Parameters of nutritional and small intestinal status were studied in 3 groups of rats which had been subjected to malnutrition during different periods (pre- and postnatal, postweaning and adulthood). Malnutrition was induced by restriction of feeds (50% of controls). Compared with controls, malnourished rats from all 3 groups had reduced body weight and length, thoracic diameters, small intestinal weight, length and diameters, small intestinal mucosal weight, total mucosal DNA and protein/DNA ratios. However, there was no difference in DNA contents between malnourished rats and corresponding controls, indicating no changes in cell number (hypotrophic). Prenatally malnourished rats had reduced specific activities of lactase, sucrase and maltase. But in other malnourished groups, the activities of these enzymes were higher compared with corresponding controls. Prenatally malnourished rats had the lowest percentage of control values in all parameters measured compared with the other malnourished rats.
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PMID:Effect of malnutrition during different periods on the small intestine of the rat. 250 May 48


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