Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.26 (invertase)
 4,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The small intestine plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of many nutrients. To investigate the contribution of carbohydrate digestion to diabetes mellitus, we examined the morphological changes of the small intestine, and the expression of sucrase-isomaltase, which is one of the intestinal disaccharidases, in diabetic model rat, that is the streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rat (insulin-deficient model), and the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (type 2 diabetic models). Intestinal hyperplasia was observed in STZ, OLETF, and GK rats. Moreover, in the small intestine of each diabetic strain, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-labeling index, which is a marker of proliferation, was higher than in the respective control. Cdx1 and Cdx2, known to be transcriptional factors related to intestinal proliferation and differentiation, were more highly expressed in STZ, OLETF and GK rats than in the respective controls. These findings indicate that small intestinal hyperplasia, and thereby the resultant increase of total activity of disaccharidases such as sucrase and isomaltase in the entire small intestine, might be one of the reasons for postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Morphological changes and increased sucrase and isomaltase activity in small intestines of insulin-deficient and type 2 diabetic rats. 1294 Apr 55

Diabetes in humans and in experimental animals produces changes in the function and structure of the small intestine. The authors determined the activity of intestinal disaccharidases (maltase and sucrase) and of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1) in enterocytes isolated from the small intestine of male Wistar rats (2.5 to 3 months old) with experimental nonobese type 2 diabetes, induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection on the day of birth (n0-STZ) or on the 5th day of life (n5-STZ), with different degrees of hyperglycemia and insulinemia (n0-STZ and n5-STZ models). The glycemia (mmol/L) of the diabetic rats (n0-STZ: 8.77 +/- 0.47; n5-STZ: 20.83 +/- 0.63) was higher (P <.01) than that of the nondiabetic (ND) rats (5.99 +/- 0.63); on the contrary, the insulinemia (ng/mL) was significantly lower in both n0-STZ (1.74 +/- 0.53; P <.05) and n5-STZ (1.12 +/- 0.44; P <.01) diabetic rats than in normal rats (3.77 +/- 0.22). The sucrase and maltase activities (U/g protein) in diabetic rats (n0-STZ: 89 +/- 9 and 266 +/- 12; n5-STZ: 142 +/- 23 and 451 +/- 57) were significantly higher than those in the ND group (66 +/- 5 and 228 +/- 22). The PFK-1 activities (mU/mg protein) in the diabetic models (n0-STZ: 14.89 +/- 1.51; n5-STZ: 13.35 +/- 3.12) were significantly lower (P <.05) than in ND rats (20.54 +/- 2.83). The data demonstrated enzymatic alterations in enterocytes isolated from the small intestine of n0-STZ rats that are greater (P <.05) than in the more hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic n5-STZ animals. The results also show that nonobese type 2-like diabetes in the rat produces modifications that favor an increase in glucose absorption rates.
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PMID:Experimental type 2 diabetes induces enzymatic changes in isolated rat enterocytes. 1463 May 73

Diabetes-prone BioBreeding (BBdp) rats often present an enteropathy that may precede the onset of autoimmune insulitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of sex, the time course, the strain specificity, the distribution along the intestinal tract and the effect of diet for the changes in the activity of gut invertase, maltase and lactase found in BBdp rats, as compared with both Wistar-Furth (WF) and diabetes-resistant BioBreeding (BBc) rats. These hydrolases were measured, therefore, at day 10, 30, 45, 70, 95 and 120 in three intestinal segments of WF, BBc and BBdp rats fed, after weaning, either a protective hydrolysed casein diet, which decreases the incidence of diabetes in the BBdp rats, or one of two diabetogenic diets (National Toxicology Program; NTP or wheat-gluten-based; WG) [corrected]. Except for a somewhat lower lactase activity in the BBdp rats, no obvious difference in hydrolyase activity between the three strains of rats was observed at day 10. Between days 30 and 120, however, the activity of the hydrolases, especially that of invertase and lactase, was lower in the BBdp rats than in either the WF or BBc rats, at least when considering the animals fed either the NTP or WG diet. These findings support the view that BBdp rats exposed to a diabetogenic diet develop an enteropathy well before the onset of autoimmune insulitis, in a manner somehow comparable with the situation found in some type 1 diabetic patients, in whom coeliac disease may be diagnosed before diabetes onset.
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PMID:Disaccharidase activity in the intestinal tract of Wistar-Furth, diabetes-resistant and diabetes-prone BioBreeding rats. 1475 5

We investigated whether dietary supplementation with L-arginine, the endogenous precursor of nitric oxide, might affect serum lipid levels and activities of intestinal mucosa enzymes in animals, in which diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin. Control and diabetic rats were fed diets with or without 2% L-arginine supplementation for 4 weeks. Diabetic rats had significantly higher concentrations of serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol than control rats. These alterations were partially reduced by L-arginine supplementation. Experimental diabetes did not influence the lactase and leucine aminopeptidase activity in the intestine, but the activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased. Furthermore, activities of maltase and sucrase in the intestinal mucosa were elevated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and were restored to control levels after dietary L-arginine supplementation. On the basis of the present experimental evidence, dietary L-arginine supplementation appears to affect the metabolism of lipoproteins and might alleviate some gastrointestinal dysfunctions, commonly seen in diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation on serum lipids and intestinal enzyme activities in diabetic rats. 1535 82

Intravenous immunoglobulin infusion induces acute renal failure via a mechanism of osmotic nephrosis. Most reported cases are related to the use of sucrose-based intravenous immunoglobulin. Maltose-based intravenous immunoglobulin is thought to be a safer alternative and have a lower risk of renal toxicity than sucrose-based preparations. Maltase, but not sucrase, is present in the brush border of proximal convoluted renal tubules, where the maltose is metabolised. We report a case of maltose-based intravenous immunoglobulin-induced acute renal failure in an elderly diabetic woman. In this case, the risk factors included advanced age, hypovolaemia, sepsis, diabetes mellitus, and the high infusion rate of the intravenous immunoglobulin. Maltase is readily inhibited by hyperglycaemia; therefore, poor glycaemic control may predispose patients to develop acute renal failure even with the better-tolerated maltose-based intravenous immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Acute renal failure related to intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in an elderly woman. 1568 16

This study deals with the enteropathy recently identified in diabetes-prone BB rats (BBdp). Diabetes-resistant BB rats (BBc) and BBdp rats were fed from days 32-39 onward either a protective diabetes-retardant hydrolyzed casein diet (HC) or a plant-based diabetogenic (NTP) diet. The NTP diet decreased body weight and plasma insulin in BBc and BBdp rats. The BBdp rats displayed low intestinal invertase and increased intestinal peroxidase activity. In the BBdp rats fed the HC diet, the mucin content 30-35 cm below the pylorus was higher and the gut permeability lower than in the other three rat groups. There was a significant inverse correlation between gut permeability and the insulinogenic index in the BBdp rats fed the HC or NTP diet. Thus, in BBdp rats, the HC diet somehow prevents the increase in gut permeability and the decrease in the insulinogenic index otherwise found in some of these diabetes-prone animals.
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PMID:Gut permeability and intestinal mucins, invertase, and peroxidase in control and diabetes-prone BB rats fed either a protective or a diabetogenic diet. 1574 84

During diabetes, structural and functional changes in the alimentary tract are known to take place resulting in increased absorption of intestinal glucose and alterations in the activities of brush border disaccharidases. Similar observations are also reported in the renal cortex. In the present investigation, we examined the effect of feeding bitter gourd fruit devoid of seeds on activities of intestinal and renal disaccharidases, viz., maltase, sucrase, and lactase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Normal and diabetic rats were fed either with basal diet or a diet containing 10% bitter gourd powder. Specific activities of intestinal disaccharidases were significantly increased during diabetes, and supplementing bitter gourd in the diet clearly indicated amelioration in the activities of maltase and lactase during diabetes. However, a significant change was not observed with sucrase activity by feeding of bitter gourd. During diabetes, renal disaccharidase activities were significantly lower than those in the control rats. Bitter gourd supplementation was beneficial in alleviating the reduction in maltase activity during diabetes. However, not much change in the activities of sucrase and lactase was observed upon feeding. This positive influence of feeding bitter gourd on intestinal and renal disaccharidases clearly indicates their beneficial role in the management of diabetes, thus making diabetic animals more tolerant to hyperglycemia.
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PMID:Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) modulates activities of intestinal and renal disaccharidases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1600 24

To elucidate the effect of feeding fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric (10%) on disaccharidases activities, the specific activities of intestinal and renal disaccharidases viz., sucrase, maltase and lactase were measured in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Specific activities of intestinal disaccharidases were increased significantly during diabetes and amelioration of these activities during diabetes was clearly visible by supplementing fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric in the diet. However during diabetes renal disaccharidases activities were significantly lower than those in the control rats. Fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric supplementations were beneficial in alleviating the reduction in maltase activity during diabetes, however not much change in the activities of sucrase and lactase was observed upon feeding. This positive influence of feeding fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric on intestinal and renal disaccharidases clearly indicates their beneficial role in the management of diabetes.
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PMID:Modulatory effect of fenugreek seed mucilage and spent turmeric on intestinal and renal disaccharidases in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. 1602 36

Intakes of some macronutrients can comprise risk factors for life-style-related diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the effects in C57BL/6J mice of consuming excess fat or sucrose for a long period of time (55 wk). Another group of mice consumed a low-fat, low-sucrose (LL) diet. Mice fed the high-fat (HF) diet gained weight and developed hyperlipidemia and hyperleptinemia. At 25 wk, but not at 55 wk, hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity of the mice fed the high sucrose (HS) diet was greater than that of mice fed the LL or HF diet. Those fed the HS diet were not obese and had greater hepatic lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzyme activities. The HF and HS diets resulted in different types of glucose intolerance. In an oral glucose tolerance test, mice fed the HF diet had a delay in the clearance of glucose compared with those fed the LL diet, perhaps due to the peripheral insulin resistance that resulted from higher levels of circulating free fatty acids. Feeding the HS diet for 55 wk induced hyperglycemia 10 min after oral glucose administration, although blood glucose declined rapidly after i.p. insulin injection. This finding suggests that the effects of chronic HS diet intake may be due to the reduction in early insulin secretion from pancreatic islets and the increase in sucrase activity in the small intestine. It is important to consider the effects of macronutrients in lean as well as obese mice to clarify the pathogenesis of the metabolic disorders.
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PMID:Chronic intake of high-fat and high-sucrose diets differentially affects glucose intolerance in mice. 1648 28

The inhibitory effect on human and rat intestinal disaccharidase by the extractive from the leaves of Morus alba (ELM) containing 0.24 % 1-deoxynojirimycin equivalent and its inhibitory activities were investigated by the modified Dahlqvist method. In the presence of 1000-fold diluted ELM solution, the sucrase activity of four human samples was inhibited by 96 % and that of maltase and isomaltase by 95 and 99 %, respectively. The activities of trehalase and lactase were inhibited by 44 and 38 %, respectively. The human disaccharidase activities varied from sample to sample because the samples were obtained from different resected regions after surgery. However, the ratio of the inhibitory effect for sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, trehalase and lactase was very similar among the four samples, and also that of resembled rat intestinal disaccharides. The inhibitory constant of the 1-deoxynojirimycin equivalent for sucrase, maltase and isomaltase was 2.1 x 10(-4), 2.5 x 10(-4) and 4.5 x 10(-4) mm, respectively, and these inhibitory activities were shown, using rat brush border membrane vesicles, to be competitive. These results demonstrate that digestion is inhibited when an appropriate amount of ELM is orally ingested with sucrose or polysaccharide in man. When ELM was orally administered in a sucrose solution to fasted rats, the elevation in blood glucose was significantly suppressed, depending on the concentration of ELM given. These results suggest that ELM could be used as an ingredient in health foods and in foods that help to prevent diabetes.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of extractives from leaves of Morus alba on human and rat small intestinal disaccharidase activity. 1661 83


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