Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paraffin-embedded sections from paraformaldehyde-fixed rat brain were stained immunocytochemically for glycogen phosphorylase brain isozyme BB, using a monoclonal mouse antibody and the biotin-strept-avidin method, with either horseradish peroxidase or beta-galactosidase as marker enzymes. Two cell types showed strong glycogen phosphorylase-immunoreactivity: Astrocytes and ependymal cells. Most intensive staining was observed in the cerebellar cortex, the neocortex and the hippocampus. Astrocytes in the cerebellar white matter stained positively. The choroid plexus cells stained poorly or not at all. Neurons throughout the brain were negative, as well as oligodendrocytes and bundles of myelinated nerve fibers. These data are consistent with the immunocytochemical localization of glycogen phosphorylase in astroglia-rich primary cultures derived from rat brain.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of glycogen phosphorylase in rat brain slices. 235 62

We compared the abilities of young and senescent fibroblasts to take up and degrade [3H]ribonuclease A (native and oxidized), [3H]ribonuclease4-13, [3H]hemoglobin, [3H]glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, [3H]beta-galactosidase, [3H]glycogen phosphorylase, and [125I]serum albumin. The endocytic uptake of these proteins ranged from fluid-phase to predominantly absorptive. Intralysosomal degradation rates of the different endocytosed proteins varied by an order of magnitude, but in no case was there a difference between cultures of young and senescent fibroblasts.
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PMID:Degradation of endocytosed proteins is unaltered in senescent human fibroblasts. 314 44

The gene organization and transcription of the Agrobacterium glg operon differ from those in other bacteria. Agrobacterium tumefaciens A348 contains a 9.1-kb gene cluster harboring genes for glycogen metabolism. The nucleotide sequence and gene organization of a region containing ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (glgC), glycogen synthetase (glgA), and phosphoglucomutase (pgm) genes have been previously described (A. Uttaro and R. A. Ugalde, Gene 150:117-122, 1994). In this work we report that the glycogen phosphorylase (glgP) and branching enzyme (glgB) genes are located immediately upstream of this region. The complete nucleotide sequences of the glgP and glgB genes were obtained, and mutants were constructed by targeted insertional mutagenesis with a kanamycin cassette. Enzymatic assays and reverse transcription PCR carried out with the wild type and with glgP and glgB mutants, as well as primer extension experiments and beta-galactosidase fusions, revealed that this region containing five open reading frames (glgPBCA and pgm) is transcribed unidirectionally as a single operon under the control of a promoter located upstream of the glycogen phosphorylase gene (glgP). An alternative transcript was identified starting 168 bp upstream of an internal ATG start codon of the pgm gene, which is translated as a 71-amino-acid-shorter Pgm protein which complements in vivo a pgm mutant. This alternative transcript has a promoter with the motif TATCAAN5G, identified in octopine Ti plasmid as an autoinducible TraR promoter. This promoter is >200 times more efficient in A. tumefaciens than in Escherichia coli, as judged by the level of enzymatic activity of a lacZ-pgm fusion.
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PMID:Gene organization and transcription analysis of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens glycogen (glg) operon: two transcripts for the single phosphoglucomutase gene. 985 99

A multivariate model is proposed relating short-term biomarker measurements in Daphnia magna to chronic effects (21-d exposure) occurring at the population level (time to death, mean brood size, mean total young per female, intrinsic rate of natural increase, net reproductive rate, and growth). The results of the short-term exposure (48 h-96 h) to eight model toxicants (cadmium, chromium, mercury, tributyl tin, linear alkylsulfonic acid, sodium pentachlorophenolate, lindane, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on the following biomarkers were used for the multivariate model: digestive enzymes (amylase, cellulase, beta-galactosidase, trypsin, and esterase), enzymes of the intermediary metabolism (glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase), cellular energy allocation (CEA) (protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content and electron transport activity), and DNA damage and antioxidative stress activity. Using partial least squares to latent structures (PLS), a two-component model was obtained with R2 of 0.68 and a Q2 value of 0.60 based on the combined analysis of a limited number of the 48- and 96-h biomarker responses. For the individual population-level responses, the R2 values varied from 0.66 to 0.77 and the Q2 values from 0.52 to 0.69. Energy-related biomarkers (cellular energy allocation, lipid contents, anaerobic metabolic activity--pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), combined with parameters related to oxidative stress (catalase) and DNA damage measured after 48 and 96 h of exposure, were able to predict long-term effects at higher levels of biological organization.
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PMID:A multivariate biomarker-based model predicting population-level responses of Daphnia magna. 1295 51

This immunological study involved individual injection of the three Schistosoma mansoni antigens (Ags). soluble egg antigen (SEA), cercarial antigen preparation (CAP) or soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) in three rabbits groups (Ag). respectively. Three other groups each received the same specific antigen conjoined with administration of L-carnosine (Ag-C). Determination of three hepatic parameters and ten serum proteins was done. These were total protein, glycogen content and glycogen phosphorylase b activity of liver as well as serum total protein and nine protein fractions [alpha2-macrglobulin; beta-galactosidase; phosphorylase b; serum albumin; fumarase; carbonic anhydrase; beta-lactoglobulin; alpha-lactalbumin and aprotinin]. Conjoined carnosine treatment produced numerous variations. SEA-I-C group presented sex decreased parameters. In CAP-I-C animals hepatic glycogen content was increased while phosphorrylase b activity was decreased as well as seven the concentration of serum parameters; total serum protein, alpha2-macroglobulin, phosphorylase b, albumin, fumarase, carbonic anhydrase, alpha-lactalbumin and aprotinin. In SWAP-I-C group the concentration of only one fraction was decreased; carbonic anhydrase. In batch A both the Ags. of the egg and cercaria, developmental stages having transient residence in the animal host, showed more affection by the specific Ag. Although, carnosine modified the results of all the three groups in batch B yet, its effect on both the egg and cercaria Ags. was still more than that of worm.
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PMID:Biochemical modifications induced in rabbits by Schistosoma mansoni antigens and the beneficial effect of carnosine treatment. 1588 Oct 9