Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of N6,O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate (dbcAMP) on the mobilization of calcium (Ca2+), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and lysosomal enzymes was studied in a bone culture system for 24 h using half calvaria from 6--7 day-old mice. DbcAMP inhibited spontaneous as well as parathyroid hormone-stimulated mineral mobilization. DbcAMP in a concentration of 5 x 10(-4)M also reduced the activities of beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase found in the media while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not affected. It is concluded that cAMP is not a stimulator but an inhibitor of bone resorption within the culture period studied (24 h) and that the cyclic nucleotide might interfere with release processes involved in bone resorption.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the release of calcium, inorganic phosphate and lysosomal enzymes from calvarial bones cultured for 24 hours. 22 6

Effect of ethanol on functional activity of isolated perfused rat liver was studied (rate of O2 utilization, absorption of bromosulpholeine from perfusate, bile formation); total activity and activity in supernatant of nine marker enzymes were also determined (malate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphatases A and B, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, acetylesterase, glucoso-6-phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). Activity of the enzymes was simultaneously studied in perfusate. Ethanol (0.5%) caused distinct impairement in functional activity of isolated liver; rate of bile formation and absorption of bromosulpholeine from perfusate were primarily altered. Degree of impairements in functional activity of liver tissue correlated with the concentration of ethanol in perfusate. In analysis of correlation between the total activity of the enzymes in liver tissue and their activity in supernatants and perfusate it was shown that the concentration (1%) of ethanol used did not produce damaye effect on plasma membranes and membranes of subcellular structures of hepatocytes, but, within certain limits, it displayed a stabilizing effect.
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PMID:[Effect of ethanol on stability of cell membranes in experiments using isolated liver]. 121 Jan 8

To evaluate the effects of acute pancreatitis on hepatic function and hepatic cellular and subcellular organellar fragility, we studied 1) the hepatic secretion of lysosomal enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) into bile in the isolated perfused rat liver model; 2) the aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and lysosomal enzyme levels in the effluent in an isolated liver model; 3) hepatic lysosomal fragility in an in vitro incubation study; and 4) protective effects of a new low molecular weight synthetic protease inhibitor, ONO 3307, against hepatic injury in doses of 2 and 5 mg/kg.h in acute pancreatitis induced by a supramaximal dose of cerulein in rats. Decreased hepatic secretion of lysosomal enzymes into bile and accelerated hepatic lysosomal fragility were observed in acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein. ONO 3307 showed a significant protective effect against this hepatic injury in acute pancreatitis, the dose of 5 mg/kg.h showing a more potent effect than the dose of 2 mg/kg.h. These results suggest that the impaired hepatic function, including depressed hepatic secretion of lysosomal enzymes, seems to be closely related to accelerated hepatic fragility and that some unknown protease, which is present in pancreatitis and is susceptible to inhibition by ONO 3307, plays a crucial pathologic role in the development of this liver injury during acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Effects of acute pancreatitis on hepatic secretion of lysosomal enzymes into bile and hepatic lysosomal fragility: protective effects of a new synthetic protease inhibitor, ONO 3307. 150 86

During liver transplantation in the pig, the plasma activities of beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase were elevated as early as 15 min after establishing the hepatic circulation. The enzyme activities peaked at 3 h and returned to the initial level within 2-3 days. However, such substantial alterations were not observed in other enzymes, alpha-mannosidase and alpha-glucosidase. Similar reactions to those of the first three enzymes were found in aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase but with later peaks and slower eliminations. In light of the current study, the serial estimation of acid hydrolases may be useful to discover the extent of tissue injury and also to evaluate the effectiveness of various organ-preservation methods.
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PMID:Plasma lysosomal enzymes after liver transplantation in the pig. 181 48

The effect of cyclosporine on hepatic ischemia was investigated. Hepatic ischemia was produced for 90 min in mongrel dogs. Experimental dogs were divided into three groups as follows: group A (control group), group B (CsA pretreatment group), group C (CsA posttreatment group). CsA was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day for 3 days in the pre- or postoperative period. Survival rates were 61.5% in group A, 84.6% in group B, and 30.8% in group C. Enzymatic activity such as aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase was highest in group C, lowest in group B, and intermediate in group A. Opposite results were obtained for serum albumin concentrations. The mechanisms of the effect was investigated using a 60-min hepatic ischemia model. Serum levels of beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase in group B were lower than those in group A and group C. Electronmicroscopic specimens taken at 16 h after 60-min hepatic ischemia demonstrated that the extent of ischemic injury was mildest in group B. The present study demonstrated a beneficial effect on hepatic ischemia of CsA administered for 3 days prior to the ischemia. One of the mechanisms for this beneficial effect could be the stabilization of lysosomal membranes. These results suggest that CsA should be administered to a donor before organ harvesting for liver transplantation because of this beneficial effect.
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PMID:Beneficial effect of cyclosporine pretreatment in canine liver ischemia. Enzymatic and electronmicroscopic studies. 190 40

A prospective study was performed in the Dutch flower bulb culture to investigate the possible effects of subchronic exposure to the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP) on liver and kidney function and on glutathione conjugation capacity in blood. Urine spot samples and venous blood samples from 14 workers applying DCP (applicators) were taken at the start of the season in July, and after the season in October. The parameters of liver function measured were: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and total bilirubin (conjugated and unconjugated). Total bilirubin was significantly decreased from 9.5 before to 7.0 mumol/l after the season. In combination with an increase in serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity from 12.5 to 19.5 U/l this indicates moderate hepatic enzyme induction. To study renal function, creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin in serum, and beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, alanine aminopeptidase, beta-galactosidase, and retinol binding protein in urine were measured. The glomerular function parameters albumin in urine and creatinine in serum changed significantly during the season: albumin concentration increased from 5.2 to 7.6 mg/l, whereas creatinine concentration [corrected] decreased from 93.0 to 87.5 mumol/l. The tubular function parameter retinol binding protein also increased in concentration from 20.0 to 26.9 micrograms/l. Therefore, a subclinical nephrotoxic effect of subchronic exposure to DCP cannot be excluded. Effects on glutathione conjugation capacity were studied by measuring erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase activity and blood glutathione concentrations. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes was significantly decreased from 4.7 before to 3.3 U/g haemoglobin after the season. The same was true for the blood glutathione concentrations, which decreased from 0.93 to 0.82 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biological effect monitoring of occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene: effects on liver and renal function and on glutathione conjugation. 191 9

cDNA clones for rat cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cAspAT, L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase) [EC 2.6.1.1] were isolated from a rat cDNA library, and the primary structure of the gene for cAspAT was deduced from its cDNA sequence. Rat cAspAT consists of 412 amino acids and its molecular weight is 46,295. The deduced amino acid sequence of rat cAspAT was compared with the sequences of AspATs from other species. The degree of sequence identities of rat/mouse cAspAT, rat/pig cAspAT, rat/chicken cAspAT, rat/pig mAspAT, and rat/Escherichia coli AspAT were 97.1, 89.6, 81.7, 48.1, and 41.2%, respectively. A coding region of rat cAspAT cDNA was inserted into E. coli expression vector pUC9, and enzymatically active cAspAT was expressed as a beta-galactosidase-cAspAT hybrid protein. This hybrid protein represented about 18% of the soluble proteins in E. coli and its kinetic properties were comparable with those of cAspAT preparations purified from rat liver.
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PMID:Rat cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase: molecular cloning of cDNA and expression in Escherichia coli. 305 74

1. The rat uterus contains acid cathepsin, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, acid phosphatase and deoxyribonuclease II at concentrations comparable with those found in liver. Two non-hydrolytic uterine enzymes, cytochrome c oxidase and aspartate aminotransferase, display only 2-6% of the activity found in liver. 2. The concentrations of acid cathepsin and beta-glucuronidase are significantly decreased in pregnancy and increase 3-4-fold during post-partum involution. 3. The concentrations of beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase are not decreased in pregnancy and increase only 2-3-fold during involution. 4. The concentrations of these four acid hydrolases increase linearly during the first 4 days post partum and reach their peak values at the same time that wet weight and collagen content fall to their lowest point. 5. The concentration of deoxyribonuclease is depressed in pregnancy but does not rise above normal in the post-partum period. 6. Only a small proportion of each hydrolytic activity can be isolated in the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of sucrose homogenates of the rat uterus. This proportion increases during involution. However, the extensive mitochondrial rupture occurring during homogenization indicates that the technique is probably too harsh to obtain a true measure of the proportion of lysosomes present in the intact tissue. 7. There are no significant changes in either the concentration or subcellular distribution of the five acid hydrolases in the livers of the experimental rats during pregnancy or involution. In each case the largest proportion of the activity is found in the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of liver homogenates. 8. The results are interpreted in terms of the lysosomal theory of intracellular digestion.
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PMID:Acid hydrolases of the rat uterus in relation to pregnancy, post-partum involution and collagen breakdown. 589 45

The activities of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase in renal tissue and urine of rats treated with sodium tetrathionate were determined. A decrease of enzyme activities in renal tissue and an increase in urine were observed. The largest decrease in the glutamate dehydrogenase of renal tissue amounted to 0.7 times the control value, and was correlated with an appropriate increase in the urine. Increases in urinary enzyme activity were especially marked for beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (3 and 6 times the control values, respectively). The increase in enzyme activities was not accompanied by a corresponding change in the urinary protein. Characterization of urinary lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase isoenzymes also indicates the renal origin of these enzymes. The abnormally high enzyme activities of the urine correlated with the nature and degree of renal damage shown by electron microscopy.
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PMID:Effect of sodium tetrathionate on the activities of some enzymes in kidney and urine. 611 89

Advances in liver surgery and transplantation have lead to a steady increase in the number of these interventions. Prompt quantitative assessment of hepatic of hepatic function and a patient's subsequent morbidity and mortality following surgery remain difficult despite the currently utilized historic markers of hepatic parenchymal injury (e.g., aspartate transaminase [AST], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT]). Increases in serum glycohydrolase activities appear to provide sensitive and quantitative markers of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. In 10 male swine (25 to 35 kg body weight) following 30, 45, and 90 minutes of acute hepatic ischemia, the systemic release of eight different glycohydrolases and lipid peroxides into serum were determined and compared with pre- and postischemic serum levels of LDH, GGT, and AST. The rapid release of glycohydrolases into serum was directly proportional to the length of the ischemic period from 30 to 90 minutes; e.g., beta-glucosidase, mean 1.9-fold increase at 30 minutes; 8.3-fold at 45 minutes; and 22.8-fold at 90 minutes; P < .002) and the activities peaked within the first 3 hours postischemia. In constrast, AST, LDH, and GGT were released slowly and peaked 20 to 30 hours after hepatic blood flow was restored. In swine with fatal outcomes (90 minutes of ischemia), all enzyme levels increased continuously during the final hours of life. However, in swine that survived hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (45 minutes of ischemia) the glycohydrolases, but not AST, LDH, and GGT, declined after 2 to 3 hours' postischemia and the serum lipid peroxide levels followed the same pattern. Serum beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase levels are sensitive markers that rise as quickly as traditional enzyme markers (AST, LDH, GGT) following hepatic ischemic injury; moreover, the glycohydrolases have the added value of serving as predictors of survival.
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PMID:Glycohydrolases as markers of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and recovery. 870 56


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