Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is possible that one of the consequences of regular physical activity could be a change of vascular metabolism. We studied the effects of regular swimming activity on specific activities of aortic hydrolases of male rats. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase and lysosomal beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 8 or 16 weeks of a 1-hour/day swimming protocol, specific activities of four of the six aortic enzymes studied were increased over control levels, increases ranging from 7 to more than 42%. Acid cholesteryl esterase was one of the enzymes most affected by the exercise, increasing 25-30% above control levels. An 8-week sedentary period, after 8 weeks of a swimming regimen, resulted in return of the activity of acid cholesteryl esterase, but not those of the other hydrolases, to control levels. Decreases in body weight, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels also occurred in the swimming rats. Weight reduction per se was excluded as an explanation for the increases in aortic enzymes or decrease in serum cholesterol found with swimming. These findings show that regular physical activity is yet another factor with discrete and significant effects on the catabolic activity of vascular tissue.
 ...
PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. III. Effects of regular swimming activity and its cessation. 11 28

Vascular disease in diabetics could arise in part from altered vessel wall catebolism. Specific activities of hydrolases in aortic smooth muscle cells from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were measured. Enyzmes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 4,8, and 11 weeks of diabetes, activities of all enzymes studied were decreased significantly in diabetic vessels, decreases ranging from 15% for cathepsin C to 62% for alpha-mannosidase. After 3 weeks of diabetes, insulin treatment for 1 week restored enzyme levels to normal. After 7 weeks of diabetes, 1 week of insulin treatment did not restore enzyme levels fully to normal (acid cholesteryl esterase was unchanged); 4 weeks of insulin did. Acid phosphatase and N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase activities were reduced markedly in histochemical studies of diabetic aortas at all time periods and were restored by insulin treatment. Alloxan-induced diabetes gave results similar to those with streptozotocin. Significant decreases of aortic hydrolase activities, including those of lysosomes, occur in experimental diabetes mellitus and could contribute to accumulation of substrates in vascular smooth muscle cells.
 ...
PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. I. Effects of diabetes mellitus and insulin treatment. 14 80

Hypertension is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and often occurs in association with diabetes mellitus. Specific activities of hydrolases in homogenates of aortas from rats with renal-clip hypertension, normotension following a period of hypertension, and hypertension combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus were measured. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 6 or 12 weeks of hypertension, specific activities of all enzymes measured were significantly increased, levels ranging from 24% above normal for cathepsin C to 351% above normal for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Six weeks of normotension following 6 weeks of hypertension resulted in restoration to normal of four of the six enzyme activities; the remaining two enzymes were significantly below normal levels. Combined hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed smooth muscle cell levels of four of the five hydrolases measured to be significantly lower than those present with hypertension alone. In every instance, histochemical studies of aortas showed acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities which corresponded to the biochemical findings. These findings indicate profound and discrete effects of two clinical risk factors on vascular smooth muscle cell lysosomes.
 ...
PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. II. Effects of hypertension alone and in combination with diabetes mellitus. 65 43

1. Boar semen was separated on a Percoll density gradient into three populations; a low-density band of immature sperm cells containing a cytoplasmic droplet and a high-density doublet band formed by spermatozoa without a cytoplasmic droplet. 2. In these three cell populations four acid hydrolases were determined, viz. (1) alpha-glucosidase; (2) alpha-mannosidase; (3) beta-galactosidase; (4) beta-hexosaminidase. 3. The release of the hydrolases (1), (2) and (3) from cytoplasmic droplet containing spermatozoa was stimulated whereas the release of beta-hexosaminidase was inhibited by calcium ions. 4. The results suggest that acid alpha-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase and beta-galactosidase are situated in the acrosome whereas acid beta-hexosaminidase is localized predominantly in the cytoplasmic droplet of boar spermatozoa. 5. We conclude that beta-hexosaminidase should prove useful as a biochemical marker for cytoplasmic droplet containing spermatozoa and hence for the number of immature sperm cells in boar semen.
 ...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of boar spermatozoa with and without a cytoplasmic droplet. 214 Aug

Different enzymatic activities were studied in the human pancreatic cancer cell line CAPAN-1 in order to analyze their relation to differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase (Alk Ph), acid phosphatase, aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, acid and neutral alpha-glucosidases, and acid beta-galactosidase were present. Especially alkaline phosphatase, which we have found to be of the placental type isoenzyme, is being highly expressed. Spontaneous cell differentiation at confluence as well as differentiating agents: sodium butyrate and DMSO, modulated the levels of three enzymes: Alk. Ph., aminopeptidase, and acid alpha-glucosidase. The exposure of the cells to the differentiating agents amplified the modulations occurring during the spontaneous differentiation. Aminopeptidase and acid alpha-glucosidase were found to be induced by differentiation. Alk Ph specific activity was significantly increased by the spontaneous and the butyrate-induced differentiations; whereas DMSO exerted an opposite effect, probably related to its biphasic action on cell proliferation.
 ...
PMID:Modulation of enzymatic activities during spontaneous and induced differentiation in a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line CAPAN-1. 254 14

Normal arterial foci which take up Evans blue dye (EBD) in vivo are believed to represent atherosclerosis-prone, hemodynamically stressed foci compared to areas which exclude dye. We have used the rabbit EBD model to examine focal aortic hydrolases of blue areas versus white areas, and we report herein significant focal variations of hydrolase activities. Enzymes measured included neutral alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin C, and acid cholesteryl esterase (ACE); specific activities were expressed on the basis of tissue DNA. In correlative areas of EBD uptake in normal rabbit aortic arch, ACE activity averaged 17% higher and cathepsin C activity averaged 37% lower than activities of areas free of EBD in the descending thoracic aorta (P less than 0.02). None of the glycosidases studied differed significantly between blue and white aortic areas. These findings indicate that discrete, intrinsic differences of hydrolytic enzyme activities exist in the normal rabbit aorta in areas delineated by in vivo EBD uptake, areas recognized as lesion-prone vs lesion-resistant.
 ...
PMID:Intrinsic focal variations of rabbit aortic hydrolase activities. 276 19

Various lysosomal acid hydrolases from tissues of Niemann-Pick mice, a mutant strain of C57BL/KsJ mice (spm/spm), were examined and compared to those from control mice. Activities of beta-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsin L were elevated in the liver and spleen of the affected mice, whereas no significant changes in beta-glucosidase and acid alpha-glucosidase were observed. Alpha-Mannosidase and neutral alpha-glucosidase activities were rather decreased in the affected mouse liver. The level of beta-hexosaminidase in the Niemann-Pick mice was raised sixfold in the liver and two- to threefold in the spleen and brain, whereas its total activity was decreased in the kidney. Sixty to ninety percent of total activity of lysosomal hydrolases was solubilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in control mice, but most of the beta-hexosaminidase activity of the Niemann-Pick mice remained associated with the membrane fraction of liver lysosomes. The beta-hexosaminidase of the Niemann-Pick mice was appreciably stable when heated at 55 degrees C, while hydrolases of the affected mice and all of the enzymes tested in control mice were heat labile. The relative content of two beta-hexosaminidase fractions separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography was 8% for beta-hexosaminidase I and 92% for beta-hexosaminidase II in the case of the control mouse liver. The isozyme pattern of hexosaminidases in Niemann-Pick mice was similar to that of control enzymes. However, the beta-hexosaminidase II accumulated in Niemann-Pick mouse liver was different from that of the control in optimum pH, Km values and thermostability.
 ...
PMID:Properties of lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase accumulated in Niemann-Pick mouse liver. 294 29

We examined specific activities (based on DNA) of six glycosidases and cathepsin C in aorta, kidney, and liver from male rats of 2, 6, 10, and 14 months of age. The premise was that assessing cellular catabolism of arterial and nonvascular tissues over age might more fully clarify the impact of age (and growth) alone upon vascular wall metabolism. All aortic glycosidases increased significantly (P less than 0.05) over the holding period as follows: neutral alpha-glucosidase, up 93%; beta-galactosidase, up 102%; N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, up 119%; alpha-mannosidase, up 77%; beta-glucuronidase, up 65%; acid alpha-glucosidase, up 95%. Cathepsin C specific activity was unchanged as was aortic DNA content; total protein content increased 136%. In the kidney, all glycosidase specific activities declined over age with decreases ranging 39-55%; cathepsin C was unchanged. In the liver, neutral alpha-glucosidase increased 12%, acid alpha-glucosidase was unchanged, and the four remaining glycosidases decreased an average of 5-35% by 14 months of age. Liver cathepsin C decreased 44% over this period. Thus, enhancement of hydrolase baseline activities prevails during growth and aging in rat aortic tissue whereas hydrolases of kidney and liver tissues generally decline.
 ...
PMID:Hydrolase activities increase in the rat aorta with growth and aging but not in liver and kidney. 309 18

Seven glycosidases (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, acid alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, acid and neutral alpha-mannosidase) were analysed in seminal plasma from the first and second successive ejaculates in normal Ayrshire bulls. In comparison to our previous data the results indicate that beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase are derived mainly from epididymal secretions, while alpha-fucosidase and particularly neutral alpha-mannosidase originate additionally from the spermatozoan cytoplasmic droplets. The seminal vesicles appear to contribute particularly to the seminal plasma acid alpha-glucosidase and acid alpha-mannosidase activities. The seminal plasma enzymes derived from the epididymis and cytoplasmic droplets were suppressed in semen samples with low sperm density or with high numbers of abnormal spermatozoa. The epididymal and seminal vesicle enzymes could be utilized in assessment of the secretory/functional capacity of these glands.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of glycosidase levels in bovine seminal plasma. 311 30

1. The intestinal disaccharidase activities of a suckling crabeater seal were investigated. 2. Lactase, maltase, isomaltase and cellobiase activities were readily detected but trehalase and sucrase activities were absent. 3. The intestinal homogenates were separated into a soluble (S2) fraction and a particulate brush border (P2) fraction. The lactase activities of the two fractions had different properties corresponding to those of an acid and a neutral beta-galactosidase respectively. Approximately two-thirds of the total lactase activity measured at pH 6.0 was due to the acid beta-galactosidase. 4. The isomaltase and cellobiase activities were found almost exclusively in the particulate fractions but about one third of the maltase activity was in the S2 fraction. This soluble maltase activity appeared to be due to an acid maltase.
 ...
PMID:Intestinal lactase and other disaccharidase activities of a suckling crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus). 313 70


1 2 Next >>