Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Membrane vesicles can be prepared from murine lymphoid cells by nitrogen cavitation and fractionated by sedimentation through nonlinear sucrose density gradients. Two subpopulations of membrane vesicles, PMI and PMII, can be distinguished on the basis of sedimentation rate. The subcellular distribution of adenylate and guanylate cyclases in these membrane subpopulations have been compared with the distribution of a number of marker enzymes. Approximately 20-30% of the total adenylate and guanylate cyclase activity is located at the top of the sucrose gradient (soluble enzyme), the remainder of the activity being distributed in the PMI and PMII fractions (membrane-bound enzyme). More than 90% of the 5'-nucleotidase and NADH oxidase activities detected in lymphoid cell homogenates are located in PMI and PMII fractions, whereas succinate cytochrome c reductase activity is detected only in the PMII fractions. In addition, beta-galactosidase activity is distributed in the soluble and PMII fractions of the sucrose density gradients. On the basis of the fractionation patterns of these various enzyme activities, it appears that PMI fractions contain vesicles of plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, whereas PMII fractions contain mitochondria, lysomes, and plasma membrane vesicles. Approximately 30-40% of the adenylate and guanylate cyclase activities in PMII can be converted to a PMI-like form following dialysis and resedimentation through a second nonlinear sucrose gradient. Adenylate and guanulate cyclases can be distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to nonionic detergents.
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PMID:The subcellular distribution of adenylate and guanylate cyclases in murine lymphoid cells. 0 90

Sulphatide (cerebroside sulphate) metabolism of C3H/He mouse kidney was investigated in the course of compensatory renal hypertrophy in association with the change of [Na+,K+]-dependent ATPase, arylsulfatase A and beta-galactosidase activity. A remarkable increase in 35S incorporation into kidney sulphatide was observed 24 hours and especially 7 days after unilateral nephrectomy. In contrast, no significant alteration of 32P incorporation into major phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin was demonstrated in the compensatory hypertrophied mouse kidney. [Na+, K+]-dependent ATPase increased to 126% of control in the remaining kidneys on 7 days after operation. Specific increase in 35S specific activity of kidney sulphatide suggests its possible link with the process of active ion transport through membrane-bound [Na+,K+]-dependent ATPase. Arylsulphatase A activity increased to 151% of control on days, while little change was observed in beta-galactosidase activity. These results suggest a sole concern of a turnover of sulphate moiety of sulphatide molecule in the elevated metabolism.
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PMID:Enhancement of sulphatide metabolism in the hypertrophied kidney of C3H/He mouse with reference to [Na+, K+]-dependent ATPase. 0 13

The Fluoro Ultra Micro Enzyme Linked Immuno Assay (FUMELIA) allows one routinely and quantitatively to measure a few thousand antigenic determinants on single cells. Highly purified Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase has been coupled to specific antibodies. By use of the Parafilm microcuvette techniuqe, the activity of the antibody-conjugated beta-galactosidase is assayed with a conventional spectrophotofluorometer. Attempts were undertaken to sensitize FUMELIA even further, so as to be able to detect a very few antigenic sites. It seems that even in its present state of development FUMELIA is more sensitive for the quantitation of cell-associated antigens than are techniques in which radiolabeled reagents are used. The potential of FUMELIA is illustrated by the quantitative measurement of membrane-bound immunoglobulins on single lymphocytes. It could be shown that T-cells as well as C-cells can synthesize Ig antigenic determinants. Thus it seems likely that T-cell receptors will, after all, be found to be immunoglobulins.
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PMID:Quantitative ultramicro-scale immunoenzymic method for measuring Ig antigenic determinants in single cells. 7 53

In in vitro tests with lysosomes isolated from the liver and kidneys of castrated rats of both sexes the action of testosterone and beta-estradiol in concentrations of 3.76.10(-4)M on the activity of beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase was investigated. Testosterone is shown to reduce the total and free activity of the membrane-bound enzymes and to increase the release from the matrix lysosomes. Estradiol proved less active than is testosteron. The renal lysosomes in vitro are more sensitive to the action of sex hormones than are hepatic lysosomes. In the interaction of testosterone and estradiol with lysosomal membranes a sex specificity was revealed.
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PMID:[The effects of testosterone and estradiol on the activity of lysosomal enzymes in rat liver and kidneys]. 9 95

Tyramine oxidase in Klebsiella aerogenes is highly specific for tyramine, dopamine, octopamine, and norepinephrine, and its synthesis is induced specifically by these compounds. The enzyme is present in a membrane-bound form. The Km value for tyramine is 9 X 10(-4) M. Tyramine oxidase synthesis was subjected to catabolite repression by glucose in the presence of ammonium salts. Addition of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) overcame the catabolite repression. A mutant strain, K711, which can produce a high level of beta-galactosidase in the presence of glucose and ammonium chloride, can also synthesize tyramine oxidase and histidase in the presence of inducer in glucose ammonium medium. Catabolite repression of tyramine oxidase synthesis was relieved when the cells were grown under conditions of nitrogen limitation, whereas beta-galactosidase was strongly repressed under these conditions. A cAMP-requiring mutant, MK54, synthesized tyramine oxidase rapidly when tyramine was used as the sole source of nitrogen in the absence of cAMP. However, a glutamine synthetase-constitutive mutant, MK94, failed to synthesize tyramine oxidase in the presence of glucose and ammonium chloride, although it synthesized histidase rapidly under these conditions. These results suggest that catabolite repression of tyramine oxidase synthesis in K. aerogenes is regulated by the intracellular level of cAMP and an unknown cytoplasmic factor that acts independently of cAMP and is formed under conditions of nitrogen limitation.
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PMID:Regulation of tyramine oxidase synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes. 17 74

An autopsy case of I-cell disease was examined by histological, histochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical methods. Cultured fibroblasts contained numerous PAS- and oil-red O positive granules consistent with lysosomes. The beta-galactosidase activity was specifically low in liver of the patient. The fiboblast-like cells including the cardiac valves, periosteum and stromal cells of the organs were closely similar to those found in mucopolysaccharidoses histochemically as well as ultrastructurally. Lipid-like materials were observed massively in the myocardium and in the neurons of spinal ganglia, and from these organs excessive amount of ceramide tri-hexosides (CTH) was extracted. In a few hepatocytes the dense membrane-bound bodies suggestive of lipids were found by electron microscopy. Swollen glomerular epithelium contained strongly colloidal-iron positive material, but the amount of mucopolysaccharides in kidney was not elevated. In this paper, the relationship among the morphology, the material stored and the enzymes was discussed.
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PMID:I-cell disease (mucolipidosis 11). Pathological and biochemical studies of an autopsy case. 19 52

The electron microscope demonstration of reaction products of the acid phosphatase within matrix vesicles (=extracellular membrane-bound corpuscles) of the wall of hemodynamic or metabolic imbalanced arteries stimulated experiments about the activities of lysosomal enzymes in the wall of wrongly loaded arteries. In our case arteries without any hemodynamic function (="null function") were investigated 4, 5, 7, 13 and 14 days after applying a ligature. In relation to the nonligated testicular arteries of the other side the wall of theligated vessels show an increase of lysosomal glycosidases (beta-N-Acetyl-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase) about 40-70%. The significance of the extracellular lysosomes for transformations of the vessel wall under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.
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PMID:[Lysosomes and lysosomal enzymes in the wall of imbalanced arteries of rats (author's transl)]. 89 62

The effect of the mycotoxin of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. sporotrichioides (sporofusarin) was studied in vitro on the total and nonsedimenting activity of eight lysosomal enzymes: acid ribonuclease, aryl sulfatases A and B, beta-glucuronidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidases, beta-glucosidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase, and alpha-mannosidase. Incubation of a suspension of rat liver lysosomes with an aqueous solution of sporofusarin led to inhibition of the total activity of the membrane-bound lysosomal enzyme beta-glucosidase. In a dose of only 1.6 x 10-5 M sporofusarin caused a significant increase in the nonsedimenting activity of nearly all the enzymes; in a concentration of 1.6 x 10-3 M most of the enzymes of the lysosomal matrix (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, aryl sulfatases A and B) were liberated almost completely into the supernatant, and nearly all the beta-glucosidase also was liberated. It is postulated that damage to the subcellular membranes is an important component of the toxic action of sporofusarin.
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PMID:Action of the mycotoxin of Fusarium sporotrichiella v. sporotrichioides on lysosomal membranes. 111 54

The czcR gene, one of the two control genes responsible for induction of resistance to Co2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ (czc system) in the Alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pMOL30, was cloned and characterized. The 1,376-bp sequence upstream of the czcCBAD structural genes encodes a 41.4-kDa protein, the czcR gene product, transcribed in the opposite direction of that of the czcCBAD genes. The putative CzcR polypeptide (355 amino acid residues) contains 11 cysteine and 14 histidine residues which might form metal cation-binding sites. A czcC::lacZ reporter gene translational fusion was constructed, inserted into plasmid pMOL30 in A. eutrophus, and expressed under the control of CzcR. Zn2+, Co2+, and Cd2+, as well as Ni2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, and Mn2+ and even Al3+, served as inducers of beta-galactosidase activity. Besides the CzcR protein, the membrane-bound CzcD protein was essential for induction of czc. The CzcR and CzcD proteins display no sequence similarity to two-component regulatory systems of a sensor and a response activator type; however, CzcD has 34% identity with the ZRC-1 protein, which mediates zinc resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (A. Kamizomo, M. Nishizawa, Y. Teranishi, K. Murata, and A. Kimura, Mol. Gen. Genet. 219:161-167, 1989).
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PMID:CzcR and CzcD, gene products affecting regulation of resistance to cobalt, zinc, and cadmium (czc system) in Alcaligenes eutrophus. 145 58

A convenient means was devised for the purification of milligram quantities of a soluble form of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (Man-6-P/IGF II receptor). The receptor was purified to near homogeneity from bovine serum by affinity chromatography on agarose-pentamannosephosphate in the absence of detergent. Approximately 2.5 mg of receptor were obtained from 500 ml of fetal calf serum. The concentration of receptor in serum decreased sharply with development. Fetal calf serum Man-6-P/IGF II receptor was immunologically similar to detergent-solubilized, membrane-bound Man-6-P/IGF II receptor from bovine liver. N-Terminal sequence analysis revealed that the purified serum receptor, but not the solubilized, membrane-associated receptor, contains stoichiometric amounts of bound IGF II. The results of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel chromatography studies suggest that the fetal calf serum receptor (in contrast to the solubilized, membrane-bound bovine testis receptor) does not aggregate. The affinity of the fetal calf serum receptor for bovine testis beta-galactosidase approximated one-half that observed for solubilized, membrane-bound bovine testis receptor.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor from bovine serum. 166 5


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