Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monoclonal IgG1 antibodies 2C8 and 2F7, derived by immunization of mice with a glycoprotein-enriched fraction of human ovarian adenocarcinoma, recognized a 60 kD glycoprotein in the ovarian tumor but not in normal ovary. Survey of other normal adult tissues by an indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) revealed the presence of the antigen in trace amounts in various normal organs such as small intestine, liver colon and urinary bladder, except in lung where its concentration was as high as in tumors. Among fetal tissues tested, intestine and placenta had the highest activities. By RIA, about 50% of ovarian and colonic tumors had elevated levels of the antigen. All ovarian cyst fluids, both benign as well as malignant, also contained a high level of the antigen. Immunodepletion studies indicated that the antigen was distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen and the ovarian cancer antigens described in our laboratory with other monoclonal antibodies. The antigen bound to Con A-Sepharose and was eluted with 2% alpha-D-mannoside, was soluble in 0.6 M perchloric acid and stable at 100 degrees C for 30 min. The antigenic activity in isolated plasma membrane enriched fractions of ovarian adenocarcinomas was sensitive to trypsin, chymotrypsin or protease treatment but unaffected by neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, periodate or methanol treatment. By immunoperoxidase staining, the antigen was localized in a variety of human tumors showing widespread distribution.
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PMID:Production and characterization of monoclonal antibody to a 60-kD glycoprotein in ovarian carcinoma. 389 88

Inhibition by ethanol of the activities of lysosomal exoglycosidases in stomach, small intestine, liver and brain of rats exposed to cadmium (Cd2+) was determined. Out of the glycosidases tested the most distinct effect of Cd2+ and ethanol administered to the rats in vivo was observed in the small intestinal mucosa in a decreasing order: N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-fucosidase.
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PMID:Influence of ethanol on the activity of glycosidases in rats exposed to cadmium (Cd2+). 858 79

The murine Hoxa1 gene is a member of the vertebrate Hox complex and plays a role in defining the body plan during development. At day 8.0-9.0 post coitus, Hoxa1 transcripts are detected extensively throughout the embryo in the neural tube, adjacent mesenchyme, paraxial mesoderm, somites and gut epithelium; expression extends from the most caudal region of the embryo to the rhombomere 3/4 border. This spatiotemporal expression of Hoxa1 mRNA is critical for normal embryonic development. We have previously identified a 10 bp element, called CE2, which is located approximately 3 kilobases 3' of the Hoxa1 coding region in the RAIDR5 enhancer, and which binds to an approximately 170 kd protein in retinoic acid treated P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. CE2 elements were also identified 3' of the murine Hoxb1 gene, the chicken Hoxb1 gene and the human Hoxa1 gene. To examine the role of this CE2 element in regulating Hoxa1 expression in vivo, transgenic mice were generated which express a Hoxa1 beta-galactosidase reporter gene that contains a mutation in the CE2 element. Relative to transgenic mice bearing a wild type CE2 element, the mutant CE2 construct recapitulated rhombomeric, neural, and gut epithelium expression but failed to show beta-galactosidase expression in somites and adjacent mesenchymal tissue. Gel shift analysis showed that binding activity similar to that detected in extracts prepared from retinoic acid treated P19 cells was present in nuclear extracts prepared from day 9.0 embryos. However, an additional binding complex not detected in P19 cells was also observed. These results indicate that in transgenic animals, the evolutionary conserved CE2 element is a somite and adjacent mesenchymal enhancer of Hoxa1 expression.
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PMID:An evolutionary conserved element is essential for somite and adjacent mesenchymal expression of the Hoxa1 gene. 943 27

Homeobox genes play key roles in specifying body part identity during vertebrate embryonic development. Retinoids are signaling molecules involved in the regulation of expression of homeobox genes. We have previously identified an retinoic acid (RA)-inducible enhancer (RAIDR5) located approximately 6.5 kb 3' of the coding region of the murine Hoxb1 gene. This 3' enhancer contains three sequences that are highly conserved in similar RA-inducible enhancers identified in the murine and human Hoxa1 genes and in the chicken Hoxb1 gene. One element, a DR5 RA response element, contributes to the RA inducibility of a Hoxb1 reporter gene construct in F9 cells. In this report, further analysis of the other two elements of the Hoxb1 3' enhancer is reported. The two other sequences, conserved element (CE) 1 and CE2, act as negative elements in cultured F9 cells; when either is mutated, an increase in the beta-galactosidase activity of a Hoxb1 reporter gene construct results. A single Hoxb1 CE2 DNA element:protein binding complex was detected in F9 stem cells, and experiments suggest that this is the same binding protein that recognizes the CE2 element of Hoxa1. In a variant F9 cell line in which both allelic copies of the RA receptor gamma (RARgamma) gene are disrupted, the CE2 binding complex is absent, and this absence correlates with the inability of the CE2 element to function as a repressor of Hoxb1 reporter gene expression in these cells. A single Hoxb1 CE1 binding complex is also detected by gel shift assays in nuclear extracts prepared from both stem and RA-treated F9 cells. This complex contains an Mr approximately 200,000 protein as shown by UV cross-linking. Although the sequences of the CE1 elements of Hoxb1 and Hoxa1 are highly conserved, they differ by two nucleotides. Gel shift analysis shows that either of these nucleotide changes prevents binding of F9 cell protein extracts. When gel shift assays were performed using nuclear extracts prepared from mouse embryos at a time when Hoxb1 mRNA is expressed, i.e., day 9.0, CE1 and CE2 binding complexes identical in mobility to those detected in F9 cells were observed. This suggests roles for both the CE1 and CE2 elements in regulating Hoxb1 gene expression during development.
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PMID:The murine Hoxb1 3' RAIDR5 enhancer contains multiple regulatory elements. 986 97

Salmonella enteritidis infection has received attention during recent years owing to its high prevalence worldwide. In the present study, the protective effect of probiotic dahi (curd) supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei against Salmonella enteritidis infection in mice is investigated. Seven days pre-feeding with probiotic dahi significantly increased anti-S. enteritidis sIgA (secretary IgA) antibodies and lymphocyte proliferation in S. enteritidis infected mice. IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma production were significantly increased in supernatant of cultured splenocytes collected from mice pre-fed with probiotic dahi, while IL-4 levels were not changed significantly. Moreover, activities of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase, and counts of S. enteritidis in intestine, liver and spleen were decreased, whereas total lactobacilli in faeces were increased in mice pre-fed with probiotic dahi. Pre-feeding of probiotic dahi for 7 days was more effective than 2 days pre-feeding. Thus, the results indicate that, pre-feeding with probiotic dahi ameliorated S. enteritidis infection by stimulating specific and non-specific immune response. Above all, it lowered colonization of gastrointestinal tract as well as translocation of S. enteritidis.
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PMID:Dahi containing probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei has a protective effect against Salmonella enteritidis infection in mice. 1914 89

Previous studies using different techniques have shown that adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to different tissues, including the kidney, is more efficient in neonatal mice. In this study, we report a simple technique that allows an efficient and long term expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in the heart of newborn mice. Newborn and adult C57BL6/J mice were subjected to a single retro-orbital venous plexus injection of recombinant adenoviral vectors (rAd) (2 x 10(9) particles/g body weight) carrying the lac Z gene. Seven days after the injection, positive beta-gal staining was systematically observed in the heart, lung, intestine, liver, kidney and spleen of newborn mice. However, only the heart showed persistent expression of beta-gal one year after the initial injection. In contrast, adult mice showed only significant but transient beta-gal expression mainly in the liver. In summary, we have found that a single retro-orbital intravenous injection can be used to establish a long-term adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to cardiac cells of newborn mice.
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PMID:A simple technique to establish a long-term adenovirus mediated gene transfer to the heart of newborn mice. 1951 72