Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, Pimpla hypochondriaca has previously been shown to contain a mixture of biologically active molecules. Currently, P. hypochondriaca venom was examined for the presence of hydrolase activity. Six hydrolases were consistently detected using the API ZYM semiquantitative colourimetric kit. The main hydrolases detected were; acid phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, esterase, beta-galactosidase, esterase lipase, and lipase. The most rapid and intense colour reaction was detected for acid phosphatase. The pH optimum and the specific activity of venom acid phosphatase was determined using p-nitrophenol phosphate as a substrate and were 4.8 and 0.47 nmol p-nitrophenol/min/microg of venom protein, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by sodium fluoride (IC(50) 4.2 x 10(-4) M), and by cocktail inhibitor 2 (CI 2). P. hypochondriaca venom has previously been shown to display potent cytotoxic activity towards Lacanobia oleracea haemocytes maintained in vitro. The contribution of acid phosphatase in venom to this cytotoxic activity was investigated by titrating venom against CI 2 prior to the addition of L. oleracea haemocytes. The results suggest that, despite the relatively high levels of acid phosphatase activity in venom, venom acid phosphatase plays no role in the antihaemocytic activity of P. hypochondriaca venom in vitro.
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PMID:Hydrolase activity in the venom of the pupal endoparasitic wasp, Pimpla hypochondriaca. 1593 65

Activity of hydrolases during the third and fourth larval stage of Anisakis simplex was identified by applying the API ZYM test method. In A. simplex larvae the activity of phosphatases was high, particularly that of acid phosphatase (40 nmol/mg(-1)). Among esterases lack of activity of lipase (C14) is worth noticing while the activity of esterases (C4) and (C8) was high. The activity of those later two enzymes was higher in L3 larvae than in L4 larvae. The highest activity in the subclass of glucosidases was recorded for beta-fucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. A higher activity in L3 larvae than in L4 larvae was recorded for: beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (2-fold) and beta-fucosidase (3-fold). Differently the activity of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase was higher in L4 larvae than in L3 larvae. The tests did not show activity of alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase on both larval forms.
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PMID:The activity of hydrolases of larval stages of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda). 1686 60

The use of sodium chloride to melt highway and road snow is believed to have a significant effect on the groundwater ecosystem of the rivers where the salt from the roads drain. As the river composition changes, the bacterial population also changes to favour those bacteria that are more suited to the higher salt concentrations. In this experiment, we surveyed the cultivable salt-loving organisms (halophiles) on three sites that encompass the Rouge River (Lotz; site 1, Lilly, site; 8, and Ford Field, site 9). A total of 125 isolates were surveyed. Representative isolates of distinct morphologies were subjected to physiological test, using API strips and identified by 16 rDNA sequence analysis. The 16S rDNA sequences were analyzed and compared with sequences from Genbank. Results indicated that the SSU rRNA sequences of the bacterial isolates were similar to six major genera, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Halobacillus, Paenabacillus, Halomonas, and Clostridium. Half of the isolates sequenced were similar to Bacillus spp. The API assay showed that the majority of the isolates were positive for the enzymes tryptophane deaminase, gelatinase and beta-galactosidase. Indole production, acetoin production and citrate utilization were not observed for any isolates. Fermentation of carbohydrates was observed for very few isolates. The primary enzyme found in all isolates was arginine dihydrolase, which might be an indicator of the presence of such enzyme in halophilic and halotolerant bacteria present in the Rouge River.
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PMID:Halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from river waters and shallow groundwater along the Rouge River of southeastern Michigan. 1743 82

The accuracy of a traditional method (lactose utilization with acid and gas production) for the detection of coliform bacteria and E. coli was tested in comparison with method ISO 9308-1 (based on acid formation from lactose) and the Colilert-18 system (detection of beta-galactosidase). A total of 345 isolates were identified after isolation from water samples using API 20E strips. The Colilert-18 led to the highest number of positive findings (95% of the isolates were assigned to coliforms), whereas the ISO-9308-1 method resulted only in 29% coliform findings. With the traditional method only 15% were rated positive. Most of the isolates were identified by the API 20E system as Enterobacter spp. (species of the Enterobacter cloacae complex), Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp.and Klebsiella spp.; but species identification remained vague in several cases. A more detailed identification of 126 pure cultures by using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and analysis of the hsp60 gene resulted in the identification of Enterobacter nimipressuralis, E. amnigenus, E. asburiae, E. hormaechei, and Serratia fonticola as predominat coliforms. These species are beta-galactosidase positive, but show acid formation from lactose often after a prolonged incubation time. They are often not of fecal origin and may interfere with the ability to accurately detect coliforms of fecal origin.
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PMID:Molecular identification of coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water reservoirs with traditional methods and the Colilert-18 system. 1787 Jun 68

The initial isolation of Helcococcus ovis from a valvular thrombus prompted us to investigate the prevalence of this bacterium in bovine valvular endocarditis. Specimens from 55 affected hearts were examined by culture using Columbia blood agar and cross streaking the inoculated plate with a Staphylococcus aureus strain. As confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, H. ovis was isolated with an unexpectedly high frequency of 33%, predominantly as heavy growth and pure culture. The majority of H. ovis isolates showed distinct satellitism around S. aureus and pyridoxal dependency, resembling "nutritionally variant streptococci" (now assigned to the genera Abiotrophia and Granulicatella). Using the API rapid ID 32 Strep, API ZYM, and Rosco Diatabs systems, incongruent results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and leucine aminopeptidase activities. Based on the satellitism/pyridoxal dependency; hemolysis on blood agar; the API rapid ID 32 Strep results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and pyroglutamic acid arylamidase activities; hippurate hydrolysis; and acidification of sucrose, a scheme for the identification of H. ovis and its differentiation from other members of the Helcococcus genus and the pyridoxal-dependent species Abiotrophia defectiva, Granulicatella adiacens, and Granulicatella elegans is proposed. By establishing specific fluorescence in situ hybridization, large H. ovis aggregates were specifically detected within the fibrinous exudate of the valvular thrombi. Our results demonstrate for the first time that H. ovis represents an emerging pathogen in bovine valvular endocarditis that is frequently isolated if appropriate culture conditions are used.
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PMID:Helcococcus ovis, an emerging pathogen in bovine valvular endocarditis. 1871 28

The terminology and classification of the Anginosus group streptococci has been inconsistent. We tested the utility of 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene sequencing and conventional biochemical tests for the reliable differentiation of the Anginosus group streptococci. Biochemical testing included Rapid ID 32 Strep, API Strep, Fluo-Card Milleri, Wee-tabs, and Lancefield antigen typing. Altogether, 61 Anginosus group isolates from skin and soft tissue infections and four reference strains were included. Our results showed a good agreement between 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene sequencing. Using the full sequence was less discriminatory than using the first part of the 16S rRNA gene. The three species could not be separated with the API 20 Strep test. Streptococcus intermedius could be differentiated from the other two species by beta-galactosidase (ONPG) and beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase reactions. Rapid ID 32 Strep beta-glucosidase reaction was useful in separating S. anginosus strains from S. constellatus. In conclusion, both 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene sequencing can be used for the reliable identification of the Anginosus group streptococci. S. intermedius can be readily differentiated from the other two species by phenotypic tests; however, 16S rRNA gene or tuf gene sequencing may be needed for separating some strains of S. constellatus from S. anginosus.
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PMID:Evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for differentiation of the members of the Anginosus group streptococci. 1949 18

The 16S rRNA genes of Ruegeria pelagia NBRC 102038T and Ruegeria mobilis NBRC 101030T were resequenced and the results confirmed that they differ by only one base in their almost full-length sequences (1425 nt). The gyrB gene sequence similarity between the two strains was also high (97.7%). The outcome of API 20NE, API ZYM and antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the two strains show only one difference, in beta-galactosidase activity, in API tests and five differences in susceptibility among 30 tested antibiotics. In addition, similar BOX-PCR fingerprints were obtained and the DNA-DNA relatedness between the two strains was 91+/-4%. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that Ruegeria pelagia Lee et al. 2007 is a later heterotypic synonym of Ruegeria mobilis Muramatsu et al. 2007.
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PMID:Ruegeria pelagia is a later heterotypic synonym of Ruegeria mobilis. 1978 9

This study is reporting an outbreak of subclinical mastitis due to beta-hemolytic group L streptococci in an Austrian dairy herd with a history of high somatic cell count. At the first survey 16 of 33 lactating cows (28 quarters of 132) were cultured positive for beta-hemolytic, CAMP and esculin negative cocci that grew on Columbia blood agar with small grey catalase negative colonies. With the commercial API 20 Strep system (bioMerieux, F) isolates were classified as members of streptococci group L. All tested strains (eight of 28) produced acid from ribose, lactose, trehalose, amidon and glycogen; they hydrolysed hippurate and showed beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, leucinaminopeptidase and arginindehydrolase activity. Isolates were sensitive to bacitracin but resistant to tetracycline. Using phenotypic characterisation as well as sequence analysis of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of a representative strain, recovered isolates were identified as Streptococcus (S.) dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis. Mastitis was characterized by normal milk secretions and absence of clinical abnormalities but high elevations of somatic cell count. Based on the characteristics of the strains and on the observations during the first herd survey, contagious transmission during milking as a result of poor milking hygiene was assumed. The mastitis was controlled through implementation of a strict hygiene protocol including use of single-use udder towels, post milking teat desinfection and cluster disinfection between milking cows in combination with antibiotic treatment of infected udders.
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PMID:[Outbreak of subclinical mastitis due to beta hemolytic group L streptococci (S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis) in an Austrian dairy herd]. 2205 92


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