Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, angiotensin I converting enzyme, beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was evaluated in 30 patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Higher than normal values were observed and the excretory enzyme pattern suggested tubular damage in patients with stones. A parallel study in the rat showed that an oxalate surcharge can promote increased urinary excretion of these enzymes. It is known that urothelium injury may enhance crystal adhesion. If the damage is primary it may be viewed as a promoting factor. If it is secondary it may be considered a factor capable of increasing salt precipitation.
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PMID:Increased urinary excretion of renal enzymes in idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. 613 62

Glycosidase activities in the adults and juveniles of the lung fluke Paragonimus ohirai and P. westermani adults were demonstrated histochemically. For comparative studies, histochemical examination was also made on the adults of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. The enzymes examined were N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). The distribution of beta-glucosaminidase was similar in juveniles and adults. Strong reaction sites for the enzyme were the caecal brush border, tegument, subtegumental cells and tests. In contrast, no staining reaction occurred in the caeca of F. hepatica, although the tegument and parenchymal cells were weakly stained. beta-glucuronidase activity was associated only with the luminal surface of the caeca in the juveniles. However, luminal contents also appeared stained and this might suggest that the activity in the caeca is not endogenous. beta-galactosidase was localized in the caeca, sub-tegmental cells and tegument in both juveniles and adults. No reaction occurred for the other two enzymes, alpha- and beta-glucosidase.
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PMID:Histochemical studies of glycosidase activity in juveniles and adults of the lung fluke Paragonimus. 622 Feb 58

The aim of our presentation was to show how we characterize cells cultured in monolayer system. Cytological and biochemical methods were used. Ovarian Krukenberg tumour fibroblasts were investigated and findings were correlated with normal human diploids (HDZ1) and with fibroblasts obtained from Blighted ovum. Cytomorphologically Malignancy associated changes in the tumour fibroblasts were found. Cytochemically acid phosphatase and alpha-naphtyl-esterase were positive (+++). PAS reaction was doubled in 18th passage. Cytogenetically normal human diploids were found. Biochemically enzymatic assay showed phosphopentose shunt is decreased in tumour fibroblasts and alpha-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activities were significantly lower in these cells. A form of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase fell during the investigation from normal 75% to lower percent (42% of the total activity). Much more parameters were obtained by different methods and Krukenberg tumour fibroblasts may be better understood. In vitro investigation makes a contribution to biomedical knowledge in cancer research.
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PMID:Cytological and biochemical methods for the characterization of in vitro cultured cells. 626 64

An experimental model of canine normothermic renal ischemia was used to determine whether lysosomal urinary enzyme excretion reflects the extent of ischemic cellular injury, as assessed by subsequent renal function (serum creatinine level) and morphologic changes. The value of a lysosomal membrane-stabilizing agent (methylprednisolone) in protecting kidneys from ischemic damage by preventing lysosomal enzyme release was assessed. Results showed conclusively that urinary enzyme activities of beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase are valuable indicators of renal cellular damage and functional outcome after ischemic injury, and that methylprednisolone at a dose of 30 mg/kg, given intravenously 1 hour before a 1-hour period of normothermic ischemia, protects the kidney both biologically and morphologically, by reducing the excretion of lysosomal enzymes after revascularization.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of methylprednisolone on urinary excretion of lysosomal enzymes in acute renal ischemia. 640 84

In these experiments, we tested the hypothesis that chloroquine, a lysosomotropic agent which modifies protein and lipid metabolism by hepatocyte lysosomes, would alter the biliary excretion of lipids and lysosomal enzymes. We treated male rats for 5 days with intraperitoneal chloroquine (50 mg/kg body wt, n = 9) or saline (n = 8) and collected bile for 6 h via bile fistulas; rats were then killed and livers homogenized for biochemical analyses or processed for electron microscopy. Chloroquine markedly increased the biliary excretion of three lysosomal enzymes (mean +/- SEM) expressed as milliunits of activity per gram liver: N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (24.4 +/- 2.7 vs. 12.5 +/- 1.4, p less than 0.01), beta-glucuronidase (26.4 +/- 4.7 vs. 10.9 +/- 1.4, p less than 0.01), and beta-galactosidase (9.8 +/- 1.7 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.8, p less than 0.05). In contrast, biliary outputs of enzymes associated with other organelles (e.g., alkaline phosphodiesterase I and lactic dehydrogenase) were unaffected by chloroquine treatment. Biliary cholesterol secretion was decreased after chloroquine administration (0.28 +/- 0.02 mumol/g liver vs. 0.39 +/- 0.03 mumol/g liver, p less than 0.01), but bile acid and phospholipid secretion were not altered; as a result, cholesterol saturation of bile decreased by 22% (p less than 0.05). Hepatic activities of all three lysosomal enzymes were increased after chloroquine administration (p less than 0.04); activities of enzymes associated with mitochondria, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell sap were not altered. Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs of rat livers demonstrated a marked increase (p less than 0.001) in the number of lysosomelike vesicles and autophagic vacuoles in the vicinity of bile canaliculi after chloroquine administration; also, the number of canalicular microvilli decreased (p less than 0.003) after chloroquine treatment. We conclude that altered hepatic lysosomal morphology and function after chloroquine is accompanied by marked changes in outputs of lipids and lysosomal enzymes into bile. These findings call attention to a possible role for hepatic lysosomes in modulating biliary protein and lipid secretion.
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PMID:Effect of chloroquine on the form and function of hepatocyte lysosomes. Morphologic modifications and physiologic alterations related to the biliary excretion of lipids and proteins. 641 91

Rat renal cortical lysosomes were isolated in 0.3 M sucrose containing 1 mM EDTA by differential centrifugation. Lysosomes were incubated in isotonic sucrose or isotonic glycine with various concentrations of endogenous and exogenous compounds at 37 degrees for 1 hr. Lysosomes were resedimented, and the N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was measured in the supernatant fraction and the disrupted pellet and the percentage of total NAG released was calculated. Gentamicin and its C1 and C2 components had similar potencies for inhibiting NAG release from lysosomes at low concentrations. The release of alpha-galactosidase and beta-galactosidase from lysosomes was also inhibited by streptomycin and gentamicin. Mepacrine at low concentrations stabilized lysosomes and at high concentrations disrupted lysosomes. This drug also enhanced the effect of low concentrations of gentamicin on lysosomes. Inositol hexaphosphoric acid was a potent antagonist of the effect of low concentrations of gentamicin and mepacrine on lysosomes. Rats were treated with gentamicin at doses of 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg for 1 and 3 days. NAG excretion in gentamicin-treated groups as compared to saline controls was unchanged at day 1. Only the 160 mg/kg treatment group showed a tendency toward elevated renal cortical NAG at day 1 (P less than 0.06). All treatment groups had elevated renal cortical NAG at day 3, while the 160 mg/kg group also had elevated NAG excretion. Lysine, arginine, L-canavanine and polymyxin B all affected NAG release from lysosomes in vitro. Lysine enhanced the disruptive effect of high gentamicin concentrations on lysosomes. Ferric and ferrous ions, tested over widely varied concentrations, inhibited NAG release at low concentrations while enhancing NAG release at high concentrations. We therefore conclude that the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycoside and other endogenous and exogenous renally excreted cationic compounds may be produced by their effects on lysosomes in the proximal renal tubule.
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PMID:Further studies of the response of kidney lysosomes to aminoglycosides and other cations. 663 87

Several lysosomal glycosidase activities were examined in vitro during heat-induced germination of Dictyostelium discoideum spores and were found not to be coordinately controlled. The level of beta-glucosidase activity increased significantly during the emergence stage of germination. Both alpha-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities remained relatively constant until postemergence, when they increased slightly; alpha-mannosidase activity decreased during all stages of germination. The activity of beta-galactosidase increased slightly during spore swelling, fell below the level initially found in spores at zero time, and increased slightly during postemergence. The expression of all of these enzyme activities, except the increase in beta-galactosidase, appeared to require protein synthesis. Spores in the lag phase of germination which were exposed to severe environmental stress were deactivated and exhibited reduced levels of alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities. Prolonged heat activation treatment reduced the levels of lysosomal glycosidase activities in postactivated spores but did not change the subsequent enzyme patterns during the spore-swelling and emergence stages of germination.
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PMID:Expression of glycosidase activities during germination of Dictyostelium discoideum spores. 676 80

The activities of seven different leukocyte hydrolases were studied in 19 patients and ten controls. There was a strong positive correlation between the monocyte count and the activities of the lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, and alpha-mannosidase). High alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase activities were also found in the eosinophilic granulocytes. Using simple commercially available synthetic substrates, it is possible to study the activities of the lysosomal enzymes in different types of leukemias and to recognize the monocytic leukemias even when they present with very immature precursor cells in the peripheral blood.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of lysosomal enzymes in different types of leukemias. 676 23

Leukocytes were isolated from 14 patients (7 males and 7 females ) with Gaucher disease of the Norrbottnian type (Type 3), 32 obligate heterozygotes (16 males and 16 females) for this disease and 20 controls (10 males and 10 females). After collection, the cells were transported in dry ice to the laboratory, where they were assayed. The assays were repeated after the cells had been stored for 12 months. beta-Glucosidase activity was assayed with D-[glucose-U-14C]glucosylceramide at pH 5.8 with Cutscum-Na-cholate as a detergent and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucoside at pH 4.1 with Triton-Na-taurocholate as a detergent. The activities of two marker enzymes, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, were assayed in aliquots of the same leukocyte samples. The activity of beta-galactosidase remained constant during storage, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase increased, while beta-glucosidase decreased as assayed with the natural as well as with the artificial substrate. beta-Glucosidase activity was significantly lower in the female than in male controls and heterozygotes. When assayed with natural substrate beta-glucosidase activity in leukocytes from the male patients was 6--12% of the control mean value and 10--15% in those from the female patients. The corresponding figures found when the artificial substrate was used were 15--30% and 22--45%. The values for the heterozygotes were respectively 42--68% and 34--79% with the natural substrate, and 33--82% and 51--109% with the artificial substrate. No correlation was found between the age of the patient and the beta-glucosidase activity.
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PMID:Assay of the beta-glucosidase activity with natural labelled and artificial substrates in leukocytes from homozygotes and heterozygotes with the Norrbottnian type (Type 3) of Gaucher disease. 677 5

Fibroblasts from 13 homozygotes and 27 obligate heterozygotes with the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease and 17 controls were cultivated and assayed with five beta-glucosidase methods, two with D-[glucose-U-14C] glucosylceramide and three with the artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucoside. Two marker enzymes were assayed on the same cell samples, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. The beta-glucosidase activity of cultured fibroblasts, as measured with all five beta-glucosidase methods, was significantly lower (P < 0.001) for Gaucher homozygotes than heterozygotes. There was no overlap between fibroblasts from Gaucher homozygotes and the others with any of the beta-glucosidase methods used. The beta-glucosidase activity was also significantly lower (P < 0.001) for Gaucher heterozygotes than controls. However, none of the five beta-glucosidase assays differentiated between all Gaucher heterozygotes and controls, as several overlaps occurred in each assay.
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PMID:Assay of the beta-glucosidase activity with natural labelled and artificial substrates in cultivated skin fibroblasts from homozygotes and heterozygotes with the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease. 677 99


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