Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Young (60--80 days) mice of the low beta-glucuronidase strain, C3H/HeJ, showed no differences in hepatic levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when compared to the randombred, "normal" Swiss-Webster mice of the same age. However, by 12 months of age hepatic GAG is nearly twice as high in C3H/HeJ mice as in Swiss-Webster mice. Studies of beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in four tissues of the two types of mice at the two ages revealed that glucuronidase was the only enzyme with lower activity in the C3H/HeJ strain.
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PMID:Glycosaminoglycan accumulation with partial deficiency of beta-glucuronidase in the C3H strain of mice. 10 77

It is possible that one of the consequences of regular physical activity could be a change of vascular metabolism. We studied the effects of regular swimming activity on specific activities of aortic hydrolases of male rats. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase and lysosomal beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 8 or 16 weeks of a 1-hour/day swimming protocol, specific activities of four of the six aortic enzymes studied were increased over control levels, increases ranging from 7 to more than 42%. Acid cholesteryl esterase was one of the enzymes most affected by the exercise, increasing 25-30% above control levels. An 8-week sedentary period, after 8 weeks of a swimming regimen, resulted in return of the activity of acid cholesteryl esterase, but not those of the other hydrolases, to control levels. Decreases in body weight, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels also occurred in the swimming rats. Weight reduction per se was excluded as an explanation for the increases in aortic enzymes or decrease in serum cholesterol found with swimming. These findings show that regular physical activity is yet another factor with discrete and significant effects on the catabolic activity of vascular tissue.
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PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. III. Effects of regular swimming activity and its cessation. 11 28

Three lysosomal glycosidases, beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) have been investigated in bile that was freshly collected from rats through a complete bile fistula. Assay conditions have been established on the basis of appropriate kinetic studies. The biliary excretion patterns for these enzymes were found to vary considerably from rat to rat during the 24-h collection period. In a given animal, however, the three hydrolases were excreted in parallel and showed a gradual increase in activity with time, most marked after 10- 12 h of collection. 24-h biliary outputs of the three hydrolases averaged congruent with3% of their respective contents in total liver, and bile diversion had no effect on hepatic glycosidase activity or total protein content. Other enzymes known to be associated primarily with mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell sap were also detected in bile, generally in smaller amounts. The biliary excretion of the plasma membrane markers, alkaline phosphodiesterase I and 5'-nucleotidase, however, was comparable to that of the lysosomal hydrolases. Biliary excretion of total protein was relatively constant and corresponded to 3.0% of the total hepatic protein content per day, whereas biliary bile acid secretion decreased during the first 12 h and then remained constant. Exocytic bulk discharge of hepatocyte lysosomes is proposed as the most likely mechanism for the biliary excretion of lysosomal enzymes. These results call attention to the possible pathophysiologic significance of biliary excretion of hepatic lysosomal contents as a means of residue disposal.
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PMID:Coordinate secretion of acid hydrolases in rat bile. 11 27

Starvation-induced alterations in liver lysosomes and their recovery pattern following refeeding were investigated. Fasting of adult rats for five days caused an increase in 'free' activities of acid hydrolyses in liver homogenates and loss in sedimentation of one of the heterogenous populations of lysosomes that could be isolated by differential centrifugation. Isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed a decrease in the median and modal equilibration densities of all the forms of lysosomes in response to the dietary deprivation. Further, starvation also evoked a distinct bimodal distribution in a population that was rich in acid phosphatases, beta-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Realimentation of starved animals for 10 days was found to restore the enzyme levels and the sedimentation characteristics to normal profiles.
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PMID:Response of heterogenous rat liver lysosome populations to starvation and refeeding. 11 31

The histochemical distribution of six glycosidases (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase) was investigated in the prostate, glandula vesicularis and glandula bulbourethralis of castrated and non-castrated adult boars. The functions of the glycosidases in the male accessory sex glands of the boar and their androgen dependence are discussed briefly.
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PMID:[Histotopography of glycosidases in the accessory glands of the boar before and after castration]. 20 54

Histological studies showed that the administration of p-nitrophenylarsonic acid to rats resulted in renal tubular necrosis. The nephrotoxin was administered intraperitoneally and doses greater than 30 mg/kg were found to be fatal. The severity of the renal lesion depended on the amount of the nephrotoxin used. Elevated serum urea levels, urinary protein and volume were recorded over an 8-day period following the injection of the nephrotoxin. These changes were paralleled by an increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucosidase in the urine. beta-Glycosidase activities increased in kidney homogenates, immediately after the injection of the nephrotoxin, but this eventually fell to well below the normal range. Subcellular fractions were prepared from sucrose homogenates by differential centrifugation and beta-glycosidases and cytochrome oxidase were used as enzyme markers. Only minor changes in the activity of cytochrome oxidase activity resulted from the administration of p-nitrophenylarsonic acid. One of the earliest indications of renal damage was a decrease in lysosomal latency. The activities of the lysosomal and soluble enzymes were elevated above normal during the first two days after the injection of p-nitrophenylarsonic acid, but they fell to values, significantly lower than normal, on the third day. The isoenzymic forms of beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in normal and damaged kidneys were studied, using starch gel electrophoresis. The activities of both the lysosomal and the soluble forms of these enzymes decreased following the injection of the nephrotoxin, confirming the results obtained with whole homogenates. The relationship between the changes in renal enzyme activity and urinary enzyme excretion during the nephrotoxic process is discussed.
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PMID:Studies on the nephrotoxicity of p-nitrophenylarsonic acid: changes in rat kidney and urinary enzyme activities following the administration of p-nitrophenylarsonic acid. 21 43

Biochemical studies are presented on two siblings with some features of Mucolipidosis III, but with distinctive clinical findings. Levels of beta-galatosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and alpha-fucosidase found in serum from these patients ranged from 10 to 10 times higher than normal. The ratio of heat stable to heat labile serum isoenzymes of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase is considerably greater than normal. An extremely low activity of beta-galactosidase was found in fibroblasts cultured from one patient. Levels of the remaining enzymes were in the low normal range. Similarly, beta-galactosidase levels were low in heart, kidney, liver, spleen and lung of one patient who died during the course of the study. Activities of the remaining enzymes were close to normal. No excessive excretion of mucopolysaccharide was noted, however, changes in distribution of several fractions were found. Mucopolysaccharide labeled with radioactive sulfate was degraded by cultured fibroblasts at a normal rate. In addition to clinical differences, the biochemical studies further demonstrate the uniqueness of these patients.
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PMID:A new variant mucolipidosis: biochemical investigations on two siblings. 41 May 66

The activities of several enzymes in urine are masked by the presence of interfering substances in native urine. From several methods proposed for the removal of low molecular mass interferences dilution, dialysis, gel filtration, and ultrafiltration have been successfully applied. Gel filtration seems to be of these most suitable. I is effective, accurate, precise and economical. Scale-down procedures provide for acceptable speed. By this method the complete separation of lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, trehalase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase and leucine arylamidase from low molecular mass substances, e.g. a heat-stable, competitive inhibitor of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase was possible. The preparation and determination of urinary enzymes should be thoroughly standardized and controlled. Acceptable precision (coefficient of variation less than 10% between-day) can be achieved with manual spectrophotometric methods.
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PMID:Preparation of urine for enzyme determinations by gel filtration. 44 74

3H-fucose and 14C-glucosamine labelled glycopeptides of the individual membrane proteins E1, E2 and E3 of Semliki Forest virus could be sequentially digested with alpha-neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha- and beta-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and finally with alpha-fucosidase. The degradations of the virus glycopeptides proceeded in the same way as stepwise digestions of reference glycopeptides of the lactosamine type obtained from IgG and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. This suggests that all three membrane glycoproteins of Semliki Forest virus contained glycans with a monosaccharide sequence characteristic for lactosamine type oligosaccharides. The number of both distal and proximal N-acetyl-glucosamine residues was estimated to be usually two. According to exo- and endo-glycosidase digestions, fucose seemed to be attached to the innermost N-acetyl-glucosamine unit.
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PMID:Sequence analysis of lactosamine type glycans of individual membrane proteins of Semliki Forest virus. 54 66

Hypertension is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and often occurs in association with diabetes mellitus. Specific activities of hydrolases in homogenates of aortas from rats with renal-clip hypertension, normotension following a period of hypertension, and hypertension combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus were measured. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 6 or 12 weeks of hypertension, specific activities of all enzymes measured were significantly increased, levels ranging from 24% above normal for cathepsin C to 351% above normal for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Six weeks of normotension following 6 weeks of hypertension resulted in restoration to normal of four of the six enzyme activities; the remaining two enzymes were significantly below normal levels. Combined hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed smooth muscle cell levels of four of the five hydrolases measured to be significantly lower than those present with hypertension alone. In every instance, histochemical studies of aortas showed acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities which corresponded to the biochemical findings. These findings indicate profound and discrete effects of two clinical risk factors on vascular smooth muscle cell lysosomes.
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PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. II. Effects of hypertension alone and in combination with diabetes mellitus. 65 43


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