Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The PGS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PG-P) synthase. PG-P synthase activity is regulated by factors affecting mitochondrial development and through cross-pathway control by inositol. The molecular mechanism of this regulation was examined by using a reporter gene under control of the PGS1 gene promoter (PPGS1-lacZ). Gene expression subject to carbon source regulation was monitored both at steady-state level and during the switch between different carbon sources. Cells grown in a non-fermentable carbon source had beta-galactosidase levels 3-fold higher than those grown in glucose. A shift from glucose to lactate rapidly raised the level of gene expression, whereas a shift back to glucose had the opposite effect. In either a pgs1 null mutant or a rho mutant grown in glucose, PPGS1-lacZ expression was 30-50% of the level in wild type cells. Addition of inositol to the growth medium resulted in a 2-3-fold reduction in gene expression in wild type cells. In ino2 and ino4 mutants, gene expression was greatly reduced and was not subject to inositol regulation consistent with inositol repression being dependent on the INO2 and INO4 regulatory genes. PPGS1-lacZ expression was elevated in a cds1 null mutant in the presence or absence of inositol, indicating that the capacity to synthesize CDP-diacylglycerol affects gene expression. Lack of cardiolipin synthesis (cls1 null mutant) had no effect on reporter gene expression.
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PMID:Regulation of phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 956 83

The PEL1/PGS1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for the viability of rho-/rho degrees mutants and the normal cardiolipin content of cells. The PEL1-GFP fusion gene has been found to complement the pel1/pgs1 mutation and its fluorescent protein was localized to mitochondria similarly to the beta-galactosidase activity of a protein encoded by the PEL1-lacZ fusion gene. The expression of the PEL1-lacZ reporter gene was repressed in cells grown in the presence of inositol and choline, reduced in the ino2 and ino4 strains, but constitutive in the opi1 null-mutant strain. The results demonstrate that Pel1p, playing a vital role in cells impaired in the mitochondrial DNA, is localized in the mitochondria and expressed in response to inositol and choline.
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PMID:Phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase encoded by the PEL1/PGS1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is localized in mitochondria and its expression is regulated by phospholipid precursors. 979 63

Previous results indicated that translation of four mitochondrion-encoded genes and one nucleus-encoded gene (COX4) is repressed in mutants (pgs1Delta) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. COX4 translation was studied here using a mitochondrially targeted green fluorescence protein (mtGFP) fused to the COX4 promoter and its 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Lack of mtGFP expression independent of carbon source and strain background was established to be at the translational level. The translational defect was not due to deficiency of mitochondrial respiratory function but was rather caused directly by the lack of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in mitochondrial membranes. Reintroduction of a functional PGS1 gene under control of the ADH1 promoter restored phosphatidylglycerol synthesis and expression of mtGFP. Deletion analysis of the 5' UTR(COX4) revealed the presence of a 50-nucleotide fragment with two stem-loops as a cis-element inhibiting COX4 translation. Binding of a protein factor(s) specifically to this sequence was observed with cytoplasm from pgs1Delta but not PGS1 cells. Using HIS3 and lacZ as reporters, extragenic spontaneous recessive mutations that allowed expression of His3p and beta-galactosidase were isolated, which appeared to be loss-of-function mutations, suggesting that the genes mutated may encode the trans factors that bind to the cis element in pgs1Delta cells.
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PMID:Translational regulation of nuclear gene COX4 expression by mitochondrial content of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 1642 32