Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. A soluble beta-glucosidase from sheep liver has been isolated and purified 114-fold by conventional enzyme fractionation procedures. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 5910 mU/mg of protein. 2. The enzyme has a broad specificity and hydrolyzes the p-nitrophenyl derivatives of beta-D-glucose, beta-D-galactose, beta-D-fucose, beta-D-xylose and alpha-L-arabinose. The best Vmax/Km value corresponds to the beta-glucosidase activity. 3. The enzyme has a pH optimum between 4.5-5.5 for all the activities, and mol. wt 95,000. 4. A variety of chemicals was tested as possible activators or inhibitors. 5. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by aldono 1-5 lactones and DMDP. 6. The kinetic evidences suggest a substrate activation model and the existence of two active sites (a "gluco-fuco" site and a "galacto" site). 7. The activation energies were calculated from beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activities.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of a broad specificity beta-glucosidase from sheep liver. 250 2

The conformations of nitrogen-in-the-ring sugars and their N-alkyl derivatives were studied from 1H NMR analyses, mainly using 3J(H,H) coupling constants and quantitative NOE experiments. No significant difference was seen in the ring conformation of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1), N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (2), and N-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (3). However, it was shown that the C6 OH group in 1 is predominantly equatorial to the piperidine ring, while that in 2 or 3 is predominantly axial, and its N-alkyl group is oriented equatorially. In the furanose analogues 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (4) and its N-methyl (5) and N-butyl (6) derivatives, the five-membered ring conformation differed significantly by the presence or absence of the N-substituted group and the length of the N-alkyl chain. Compound 3 reduced its inhibitory effect on almost all glycosidases, resulting in an extremely specific inhibitor for processing alpha-glucosidase I since N-alkylation of 1 is known to enhance both the potency and specificity of this enzyme in vitro and in vivo. This preferred (C6 OH axial) conformation in 2 and 3 appears to be responsible for their strong alpha-glucosidase I activity. Compound 4 is a good inhibitor of intestinal alpha-glucohydrolases, alpha-glucosidase II, and Golgi alpha-mannosidases I and II, but its N-alkyl derivatives 5 and 6 markedly decreased inhibitory potential for all enzymes tested. In the case of 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol (DMDP, 7), which is a potent beta-galactosidase inhibitor, its N-methyl (8) and N-butyl (9) derivatives completely lost potency toward beta-galactosidase as well. N-Alkylation of compounds 4 and 7, known well as potent yeast alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, resulted in a serious loss of inhibitory activity toward yeast alpha-glucohydrolases. Activity of these nine analogues against HIV-1 replication was determined, based on the inhibition of virus-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 and MOLT-4 cells. Compounds 2 and 3, which are better inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase I than 1, proved active with EC50 values of 69 and 49 micrograms/mL in MT-4 cells and 100 and 37 micrograms/mL in MOLT-4 cells, respectively, while none of the furanose analogues exhibited any inhibitory effects on HIV-1. The change in potency and specificity of bioactivity by N-alkylation of nitrogen-in-the-ring sugars appears to be correlated with their conformational change.
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PMID:N-alkylated nitrogen-in-the-ring sugars: conformational basis of inhibition of glycosidases and HIV-1 replication. 760 1

Aqueous ethanol extracts from the immature fruits and stalks of bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) were subjected to various ion-exchange column chromatographic steps to give 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (1),2(R),5(R)-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3(R),4(R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) (2), 6-deoxy-6-C-(2,5-dihydroxyhexyl)-DMDP (3),2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-DL-glycero-D-manno-heptitol (homoDMDP)(4),homoDMDP-7-O-apioside (5), homoDMDP-7-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (6), (1S*,2R*,3R*,5R*,7aR*)-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5- dihydroxymethylpyrrolizidine (7), and (1S*,2R*,3R*,5R*,6R*,7R*,7aR*)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl-1,2,6,7 tetrahydroxypyrrolizidine (8). Bulbs of Scilla campanulata (Hyacinthaceae) yielded (1S*,2R*,3R*,5S*,7aR*)-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-dihydroxy-methylpyrrol izidine (9) in addition to compounds 1-7. Compounds 3,6,7,8, and 9 are new natural products. Compound 4 is a potent competitive inhibitor with K(i) values of 1.5 microM for Caldocellum saccharolyticum beta-glucosidase and 2.2 microM for bovine liver beta-galactosidase. The 7-O-beta-D xyloside 6 was a stronger competitive inhibitor than 4 of C saccharolyticum beta-glucosidase and rat intestinal lactase, with K(i) values of 0.06 and 0.07 microM, respectively, but a weaker inhibitor of bovine liver beta-galactosidase. Furthermore, compound 4 is also a competitive inhibitor (K(i) = 1.8 microM) of porcine kidney trehalase, but 6 was inactive against this enzyme.
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PMID:Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Hyancinthoides non-scripta and Scilla campanulata. 1051 98

Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Campanulaceae) yielded two new alkaloids, the 6-C-butyl derivative of 2R,5R-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3R,4R-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) and alpha-1-C-ethyl-fagomine, together with the known alkaloids 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol, 1-deoxynojirimycin, and 1-deoxymannojirimycin. 6-C-Butyl-DMDP showed inhibitory activity toward almond beta-glucosidase (IC50 = 68 microM), whereas alpha-1-C-ethyl-fagomine inhibited bovine liver beta-galactosidase (IC50 = 29 microM).
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PMID:Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine and piperidine alkaloids from Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Campanulaceae). 1070 61

2,6-Dideoxy-7-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl) 2,6-imino-D-glycero-L-gulo- heptitol (7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-homonojirimycin, 1) was isolated from the 50% methanol extract of the whole plant of Lobelia sessilifolia (Campanulaceae), which was found to potently inhibit rice alpha-glucosidase. Adenophorae radix, roots of Adenophora spp. (Campanulaceae), yielded new homonojirimycin derivatives, adenophorine (2), 1-deoxyadenophorine (3), 5-deoxyadenophorine (4), 1-C-(5-amino-5-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)butane (beta-1-C-butyl-deoxygalactonojirimycin, 5), and the 1-O-beta-D-glucosides of 2 (6) and 4 (7), in addition to the recently discovered alpha-1-C-ethylfagomine (8) and the known 1-deoxymannojirimycin (9) and 2R,5R-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3R,4R- dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP, 10). Compound 4 is a potent inhibitor of coffee bean alpha-galactosidase (IC50 = 6.4 microM) and a reasonably good inhibitor of bovine liver beta-galactosidase (IC50 = 34 microM). Compound 5 is a very specific and potent inhibitor of coffee bean alpha-galactosidase (IC50 = 0.71 microM). The glucosides 1 and 7 were potent inhibitors of various alpha-glucosidases, with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 0.1 microM. Furthermore, 1 potently inhibited porcine kidney trehalase (IC50 = 0.013 microM) but failed to inhibit alpha-galactosidase, whereas 7 was a potent inhibitor of alpha-galactosidase (IC50 = 1.7 microM) without trehalase inhibitory activity.
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PMID:Homonojirimycin analogues and their glucosides from Lobelia sessilifolia and Adenophora spp. (Campanulaceae). 1078 88