Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibodies against the N-terminal domain of the human androgen receptor (hAR) were prepared by two different approaches. Firstly, rabbits were immunized with a beta-galactosidase-hAR (amino acids (aa) 174-353) fusion protein. Secondly, two synthetic peptides corresponding to potentially antigenic sites located within this fragment (aa 201-222 and 301-320) were used as immunogens. The obtained antisera contained high titer anti-hAR antibodies as was established with several independent methods (e.g. sucrose gradient centrifugation, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting). The two anti-peptide antisera specifically stained nuclei of glandular epithelial cells in frozen sections of human prostate tissue. Progesterone, estradiol and glucocorticoid receptors were not immunoprecipitated with these antisera. The specific hAR antibodies provide new tools for the characterization of this steroid receptor as well as for diagnostic purposes in pathology of the human prostate and androgen resistance.
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PMID:Characterization of polyclonal antibodies against the N-terminal domain of the human androgen receptor. 248 9

A sensitive bridge heterologous enzyme immunoassay of progesterone using geometrical isomers of progesterone 3(O-carboxymethyl)oxime(E/Z) was developed. Isomers were separated by synthesis of N-hydroxysuccinimide esters. Progesterone 3(Z)(O-carboxymethyl)oxime N-hydroxysuccinimide ester bound with beta-galactosidase in an appropriate molar ratio provided a conjugate suitable for an enzyme immunoassay. The antiserum was raised in rabbits by immunizing the animals with the progesterone 3(E)(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate. This bridge heterologous enzyme immunoassay proved to have sufficient sensitivity equivalent to radioimmunoassay and excellent specificity.
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PMID:A sensitive bridge heterologous enzyme immunoassay of progesterone using geometrical isomers. 311 70

We examined the in vivo effect of estrogen, progesterone, RU 486, and pregnancy on the upstream regulatory region (URR) of human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 transgenic mice. The mice contain the bacterial reporter beta-galactosidase gene under control of the HPV 18 URR. Pregnant transgenic mice were sacrificed on various days of gestation and the level of URR activation was determined. Another group of female transgenic mice was ovariectomized at 4 to 6 weeks of age. Pellets of estradiol, progesterone, progesterone + RU 486, or placebo were implanted 1 to 2 weeks after ovariectomy. Mice were sacrificed after pellet implantation to examine acute and chronic effects. Marked increases in URR activation during pregnancy were observed. Progesterone was found to activate the URR acutely. Significantly higher activation was demonstrated at 24 hr in the progesterone group compared to placebo (P < 0.01). Activation with progesterone at 24 hr was significantly higher than at any other time point (P < 0.001). A trend toward decreasing activation over time was demonstrated in the progesterone group (r = -0.87, P = 0.0001). RU 486 does not block the activation of progesterone in our model. Estradiol activates the URR acutely compared to placebo (P = 0.034). This in vivo model demonstrates activation of the URR in response to exogenous estrogen, progesterone, and pregnancy. These data may have clinical implications for women who harbor high-risk HPV.
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PMID:Regulation of human papillomavirus type 18 in vivo: effects of estrogen and progesterone in transgenic mice. 926 63

The neurosteroid allopregnanolone, a reduced metabolite of progesterone, induces anxiolytic effects by enhancing GABA(A) receptor function. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GABA are thought to interact functionally in the amygdala, and this interaction may be important in the regulation of anxiety. By using Y(1)R/LacZ transgenic mice, which harbour a fusion construct comprising the promoter of the mouse gene for the Y(1) receptor for NPY linked to the lacZ gene, we previously showed that long-term treatment with benzodiazepine receptor ligands modulates Y(1) receptor gene expression in the medial amygdala. We have now investigated the effects of prolonged treatment with progesterone or allopregnanolone on Y(1)R/LacZ transgene expression, as determined by quantitative histochemical analysis of beta-galactosidase activity. Progesterone increased both the cerebrocortical concentration of allopregnanolone and beta-galactosidase expression in the medial amygdala. Finasteride, a 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, prevented both of these effects. Long-term administration of allopregnanolone also increased both the cortical concentration of this neurosteroid and transgene expression in the medial amygdala. Treatment with neither progesterone nor allopregnanolone affected beta-galactosidase activity in the medial habenula. These data suggest that allopregnanolone regulates Y(1) receptor gene expression through modulation of GABA(A) receptor function, and they provide further support for a functional interaction between GABA and neuropeptide Y in the amygdala.
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PMID:Increased expression of the neuropeptide Y receptor Y(1) gene in the medial amygdala of transgenic mice induced by long-term treatment with progesterone or allopregnanolone. 1167 70

An enzyme immunoassay using beta-galactosidase as the tracer was applied to determine milk progesterone level in cows. The novel method was reliable and practicable and required only a spectrophotometer and a centrifuge as major equipment. The milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay successfully diagnosed early pregnancy in cows. Milk samples were collected from 268 Holstein-Friesian cows in commercial dairy herds on 20, 21 or 22 days(usually 21 days) after insemination. Progesterone level in skim milk higher than 1.0 ng/ml indi-cated pregnancy. Pregnancy was confirmed by rectal palpation on 60 to 120 days after insemination. The accuracy of the milk progesterone test was 60.0 % (132 220 ) for a positive diagnosis and 100 % (48 48 ) for a negative result. A high incidence of embryonic death, 27.9 % (51 183 ), may have reduced accuracy for a positive test result. The enzyme immunoassay may be an alternative to radioimmunoassay in milk progesterone analysis for pregnancy diagnosis.
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PMID:Use of milk progesterone enzyme immunoassay for early pregnancy diagnosis in cows. 1672 48