Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (Uro-d; EC 4.1.1.37), the fifth enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, which catalyzes the sequential decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen to coproporphyrinogen, is encoded by the HEM12 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The HEM12 gene is transcribed into a major short mRNA and a minor longer one, approximately 1.35 and 1.55 kb, respectively, in size, and that differ in the 5' untranslated region. "Uroporphyric" mutants, which have no mutations in the HEM12 gene but accumulate uroporphyrinogen, a phenotype characteristic of partial Uro-d deficiency, were investigated. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype depends on the combined action of two unlinked mutations, udt1 and either ipa1, ipa2, or ipa3. ipa1 is tightly linked to HEM12. The mutation udt1 apparently acts specifically on the HEM12 gene, and causes a six to tenfold decrease in the levels of the short HEM12 mRNA, in the beta-galactosidase activity of a HEM12-lacZ fusion, in immunodetectable protein and enzyme activity. But heme synthesis is normal and porphyrin accumulation was modest. The mutations ipa1, ipa2, and ipa3 had no phenotype on their own, but they caused an increase in porphyrin accumulation in a udt1 background. This multiplicity of genetic factors leading to uroporphyric yeast cells closely resembles the situation in human porphyria cutanea tarda.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of extragenic mutations affecting the expression of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase gene (HEM12) in Sacharomyces cerevisiae. 777 55

The 8th step in the 10-step heme biosynthetic pathway of Salmonella typhimurium is the oxidation of coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen IX. On the basis of genetic studies, we have suggested that this reaction may be catalyzed by either of two different enzymes, an oxygen-dependent one encoded by hemF or an oxygen-independent enzyme encoded by hemN. Here, we report the cloning of the S. typhimurium hemF gene and its DNA sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence of the HemF protein is 44% identical to that of the coproporphyrinogen oxidase encoded by the yeast HEM13 gene. The wild-type S. typhimurium strain LT-2 produces an oxygen-dependent coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity detectable in crude extracts, which is not found in hemF mutants and is overproduced in strains carrying the hemF gene on a multicopy plasmid. the hemF gene is the second gene in an operon with an upstream gene with an unknown function, whose amino acid sequence suggests a relation to amidases involved in cell wall synthesis or remodeling. The upstream gene and hemF are cotranscribed from a promoter which was mapped by primer extension. A weaker, hemF-specific promoter is inferred from the behavior of an omega-Cm insertion mutation in the upstream gene. Although this insertion decreases expression of beta-galactosidase about 7.5-fold when placed upstream of a hemF-lacZ operon fusion, it still allows sufficient HemF expression from an otherwise wild-type construct to confer a Hem+ phenotype. The hemF operon is transcribed clockwise with respect to the genetic map.
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PMID:An oxygen-dependent coproporphyrinogen oxidase encoded by the hemF gene of Salmonella typhimurium. 834 42