Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serendipity delta (sry delta) is a member of a set of Drosophila zinc finger protein genes showing maximal transcription during oogenesis. By using transformant lines, we monitored the zygotic expression of the sry delta gene and characterized some biochemical properties of a sry delta/beta-galactosidase fusion protein-containing fingers. Further analysis made use of anti-sry delta specific antibodies. During oogenesis, while sry delta mRNAs transcribed by nurse cells are transferred to the oocyte starting in stage 10, translation into protein occurs in the ooplasm starting in stage 12. The maternally inherited protein concentrates in embryonic nuclei during early cleavages, prior to the onset of zygotic transcription. At the blastoderm stage, the sry delta protein is localized in all somatic nuclei. Later in embryogenesis and up to the adult stage, the zygotic protein is present in nuclei of transcriptionally active cells (both somatic and germ line). These data are consistent with the sry delta protein being a transcription factor, with a role in zygotic activation of general cellular functions.
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PMID:Serendipity delta, a Drosophila zinc finger protein present in embryonic nuclei at the onset of zygotic gene transcription. 251 Oct 50

The Drosophila glass gene is required for the differentiation and survival of photoreceptors in the compound eye, ocelli and larval photoreceptor organ, glass encodes a zinc finger protein which can activate transcription in cell culture and is likely to act by regulating the expression of other genes. We have shown that it directly or indirectly controls the expression of approximately 25% of all enhancer trap lines expressed in the eye disc. glass gene activity is required to activate 19% of the lines, some of which express beta-galactosidase in photoreceptor subtype-specific patterns, and to repress 6%. The phenotype of eye discs doubly mutant for glass and the homeobox gene rough suggests that glass is required for subtype specification and for recruitment of cells to the ommatidial cluster.
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PMID:Targets of glass regulation in the Drosophila eye disc. 879 44

The Slug gene encodes a zinc finger protein, homologous to the product of the Drosophila Snail gene, that is implicated in the generation and migration of both mesoderm and neural crest cells in several vertebrate species. We describe here the cloning and genetic analysis of the mouse Slug (Slugh) gene. Slugh encodes a 269-amino-acid protein the shares 92% amino acid identity with the product of the chicken Slug gene. We have characterized Slugh gene expression during early mouse embryogenesis by whole mount in situ hybridization of Slugh mRNA and through detection of beta-galactosidase expression from an in-frame SlughIacZ allele generated through homologous recombination. Slugh expression is first detected in extraembryonic mesoderm and is later detected in many mesodermal subsets, although it is not detected in the primitive streak. In contrast to many other vertebrates, the mouse Slug gene is not expressed in premigratory neural crest cells but is expressed in migratory neural crest cells. Analysis of a targeted null mutation that deleted all Slugh coding sequences revealed that Slugh is not required for mesoderm formation or for neural crest generation, migration, or development in mice. These results indicate that neither the expression pattern nor the biological function of the Slug gene is conserved among all vertebrates. These data also raise interesting questions about the regulation of neural crest generation, which is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the vertebrate subphylum.
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PMID:The Slug gene is not essential for mesoderm or neural crest development in mice. 965 33

Zic1 encodes a zinc finger protein, which is required for the development of the dorsal neural tissue. The gene is a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila odd-paired. We examined the regulatory elements in the 5' flanking region of the Zic1 gene as an initial step to understanding how the Zic1 expression is restricted to the dorsal neural tissue. When a 2.9-kb fragment of the 5' flanking segment of the mouse Zic1 gene was linked to the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene, the enzyme was consistently expressed in the dorsal half of the embryonic spinal cord and in the vestibulocochlear nucleus in all four transgenic mouse lines. The transgene expression mimics the Zic1 expression with respect to the region where it occurs. But this is not so for the neuronal cell types. This suggests that the segment contains a region-specific enhancer. In vivo and in vitro deletion analyses indicated that there are essential regions between -2.0 and -0.9 kb and within the proximal 0.9 kb. The distal element is necessary for the transgene expression in the embryonic dorsal spinal cord whereas the adult vestibulocochlear nucleus expression is regulated by both elements. In these regions, there are sequences similar to the binding sequences for potential regulatory proteins.
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PMID:A 5' segment of the mouse Zic1 gene contains a region specific enhancer for dorsal hindbrain and spinal cord. 1089 81

CIZ (Cas interacting zinc finger protein), also called Nmp4 (nuclear matrix protein 4), is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling transcription factor that regulates the expression of collagen and matrix metalloproteinases. CIZ/Nmp4 was originally cloned by its binding to p130(Cas), a focal adhesion protein, and was recently shown to suppress BMP2 (bone mophogenetic protein 2) signalling. To explore the physiological role of CIZ/Nmp4, we disrupted CIZ/Nmp4-gene by inserting beta-galactosidase and neomycin resistance genes into the 2nd exon of CIZ/Nmp4-gene, which is utilized by all the sequenced alternative forms. CIZ-/- mice were born and grew to adulthood. Although they tend to be smaller than wild-type mice, no pathological abnormality was observed except in the testis. Histological analysis of the testes revealed variable degrees of spermatogenic cell degeneration within the seminiferous tubules of CIZ-/- mice, resembling the histology of the 'Germinal-cell aplasia with focal spermatogenesis'. Some of the CIZ-/- male mice developed infertility. TUNEL assay on testis sections revealed an increased occurrence of apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in the testes of CIZ-/- mice. CIZ/Nmp4 was co-localized with Smad1 in the testis, suggesting that a disregulation of BMP signalling could cause these phenotypes. These results suggest that CIZ/Nmp4 plays roles in the progress and the maintenance of spermatogenesis.
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PMID:Impaired spermatogenesis and male fertility defects in CIZ/Nmp4-disrupted mice. 1518 50

Using an in silico approach, we identified a putative zinc finger domain-containing transcription factor (zinc finger protein 105, ZFP105) enriched in the adult mouse testis. RT-PCR analyses showed that Zfp105 was indeed highly expressed in adult mouse testis and that its expression was regulated during postnatal development. To further characterize Zfp105 expression, we generated a Zfp105:beta-galactosidase (LacZ) knock-in reporter mouse line (Zfp105(LacZ/+)) in which a Zfp105:LacZ fusion gene was expressed. Whole-mount LacZ analyses of adult Zfp105(LacZ/+) tissues showed robust LacZ staining in the testis, very weak staining in the ovary, and no staining in the spleen, liver, kidney, heart, lung, thymus, adrenal gland, uterus, or oviduct. Sectional LacZ staining showed that ZFP105 was highly expressed in pachytene spermatocytes. ZNF35, the human ortholog of Zfp105, was also highly expressed in human testis. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that ZNF35 was located primarily in the cytoplasm of male germ cells. More importantly, reduced male fertility was observed in adult Zfp105(LacZ/LacZ) mice. Histological studies showed the presence of undifferentiated spermatogenic cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules at stage VII and in the epididymal lumen of adult Zfp105(LacZ/LacZ) mice. Taken together, our results suggest that ZFP105 is a male germ-cell factor and plays a role in male reproduction.
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PMID:Expression of zinc finger protein 105 in the testis and its role in male fertility. 2018 58