Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabbit testis arylsulphatase A was purified 140-fold with a recovery of 20% from detergent extracts of an acetone-dried powder by using DE-52 cellulose column chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and preparative isoelectric focusing. The purified enzyme showed one major band with one minor contaminant on electrophoresis in a 7.5% (w/v) polyacrylamide gel at pH8.3. On sodiumdodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis, a single major band was observed with minor contaminants. The final preparation of enzyme was free from general proteolytic, esterase, hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase activities. Rabbit testicular arylsulphatase A exists as a dimer of mol.wt. 110000 at pH7.1. At pH5.0 the enzyme is a tetramer of mol.wt. 220000. Arylsulphatase A appears to consist of two identical subunits of mol.wt. 55000 each. The highly purified enzyme has pI4.6. The enzyme hydrolyses p-nitrocatechol sulphate with Km and Vmax, of 4.1 mM and 80nmol/min respectively, but has no activity toward p-nitrophenyl sulphate. The pH optimum of the enzyme varies with the incubation time. By applying Sephacex G-200 chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing, one form of enzyme was obtained. The enzyme has properites common to arylsulphatase A of other sources with respect to the anomalous time-activity relationship, pI, inhibition by PO42-, SO32- and Ag+ ions and substrate affinity to p-nitrocatechol sulphate. However, the enzyme shows the temperature optimum of arylsulphatase B of other species.
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PMID:Purification and properties of arylsulphatase A from rabbit testis. 1 73

It has been known for a long time that hearing deficits may coexist in patients with thyroid disease, but without definite morphologic evidence present to correlate gland dysfunction with hearing disturbances. To clarify this relationship between thyroid dysfunction and hearing disturbances, the guinea pig was employed as an experimental model. 70 animals were thyroidectomized, and maintained in a hypothyroid state for varying periods of time. The animals were then sacrificed, and various histochemical studies then performed. These studies included analysis for glycosidase (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, n-acetyl-beta-glucosamide), non-specific esterases, sulfatases, sulghydryl groups as well as mucous substances within the cochlea and saccus endolymphaticus of the experimental animals. Results indicated that hyaluronidase-sensitive mucous substances were increased in the scala of the inner ear. As a consequence of increased deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides, the relationship of potassium to sodium in endolymph and perilymph was found markedly altered. Marked swelling of the chambers of the inner ear was noted, and believed to represent hydropic induction by acid mucopolysaccharide-with consequent alteration of electrolyte relationships ("Electrochemical Theory").
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PMID:[Animal experiment histological-histochemical studies on the development of hearing disorders related to hypothyroidism]. 12 84

The lysosomal glycosidase activity of the eye tissues (the sclera and cornea), the bone tissues and cartilage were studied. The intraperitoneal injection of tyrocalcitonine (TCT), deoxycorticosterone (DOCS), hydrocortisone (HC), and somatotropic hormone (STH) influenced both the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, and hyaluronidase, the the functional state of thy lysosomal membranes of the connective tissues under investigation. GC and STH caused stabilization, whereas DOCS and large doses of TCT--a labilizing effect on the lysosomal membranes and tissues understudy. The absolute activity of the enzymes in the homogenates decreased after the HC and STH injection. DOCS produced an opposite effect.
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PMID:[Responses of different types of connective tissue to hormone administration]. 89 Jan 33

Studies have been made on the activity of glycosidases from eye tissues of developing chick embryos and adult hens. The enzymes of carbohydrates metabolism (hyaluronidase, beta-glycosidase and beta-galactosidase) from the sclera, cornea and ciliary body were examined. It was demonstrated that the distribution of glycosidases in different tissues of the eye is not identical. The activity of beta-glycosidase and beta-galactosidase in all the tissues of 14-day embryos is higher than in adult hens; sharp reduction of the activity was observed at the stage of eye opening. The activity of hyaluronidase in the sclera and cornea of chick embryos is maintained at a low level up to the stage of eye opening, being subjected to minor changes.
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PMID:[Age related changes in the glycosidases of chick embryo eye tissues]. 94 74

The authors present the results of study or fegularities attending the changes in the activity of free, total and bound fractions of the lysosomal enzymes--beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase in the thymus and the spleen of rabbits under conditions of DOCA administration. The activity of the enzymes was studied 30 min, 1, 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours after a single injection of the hormone. DOCA administration caused biphasic changes in the activity of both glycosidases. A marked increase in the activity of all the enzyme fractions during the first experimental hours was later replaced by their fall. An increase in the activity of glycosidases at the early periods of DOCA administration pointed to the intensification of the enzymatic synthesis, and also could be associated with the spicific induction of the enzymatic activity. The activity of beta-glucosidase and of beta-galactosidase directly depended on DOCA dose. Effects similar to the experiments in vivo were obtained in vitro. The activity of hyaluronidase under the effect of Dca decreased considerably in the thymus and the spleen, particularly at the early experimental periods, pointing to reduction of tissue permeability of the lymphoid organs.
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PMID:[The effect of desoxycorticosterone acetate on the activity of the lysosomal enzymes of lymphoid organs]. 113 80

The serum concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, and estradiol and the enzymatic activities of hyaluronidase, glucosidases (alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-galactosidase), lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes (LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH-X, LDH4), and total proteins were measured in the semen of 69 subjects (8 normozoospermic controls, 7 secretory, and 54 excretory azoospermic subjects). FSH levels rose with the deterioration in spermatogenesis and served to differentiate the secretory from the excretory azoospermias. The only source of hyaluronidase and LDH-X in the ejaculate is the spermatozoa. alpha-Glucosidase activity essentially originates in the epididymis. The seminal determination of alpha-glucosidase and, to a lesser extent, alpha-mannosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase helps rapidly, sensitivity, reliably, and noninvasively to differentiate secretory azoospermias (with higher enzymatic activity) from the excretory type (less enzymatic activity) and may be of use in identifying with a certain degree of reliability the site of obstruction in the male genital tract.
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PMID:Enzyme and hormonal markers in the differential diagnosis of human azoospermia. 153 Mar 67

We have recently described a new locus, Hyal-1, which determines hyaluronidase variants in mouse serum. On the basis of segregation in recombinant inbred and congenic strains, Hyal-1 was tentatively assigned to chromosome 9 (Fiszer-Szafarz and De Maeyer, '89). In the present study we have performed a linkage analysis of Hyal-1 using 156 backcross progeny of an interspecies cross of laboratory mice and Mus Spretus. Linkage was tested to two anchor loci on chromosome 9: d (dilute, a coat color locus) and Bgl-s (a locus controlling beta-galactosidase activity). The gene order (from centromere) with intervening percentage recombination is d-16.6 (+/- 2.9)-Hyal-1-10.9 (+/- 2.4)-Bgl-s, indicating close linkage to H-7 and Fv-2.
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PMID:Linkage analysis of the murine Hyal-1 locus on chromosome 9. 202 49

We are attempting to develop methods for the sequencing of glycosaminoglycans from their reducing end. Here we describe a procedure for the analysis of dermatan sulphate from pig skin. The glycosaminoglycan is released from its parent proteoglycan by exhaustive proteolysis by using both endo- and exo-peptidases. The amino group of the residual serine residue is conjugated with a p-hydroxyphenyl group, which in turn is iodinated with 125I (the Bolton-Hunter reagent, BHR). The ion-exchange-purified end-labelled dermatan sulphate is then degraded partially or completely by various enzymic or chemical means to yield fragments extending from the labelled serine residue to the point of cleavage. The various products are separated by gradient PAGE, detected by autoradiography and quantified by videodensitometry. Complete digestion with chondroitin ABC lyase affords the labelled fragment delta HexA-GalNAc(-SO4)-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-Ser(-BHR). The structure was confirmed by sequential degradation from the non-reducing end by chondroitin AC lyase, HgCl2, and beta-galactosidase. Periodate oxidation cleaves most of the Xyl even without treatment with alkaline phosphatase, showing that Xyl is not substituted with phosphate. Results from partial and selective periodate oxidation indicate that most of the non-sulphated IdoA residues are located towards the non-reducing end. Partial or complete digestions with testicular hyaluronidase (in the presence of an excess of beta-glucuronidase) or chondroitin AC lyase identify the positions of GlcA residues. The results confirm that HexA next to Gal is always GlcA. Moreover, GlcA is common in the first three disaccharide repeats. Results with testicular hyaluronidase indicate that the distribution of clustered GlcA-GalNAc repeats is periodic and peaks at positions 1-3, 8-9 and around 25. Although there must be chains that contain IdoA in nearly all of the available positions, regions that have not been fully processed during biosynthesis are markedly non-random.
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PMID:A method for the sequence analysis of dermatan sulphate. 216 67

Previous studies have shown that bovine retinas incubated with [3H]galactose incorporated it, unmodified, into large molecules. Light and electron microscope autoradiography showed a significant proportion of the label to be in cone inner segments, and pulse-chase studies showed it was subsequently transported to the synaptic pedicles. In this report, evidence is presented to show that the galactose-labelled macromolecules are resistant to hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes, testicular hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase, but are readily degraded by alpha-amylase and beta-galactosidase, and to a lesser extent by beta-amylase. Treatment with alpha-amylase also leads to specific removal of radioactivity from cone inner segments and pedicles, as judged by light-microscopic autoradiography. These studies appear to indicate that the cone-specific galactose label is in glycogen or glycogen-like molecules.
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PMID:D-[3H]galactose incorporation into glycogen in retinal cone cells. 231 72

A biochemical scheme was developed by which strains of Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus anginosus can reliably be distinguished from within the "Streptococcus milleri group." Strains identified as S. intermedius were differentiated by the ability to produce detectable levels of alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-D-fucosidase, beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and sialidase with 4-methylumbelliferyl-linked fluorogenic substrates in microdilution trays after 3 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, together with the production of hyaluronidase. Strains of S. constellatus and S. anginosus were differentiated by the production of alpha-glucosidase and hyaluronidase by the former and the production of beta-glucosidase by the latter. The majority of strains of the S. milleri group obtained from dental plaque were identified as S. intermedius, as were most strains isolated from abscesses of the brain and liver. Strains of S. constellatus and S. anginosus were from a wider variety of infections, both oral and nonoral, than were strains of S. intermedius, with the majority of strains from urogenital infections being identified as S. anginosus.
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PMID:Phenotypic differentiation of Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus strains within the "Streptococcus milleri group". 238 Mar 75


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