Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

B and T lymphocytes were separated by means of the spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosette formation technique from 3 normal donors. The following acid hydrolases were biochemically determined on separated B and T lymphocytes: acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-arabinosidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and pH 4.0 and pH 5.0 beta-glucosidase. The activities of most of the acid hydrolases including acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were found to be slightly decreased in B lymphocytes when compared to T lymphocytes. However, alpha-mannosidase activity was found to be significantly higher in the B lymphocytes than in the T lymphocytes and offers the possibility of using this enzyme as a B lymphocyte marker.
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PMID:Acid hydrolases in normal B and T blood lymphocytes. 41 51

Kidneys from normal, diabetic-nonketotic and ketotic Chinese hamsters were homogenized, fractionated and assayed for beta-glucosidase, and beta-galactosidase activities. The kidneys of the ketotic animals were enlarged but the protein content in each subcellular fraction was similar in all three groups of animals. beta-Glucosidase was found chiefly in the soluble fraction and no difference was observed in these animals. beta-Galactosidase was distributed in both cytoplasmic and particulate fractions; difference in the specific activity of beta-galactosidase between control and ketotic animals was found in nuclear, lysosomal-mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble fractions.
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PMID:Reduction of beta-galactosidase in the ketotic Chinese hamster kidney. 41 89

The pseudoplasmodium (slug) of the cellular slime mould, Dictyostelium mucoroides consists of prestalk and prespore cells. These 2 differentiated types of cells were separated by modification of the previous methods using density-gradient centrifugation. Major improvements made in the present study were the use of a density column of different specific gravities and the use of a discontinuous gradient rather than a continuous one. With these improvements, it became possible to obtain efficiently a large number of prestalk and prespore cells. After separation of the 2 types of cells, activities and electrophoretic patterns of some developmentally regulated enzymes were compared. The hydrolases such as beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, acetylglucosaminidase and alkaline phosphatase showed higher activities in the prestalk than in the prespore cells. The results are consistent with the fact that more autophagic vacuoles are present in the prestalk than in the prespore cells. On the other hand, UDP-galactose polysaccharide transferase was almost exclusively found in the prespore cells. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels of slug, prestalk and prespore extracts showed that one among 4 isozymes of beta-galactosidase recognized in the slug extract was present only in the prestalk extract. Electrophoretic patterns of acid phosphatase revealed that one of the two isozymes present in the slug was specifically found in the prestalk cell. Finding of such prestalk specific isozymes was significant, since no specific markers have been known for the prestalk cell.
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PMID:Separation and biochemical characterization of the two cell types present in the pseudoplasmodium of Dictyostelium mucoroides. 56 Oct 87

The activities of 9 acid hydrolases were determined in cell-free amniotic fluid, leucocytes and cultured fibroblasts using fluorogenic substrates. The specific activities of beta-glucosidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-hexosaminidase, and arylsulphatase A and B were found to be in the same range in cell-free amniotic fluid and in leucocyties. The isoenzyme pattern of these 5 hydrolases as well as that of acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase showed some similarities in all three specimens studied; the pattern of alpha- and beta-galactosidase obtained by isoelectric focusing was different in the 2 types of cells studied and in the cell-free amniotic fluid.
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PMID:Isoelectric focusing pattern of acid hydrolases in cultured fibroblasts, leucocytes and cell-free amniotic fluid. 57 95

Streptozotocin treatment (125 mg/kg) in the Chinese hamster induced hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia and changes in body, liver, pancreas, stomach, kidney and adipose tissue weights. The pancreatic reserves of insulin and glucagon in the diabetic animals were low, but stomach glucagon high. These animals showed high levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and low levels of glucokinase, hexokinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme, but normal levels of pyruvate kinase in the liver. Increases in lactate dehydrogenase subunit B and isozymes 2, 3 and 4 were also observed in the liver, but not in the epididymal fat pad, of the diabetic animals. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was elevated in plasma, liver and heart, but not in the kidney of the treated animals. Renal alpha-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase were depressed, whereas beta-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase remained essentially normal. These features indicated that there were considerable differences between the biochemical disorders associated with streptozotocin-diabetes in the Chinese hamster and the published observations in the rat.
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PMID:Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the Chinese hamster. Biochemical and endocrine disorders. 59 Jun 51

The effects of age-specific peculiarities and the duration of maintaining rats on a ration with 4 per cent of protein (the initial mass of rats in the 1st group 100 g each; duration of the experiment--30 days. Initial mass rats in the 2d group--200 g each; duration of experiment--90 days on the activity of the lysosomal hydrolase was studied. The latter included beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucoronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, arylsulfatase A and B, acid phosphatase, phospholipase A1 and A2, cholinesterase, the total proteolytic activity and that of catepsines A, B, C and D. An ambiguity of changes in the enzymes activity in the animals of the 1st and 2d groups was revealed. Placing the growing animals on a ration containing 4 per cent of protein produces an activation of the most of the lysosomal enzymes, whereas in animals of the 2d test group the nature of changes in the activity of individual enzymes proved to differ quite appreciably. Thus, the summary activity of catepsines, beta-glucoronidase and cholinesterase was below the control level, while the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl-glucoseaminidase and phospholipase A1 and A2 went up. A prolonged maintenance of rats on a protein-poor ration led to upsetting the stability of the lysosomal membranes, which manifested itself in a higher solubilization of lysosomal enzymes in vitro.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the enzymatic adaptation of rat liver lysosomes to protein deficiency]. 68 19

The pH optima and apparent Km and Vmax values were determined for nine glycosidases of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the calf. In terms of micromoles of substrate cleaved per milligram protein per hour, the following relative order of enzymatic activities was observed: beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase greater than alpha-glucosidase = beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase greater than alpha-mannosidase greater than beta-galactosidase greater than beta-glucosidase greater than alpha-fucosidase greater than alpha-galactosidase greater than beta-glucuronidase. The pH optimum of each of these enzymes was in the acidic range (below pH 6). All these findings refer to enzymatic activities of bovine RPE preparations obtained by the brushing procedure of Glocklin and Potts and washing as described by Berman and Feeney. Thus they may relate to those activities associated with particulate components of the RPE cell and not to the more soluble glycosidases. The distribution of the glycosidases between the washes of the cells and the final pellet of bovine RPE cells was examined. The activities of 10 glycosidases in the RPE of the embryonic chick were also examined. Neither beta-mannosidase nor beta-fucosidase activities could be detected in washed bovine RPE cells, although beta-mannosidase was detected in RPE of the embryonic chick. The presence of isoenzymes of beta-glucuronidase in bovine RPE was indicated. Specificity by beta-glucuronidase of bovine RPE for synthetic substrates was observed.
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PMID:Glycosidases of the retinal pigment epithelium. 70 Sep 67

On the basis of experimental research results a method to assess the functional state of pulmonary alveolar macrophages in rabbits and rats has been proposed as a criterion of the biological effect of chemical atmospheric pollutants. The test involves a cytological assay, determination of the viable cells quantity and of the phagocytic competence, and also the biochemical study of alveolar macrophages enzymes activity (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). It has been shown that this method is informative and reliably reproducible, and that it was reasonable to use it in environmental health and other branches of experimental biology and medicine.
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PMID:[Method of studying the functional state of pulmonary alveolar macrophages during exposure to atmospheric pollutants]. 71 64

Beta-Glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-xylosidase and alpha-L-arabinosidase activities of partially purified preparation of almond emulsin were investigated using chromatography, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and isoelectric focusing. Beta-Glucosidase was found to exist as two components having equal molecular weight. Aggregation of the components with inactive proteins probably results in the appearance of multiple native forms which have similar specific activities. In no case separation of the beta-glucosidase activity from the accompanied activities was achieved. It is concluded therefore that these activities are exhibited by an enzyme which is not strictly specific to the C4, C6 stereochemistry for hexosides and to that of C4, C5 for pentozides.
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PMID:[Substrate specificity of sweet almond beta-glucosidase]. 85 2

The lysosomal glycosidase activity of the eye tissues (the sclera and cornea), the bone tissues and cartilage were studied. The intraperitoneal injection of tyrocalcitonine (TCT), deoxycorticosterone (DOCS), hydrocortisone (HC), and somatotropic hormone (STH) influenced both the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, and hyaluronidase, the the functional state of thy lysosomal membranes of the connective tissues under investigation. GC and STH caused stabilization, whereas DOCS and large doses of TCT--a labilizing effect on the lysosomal membranes and tissues understudy. The absolute activity of the enzymes in the homogenates decreased after the HC and STH injection. DOCS produced an opposite effect.
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PMID:[Responses of different types of connective tissue to hormone administration]. 89 Jan 33


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