Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activity of hydrolases during the third and fourth larval stage of Anisakis simplex was identified by applying the API ZYM test method. In A. simplex larvae the activity of phosphatases was high, particularly that of acid phosphatase (40 nmol/mg(-1)). Among esterases lack of activity of lipase (C14) is worth noticing while the activity of esterases (C4) and (C8) was high. The activity of those later two enzymes was higher in L3 larvae than in L4 larvae. The highest activity in the subclass of glucosidases was recorded for beta-fucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. A higher activity in L3 larvae than in L4 larvae was recorded for: beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (2-fold) and beta-fucosidase (3-fold). Differently the activity of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase was higher in L4 larvae than in L3 larvae. The tests did not show activity of alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase on both larval forms.
...
PMID:The activity of hydrolases of larval stages of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda). 1686 60

As Gardnerella vaginalis is accepted as a member of normal vaginal flora, it is one of the dominant species which has been related to bacterial vaginosis (BV). The aim of this study was to determine the isolation rate, biotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of G.vaginalis from the vaginal swab samples of 408 women who were admitted to the outpatient clinics of Family Planning Center. Hippurate hydrolysis, lipase and beta-galactosidase tests were performed for biotyping the isolates, and agar dilution (for metronidazole) and disk diffusion (for clindamycin) tests were used for the detection of antibiotic resistance patterns. As a result, by Nugent's BV scoring protocol, 122 (29.9%), 20 (29.4%), 137 (33.6%), and 18 (4.4%) of the women were diagnosed as BV, intermediate form, normal vaginal flora (NVF) and mycotic vaginosis, respectively. The overall isolation rate of G.vaginalis was found as 23% (94/408). Of them, 56.4% (53/94) and 8.5% (8/94) were isolated from samples of BV cases and subjects with NVF, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The biotyping results showed that the most frequently detected types were biotype 1 (44%), 5 (20%) and 4 (18%). There was no statistically significant difference between the biotype distribution of BV patients and the subjects who have NVF (p=0.687). The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that 70% and 53% of the isolates were resistant to metronidazole and clindamycin, respectively. It was of interest that MIC values for metronidazole was > or =128 microg/ml in 57% of resistant strains. The data of this study has emphasized that the metronidazole resistance is very high in our population, and the large scale studies are needed to clarify the relationship between BV and G.vaginalis biotypes, which can be found in the normal vaginal flora.
...
PMID:[Biotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of Gardnerella vaginalis strains isolated from healthy women and women with bacterial vaginosis]. 1742 49

The CpxRA signal transduction system, which in Escherichia coli regulates surface structure assembly and envelope maintenance, is involved in the pathogenic and mutualistic interactions of the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila. When DeltacpxR1 cells were injected into Manduca sexta insects, the time required to kill 50% of the insects was twofold longer than the time observed for wild-type cells and the DeltacpxR1 cells ultimately killed 16% fewer insects than wild-type cells killed. During mutualistic colonization of Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes, the DeltacpxR1 mutant achieved colonization levels that were only 38% of the wild-type levels. DeltacpxR1 cells exhibited an extended lag phase when they were grown in liquid LB or hemolymph, formed irregular colonies on solid medium, and had a filamentous cell morphology. A mutant with a cpxRp-lacZ fusion had peaks of expression in the log and stationary phases that were conversely influenced by CpxR; the DeltacpxR1 mutant produced 130 and 17% of the wild-type beta-galactosidase activity in the log and stationary phases, respectively. CpxR positively influences motility and secreted lipase activity, as well as transcription of genes necessary for mutualistic colonization of nematodes. CpxR negatively influences the production of secreted hemolysin, protease, and antibiotic activities, as well as the expression of mrxA, encoding the pilin subunit. Thus, X. nematophila CpxRA controls expression of envelope-localized and secreted products, and its activity is necessary for both mutualistic and pathogenic functions.
...
PMID:CpxRA regulates mutualism and pathogenesis in Xenorhabdus nematophila. 1795 41

Five lipase genes have been identified and sequenced from Candida rugosa. However, as the sequences of LIP multigene family are extremely closely related, it is difficult to characterize the expression spectrum of LIP genes. In the present work we have cloned, sequenced, and analyzed the promoters of these five LIP isoform genes, and several putative transcriptional elements including oleate response element (ORE) and upstream activation sequence 1 (UAS1) were identified. A quantitative real-time RT-PCR method was developed for determining the differential expression of C. rugosa lipase family genes in response to various environmental and nutritional factors. While all five LIP genes display significant changes in mRNA expression under oleic acid and/or olive oil culture conditions, LIP2 showed the strongest induction (456-fold) in response to oleic acid. LIP transcription and promoter regulation were studied by assaying the beta-galactosidase activities of promoter-lacZ fusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three of the LIP genes, LIP3, LIP4, and LIP5, showed significant induction by oleic acid, and their ORE and UAS1 elements are essential for induction by oleic acid. Together, this suggests that the multiple lipase expression profiles may be due to differential transcriptional regulation of the LIP genes in response to environment or nutritional factors.
...
PMID:Promoter analysis and differential expression of the Candida rugosa lipase gene family in response to culture conditions. 1829 Jun 22

Surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) is an alternative to fluorescence for use in bioanalysis however due to the different optical mechanism it requires specifically designed reporters. Recently we have reported the use of 8-hydroxyquinolinyl azo dyes and their ester derivatives as reporters of lipase activity using SERRS. Acylation of the 8-hydroxy moiety significantly reduces surface enhancement of the Raman response and subsequent lipase catalysed ester hydrolysis enables the analyte to bind to silver nanoparticles, thus providing surface enhancement and the SERRS signal is 'switched on'. By following this principle, phosphorylated and galactosylated analogues of 8-hydroxyquinolinylazo dyes were prepared and shown to act as reporters of enzymatic activity for alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase respectively when using SERRS.
...
PMID:Simultaneous detection of alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase activity using SERRS. 1924 40

The efficient degradation of internalized particulate matter is a principal objective of the macrophage's phagosome. Assessment of the true hydrolytic capacity within the phagosomal lumen is often difficult as it is subject to many factors beyond recruitment of lysosomal hydrolases. Here we outline three assays that allow quantitative measurements of serine-cysteine protease, triglyceride lipase, and beta-galactosidase activities within the phagosomes of macrophages, in real time. The assays utilize ratio fluorometry between particle-associated fluorogenic substrates and calibration fluorochromes to yield internally controlled values that record rates of substrate hydrolysis. The methods described utilize a spectrofluorometer for fluorometric measurements from a population of macrophages. These assays, however, can be expanded to high-throughput or single cell formats. In addition, this approach can be applied to measure a wide variety of phagosomal hydrolytic properties with the design of suitable fluorogenic substrates.
...
PMID:Recording phagosome maturation through the real-time, spectrofluorometric measurement of hydrolytic activities. 1934 17

A Gram-positive and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated S4(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of ferns in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. This isolate is strictly aerobic, motile, and rod-like in shape, and it is positive for catalase, oxidase, esterase lipase, and beta-galactosidase activities. In addition, this strain grows when cultured at temperatures between 15 and 37 degrees C and at pH values ranging from 5.5 to 9.0. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 53.2 mol%. Strain S4(T) has meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; it also contains menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C(15:0) (57.5%), iso-C(16:0) (11.3%), and C(16:0) (9.4%) as the major cellular fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on alignments of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that S4(T) is affiliated with a cluster of strains within the genus Paenibacillaceae and is most closely related to Paenibacillus chinjuensis WN9(T), with 96.8% similarity. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics of strain S4(T), we believe that this isolate should be distinguished from all type species of the genus Paenibacillus and should thus represent a novel taxon within the genus Paenibacillus. We propose naming this type species Paenibacillus filicis sp. nov. for the rhizosphere isolate; the type strain will be known as S4(T) (=KCTC 13693(T) =KACC 14197(T) =JCM 16417(T)).
...
PMID:Paenibacillus filicis sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of the fern. 1985 23

A novel cellulolytic bacterium, strain S23(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere of the pine trees in Daejeon, Republic of Korea. This isolate was Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and tested positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-galactosidase activities. The DNA G+C content was 49.5 mol%. The main cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) (51.9%), iso-C(16:0) (14.7%), and iso-C(15:0) (13.2%). The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). Diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall pepti-doglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain clustered with Paenibacillus species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between S23(T) and other Paenibacillus species were between 89.9% and 95.9%, and S23(T) was most closely related to Paenibacillus tarimensis SA-7-6(T). On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of strain S23(T), the isolate is considered as a novel species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. Therefore, the name, Paenibacillus pinihumi sp. nov., is proposed for the rhizosphere isolate; the type strain is S23(T) (=KCTC 13695(T) =KACC 14199(T) =JCM 16419(T)).
...
PMID:Paenibacillus pinihumi sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of Pinus densiflora. 1985 24

The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica efficiently metabolizes hydrophobic substrates such as alkanes, fatty acids or triacylglycerol. This yeast has been identified in oil-polluted water and in lipid-rich food. The enzymes involved in lipid breakdown, for use as a carbon source, are known, but the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of the genes encoding these enzymes are still poorly understood. The study of mRNAs obtained from cells grown on oleic acid identified a new group of genes called SOA genes (specific for oleic acid). SOA1 and SOA2 are two small genes coding for proteins with no known homologs. Single- and double-disrupted strains were constructed. Wild-type and mutant strains were grown on dextrose, oleic acid and triacylglycerols. The double mutant presents a clear phenotype consisting of a growth defect on tributyrin and triolein, but not on dextrose or oleic acid media. Lipase activity was 50-fold lower in this mutant than in the wild-type strain. The impact of SOA deletion on the expression of the main extracellular lipase gene (LIP2) was monitored using a LIP2-beta-galactosidase promoter fusion protein. These data suggest that Soa proteins are components of a molecular mechanism controlling lipase gene expression in response to extracellular triacylglycerol.
...
PMID:SOA genes encode proteins controlling lipase expression in response to triacylglycerol utilization in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. 1992 27

The study of bacterial communities in microbially-mediated water treatment systems is becoming increasingly popular. Aquatic bacterial communities are often found in fixed-film environments, residing within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances commonly referred to as a biofilm. A method for detaching the biofilm is required to either enumerate or characterize these bacterial communities. There are a variety of detachment methods including scraping, swabbing, shaking, sonication, blending, and digestion. The objective of this work was to develop an agitation-based protocol for detachment of culturable bacterial communities from the biofilm surrounding pea gravel from constructed wetland mesocosms. Three different protocol factors were systematically investigated using a triplicated 2(3) factorial design to determine the most effective detachment protocol. Factors studied included: the use of either tap water or phosphate buffer as the shaking/detachment solution; the use of either manual-shaking at room temperature or mechanical shaking at 30 degrees C; and the presence or absence of an enzyme cocktail consisting of lipase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase. The resulting suspensions were evaluated for organics, inorganics, culturable bacteria, community level physiological profile (CLPP) and several BIOLOG ECO plate substrate related diversity indices. Using these metrics, the most effective shaking/detachment protocol was identified as mechanical shaking for 3h at 30 degrees C using a phosphate buffer with an enzyme cocktail.
...
PMID:Method for the detachment of culturable bacteria from wetland gravel. 2007 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>

---