Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The periplasmic, NADP-containing glucose-fructose oxidoreductase of the gram-negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis belongs to a class of redox cofactor-dependent enzymes which are exported with the aid of a signal peptide containing a so-called twin-arginine motif. In this paper we show that the replacement of one or both arginine residues results in drastically reduced translocation of glucose-fructose oxidoreductase to the periplasm, showing that this motif is essential. Mutant proteins which, in contrast to wild-type glucose-fructose oxidoreductase, bind NADP in a looser and dissociable manner, were severely affected in the kinetics of plasma membrane translocation. These results strongly suggest that the translocation of glucose-fructose oxidoreductase into the periplasm uses a Sec-independent apparatus which recognizes, as an additional signal, a conformational change in the structure of the protein, most likely triggered by cofactor binding. Furthermore, these results suggest that glucose-fructose oxidoreductase is exported in a folded form. A glucose-fructose oxidoreductase:beta-galactosidase fusion protein is not lethal to Z. mobilis cells and leads to the accumulation of the cytosolic preform of wild-type glucose-fructose oxidoreductase expressed in trans but not of a typical Sec-substrate (OmpA), indicating that the glucose-fructose oxidoreductase translocation apparatus can be blocked without interfering with the export of essential proteins via the Sec pathway.
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PMID:The efficient export of NADP-containing glucose-fructose oxidoreductase to the periplasm of Zymomonas mobilis depends both on an intact twin-arginine motif in the signal peptide and on the generation of a structural export signal induced by cofactor binding. 1040 65

Studies of gene expression in haloarchaea have been greatly hindered by the lack of a convenient reporter gene. In a previous study, a beta-galactosidase from Haloferax alicantei was purified and several peptide sequences determined. The peptide sequences have now been used to clone the entire beta-galactosidase gene (designated bgaH) along with some flanking chromosomal DNA. The deduced amino acid sequence of BgaH was 665 amino acids (74 kDa) and showed greatest amino acid similarity to members of glycosyl hydrolase family 42 [classification of Henrissat, B., and Bairoch, A. (1993) New families in the classification of glycosyl hydrolases based on amino acid sequence similarities. Biochem J 293: 781-788]. Within this family, BgaH was most similar (42-43% aa identity) to enzymes from extremely thermophilic bacteria such as Thermotoga and Thermus. Family 42 enzymes are only distantly related to the Sulfolobus LacS and Escherichia coli LacZ enzymes (families one and two respectively). Three open reading frames (ORFs) upstream of bgaH were readily identified by database searches as glucose-fructose oxidoreductase, 2-dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase and 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate kinase, enzymes that are also involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Downstream of bgaH there was an ORF which contained a putative fibronectin III motif. The bgaH gene was engineered into a halobacterial plasmid vector and introduced into Haloferax volcanii, a widely used strain that lacks detectable beta-galactosidase activity. Transformants were shown to express the enzyme; colonies turned blue when sprayed with Xgal and enzyme activity could be easily quantitated using a standard ONPG assay. In an accompanying publication, Patenge et al. (2000) have demonstrated the utility of bgaH as a promoter reporter in Halobacterium salinarum.
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PMID:Sequence and expression of a halobacterial beta-galactosidase gene. 1076 Jan 68