Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In in vitro tests with lysosomes isolated from the liver and kidneys of castrated rats of both sexes the action of testosterone and beta-estradiol in concentrations of 3.76.10(-4)M on the activity of beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase was investigated. Testosterone is shown to reduce the total and free activity of the membrane-bound enzymes and to increase the release from the matrix lysosomes. Estradiol proved less active than is testosteron. The renal lysosomes in vitro are more sensitive to the action of sex hormones than are hepatic lysosomes. In the interaction of testosterone and estradiol with lysosomal membranes a sex specificity was revealed.
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PMID:[The effects of testosterone and estradiol on the activity of lysosomal enzymes in rat liver and kidneys]. 9 95

In summing up, we find that only serum acid phosphatase activity rose immediately, and beta-galactosidase activity 6 hours, after whole body irradiation, in each case after an exposure dose of 800 R. At the other intervals, the three enzyme activities studied either remained unchanged or were statistically significantly lowered. The most pronounced decrease was found in serum beta-galactosidase and serum beta-glucuronidase activity on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day after exposure.
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PMID:Changes in the activity of certain lysosomal enzymes in the blood serum of rats subjected to whole body x-ray irradiation. 9 32

A physiological role for glycosidases in cell membranes has been suggested. Therefore the activities of four glycosidases--beta-galactosidase, beta-glucoronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase--were examined in normoblasts and membranes of red blood cells (RBC). The enzymatic assays were based on the hydrolysis of fluorimetric 4-methylumbelliferone from the enzyme substrate. In order to avoid contamination by lysosomal activities derived from RBC, the mature RBC and normoblasts obtained from normal controls and thalassemic patients were separated from other blood elements by cellulose chromatography. The cells were disrupted and lysed by freezing and thawing hypotonic solution. Higher enzymatic activities were found in preparations from thalassemic patients than from normal subjects. With a sucrose density gradient, further separation of normoblasts from RBC membranes was obtained, indicating that the normoblast fraction contributed most of the high specific activity found in the thalassemic preparation. It was concluded that relatively high glycosidase activities are present in normoblasts of thalassemic patients. Lower but significant activities were detected in RBC membranes of normal control subjects and thalassemic patients.
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PMID:Hydrolase activities in normoblasts of beta-thalassemic patients. 10 31

Arylsulfatases A, B, and C, beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase were assayed in neuronal, astroglial, and oligodendroglial fractions isolated from adult rabbit and beef brains. The specific activities of all acid hydrolases were lower in beef cells compared to rabbit cells. The lysosomal enzymes of the rabbit neuronal fraction showed 10--25 time higher activities than the oligodendroglial fraction and 5-fold higher activities than the astroglial fraction. In beef brain, the specific activities of these enzymes were similar in oligodendroglia and astrocytes but 4--10 times lower than in neurons. The low activity of arylsulfatase A and beta-galactosidase in oligodendroglial cells may suggest that the low turnover of cerebroside and sulfatide in myelin may be regulated in part by the enzymes that catalyze their degradation.
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PMID:Lysosomal hydrolases in neuronal, astroglial, and olidodendroglial enriched fractions of rabbit and beef brain. 11 Aug 95

Four hydrolases, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase were examined in red blood cells (RBC) of normal donors and patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia. Highly sensitive fluorimetric substrates were used to determine the specific activities of these enzymes. In order to avoid contamination by lysosomal activities derived from white blood cells (WBC), the mature RBV were separated from other blood elements by cellulose chromatography. The hydrolase activities in normal RBC were detected only in their plasma membranes and were found to be considerably lower than in WBC or platelets. In thalassaemic RBC, hydrolase activities were present in both plasma membranes and in the soluble fraction. The normoblast fraction contributed most of the hydrolase activity found in these preparations, suggesting the presence of lysosomal particles in thalassaemic RBC. No differences in the enzymatic activities were found when purified membranes of mature RBC from thalassemic and normal preparations were compared. The origin and roles of these hydrolytic enzymes in normal and thalassaemic RBC membranes are not known.
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PMID:"Lysosomal" enzyme activities in red blood cells of normal individuals and patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia. 11 37

The study deals with the distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatases, ATPase, 5-nucleotidase, nonspecific esterase, specific cholinesterase, and beta-galactosidase in the diencephalon of the frog. The highlights of the present study are the following: i) Acid phosphatase is present in all the neurons, whereas the tracts and commissures are completely negative. ii) Most of the tracts and commissures are positive for 5-nucleotidase. This confirms the author's previous findings that the tracts and commissures of all the areas of frog brain are intensely positive for 5-nucleotidase. iii) beta-galactosidase activity in the nuclei of the diencephalon is either mild or completely absent, whereas the commissures and tracts show positive activity. iv) Habenulothalamic connections are intensely positive for specific cholinesterase and non-specific esterase, moderately positive for beta-galactosidase and completely negative for other enzymes. v) The epiphysis (pineal organ) shows intense reaction for adenosine triphosphatase, acid phosphatase, and 5-nucleotidase and moderate reaction for alkaline phosphatase and non-specific esterase. In contrast to the above enzymes, the specific cholinesterase and beta-galactosidase are completely missing. vi) Lateral forebrain bundles are completely negative for all the enzymes except alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase. The distribution of these enzymes has been correlated with the functional aspects of various nuclei, tracts, and commissures of the diencephalon of the frog.
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PMID:The chemoarchitectonics of the diencephalon of frog (Rana tigrina). 15 81

Rats bearing Reuber H-35 or Novikoff hepatomas and mice bearing L1210 or L5178Y murine leukemias exhibited elevated serum levels of fetuin : N-acetylneuraminic acid transferase (EC 2.4.99.1) activity. The serum transferase activity could be correlated with the growth rate of the tumor; in animals bearing the more rapidly growing Novikoff hepatoma, activity was higher than in animals bearing the Reuber H-35 hepatoma. Higher transferase levels were also found in L1210 leukemic mice than in mice with the slightly slower growing L5178Y leukemia. Serum from rats bearing Reuber H-35 hepatoma and mice bearing L1210 murine leukemia had elevated levels of alpha- and beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20 and EC 3.2.1.21), alpha- and beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22 and (3.2.1.23), beta mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), alpha- and beta-fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.- and EC 3.2.1.38), beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2); alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24), beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.2.-) and beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) were not elevated. In animals bearing Reuber H-35 hepatoma, host liver levels of glycosidases, beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) and acid phosphatase were elevated over both the control and the hepatoma values. The data are interpreted to mean that the tumors or various host tissues release large quantities of enzymes into the serum and that enzyme levels in host organs may also be affected by the tumor.
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PMID:Serum and host liver activities of glycosidases and sialyltransferases in animals bearing transplantable tumors. 17 98

1. The elution profiles of eleven acid hydrolases from human liver and plasma were directly compared using a system whereby a single salt gradient was simultaneously applied to two DEAE-cellulose chromatographic columns. 2. Plasma alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase isoenzymes were eluted at higher salt concentrations than the corresponding liver isoenzymes whereasbeta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, exo-1,4-beta-xylosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase isoenzymes were eluted at lower salt concentrations. The elution profiles of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase weremore complex. 3. After incubation with neuraminidase most plasma hydrolases were eluted at lower salt concentrations, however the elution patterns of beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase and acid phosphatase were not altered. 4. Preincubation with neuraminidase had no effect on the elution profiles of six liver hydrolases whereas the major isoenzymes of alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase were eluted at markedly lower salt concentrations. Liver alpha-fucosidase and alpha-galactosidase were eluted at slightly lower salt concentrations afterincubation with neuraminidase. 5. The results are discussed in relation to thepathogenesis of Mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease), and the synthesis and packaging of lysosomal enzymes.
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PMID:Effect of neuraminidase on the chromatographic behaviour of eleven acid hydrolases from human liver and plasma. 19 Dec 58

The distributions of acid and alkaline phosphatases, 5-nucleotidase, ATPase, non-specific esterase, specific cholinesterase, succinic dehydrogenase and beta-galactosidase are described in the mesencephalic auditory, tegmental and cranial nerve nuclei of the frog (Rana tigrina). The main results of the study are as follows: The laminar, principal, and magnocellular nuclei of the torus semicircularis, which are associated with auditory functions, show intense activity of specific cholinesterase. On the other hand, the commissural and subependymal mid-line nuclei, whose functions are doubtful, show a complete lack of this enzyme. The nucleus isthmi shows intense acid phosphatase, ATPase, non-specific esterase, specific cholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase activities. Non-specific esterase is virtually absent from all the areas studied except the nucleus isthmi and the 3rd and 4th cranial nerve nuclei. Most of the commissures and fibre tracts show intense activity for beta-galactosidase and 5-nucleotidase. The possible roles of these enzymes in glycolipid and myelin metabolism are discussed.
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PMID:Histoenzymological analysis of mesencephalic auditory, tegmental and cranial nerve nuclei in the frog (Rana tigrina). 21 17

The effect of N6,O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate (dbcAMP) on the mobilization of calcium (Ca2+), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and lysosomal enzymes was studied in a bone culture system for 24 h using half calvaria from 6--7 day-old mice. DbcAMP inhibited spontaneous as well as parathyroid hormone-stimulated mineral mobilization. DbcAMP in a concentration of 5 x 10(-4)M also reduced the activities of beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase found in the media while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not affected. It is concluded that cAMP is not a stimulator but an inhibitor of bone resorption within the culture period studied (24 h) and that the cyclic nucleotide might interfere with release processes involved in bone resorption.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the release of calcium, inorganic phosphate and lysosomal enzymes from calvarial bones cultured for 24 hours. 22 6


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