Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acid beta-galactosidase activity can be separated into multiple molecular forms by isoelectric focusing on cellulose acetate membranes. The residual acid beta-galactosidase in the juvenile form of GM1 gangliosidosis has three bands of enzyme activity with an apparent isoelectric pH (pI) range from 4.9 to 5.2, whereas that in the infantile form has a single band with an apparent pI of 5.2. Separation of residual acid beta-galactosidase into multiple molecular forms by analytical isoelectric focusing demonstrates enzymatic differences that can be correlated with the allelic mutations that affect the GM1 ganglioside beta-galactosidase locus.
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PMID:GM1 gangliosidosis: enzymatic variation in a single family. 678 63

Neurologic deterioration began in a girl before age 2 years. By 4 she was spastic and decerebrate. GM1 gangliosidosis was diagnosed by absence of beta-galactosidase activity in leukocytes and fibroblasts. She died at 17 years. Her small brain contained only 2.61 mumole glycolipid N-acetylneuraminic acid per gram, and was filled with autofluorescent material. GM1 gangliosidosis was confirmed by the presence of membranous cytoplasmic bodies, by the absence of beta-galactosidase, and by failure of complementation when the patient's fibroblasts were fused with cells from other forms of GM1 gangliosidosis. The autofluorescent material probably accumulated because of the long survival rather than the primary enzyme defect.
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PMID:Type 2 GM1 gangliosidosis with long survival and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. 678 58

Clinical and pathological studies are reported from investigation of a 27-year-old man with GM1 gangliosidosis who experienced a slowly progressive dystonia that began about age 4, primarily affected the face and limbs, and eventually became almost totally incapacitating. There was only mild intellectual deterioration; myoclonus, seizures, and macular cherry-red spots were never observed. Postmortem examination revealed intraneuronal storage, localized predominantly to the basal ganglia, in which neurons contained round, multilamellated inclusions. Golgi studies revealed meganeurites arising from medium spiny neurons. Other areas of the central nervous system appeared relatively unaffected, although small basilar dilatations were observed in scattered cortical pyramidal neurons and Purkinje cell dendrites showed focal swellings. Vacuolated cells of the reticuloendothelial system were observed, including Kupffer cells and histiocytes in the spleen, marrow, and intestinal tract. Biochemical analysis revealed a generalized beta-galactosidase deficiency with specific accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in the basal ganglia.
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PMID:Chronic GM1 gangliosidosis presenting as dystonia: I. Clinical and pathological features. 679 74

A patient with chronic GM1 gangliosidosis was studied enzymatically and biochemically. Leukocyte acid beta-galactosidase activity was severely deficient. In brain and liver, the 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-galactosidase with acidic pH optimum and lactosylceramidase II were deficient while other hydrolases were present in normal amounts, including sialidase determined with N-acetylneuramin-lactose and fetuin as substrates. Neutral beta-galactosidase in liver was increased up to fourfold over the control. Corresponding to the pathological findings, GM1 ganglioside sialic acid was increased in the basal ganglia to 57% of the total (normal, 12 to 16%), accounting for the rise in total ganglioside to 180% of normal in this origin. Only slight to moderate elevations in the proportion of GM1 ganglioside were noted in the cerebral cortex and white matter, without major increase in total ganglioside. Elevated asialo GM1 ganglioside was also confined to the basal ganglia. There was no increase in hepatic glycoproteins or in keratan sulfate-like materials. This is the only known patient with chronic GM1 gangliosidosis in whom abnormal accumulation of GM1 ganglioside has been demonstrated in affected tissue and sialidase deficiency has been excluded as the primary genetic defect.
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PMID:Chronic GM1 gangliosidosis presenting as dystonia: II. Biochemical studies. 679 75

Thirteen patients with galactosialidosis (beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency) from 9 families including two autopsy cases were studied from clinical, genetic, cytological and biochemical standpoints. Coarse facies, myoclonus, cerebellar ataxia, angiokeratoma, loss of vision, corneal opacity and cherry-red spots were the main signs and symptoms although these clinical manifestations were widely variable in individual cases. It is not yet known whether these clinical variations represent genetic heterogeneity or not. Deficiency of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase was the most prominent biochemical abnormality in this disease. Beta-Galactosidase activity was restored in fibroblasts when serine-thiol protease inhibitors were added to the culture medium. Cathepsin B activity was significantly high in fibroblasts, liver and brain from the patients. It was demonstrated that neuraminidase was susceptible to the procedures for disrupting cells and tissues, such as sonication and freezing. The stability of this enzyme may be dependent on the molecular state in relation to cell membranes.
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PMID:Galatosialidosis (beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency): clinical and biochemical studies on 13 patients. 681 2

Rectal mucosa biopsy specimens from patients with neuronal storage diseases were examined by electron microscopy. The diseases were Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff's disease, Niemann-Pick disease types B and C, late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy, GM1 gangliosidosis type 1, beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency, I-cell disease, and mucopolysaccharidoses (Hunter's syndrome and Sanfilippo's syndrome type A). Unmyelinated nerve fibers, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, plasma cells, and histiocytes were seen in the specimens. Except for plasma cells, the results thus obtained for various cells were similar to those obtained from skin and conjunctival biopsy specimens, which have been already reported. There has been no report so far on ultrastructure of the plasma cell in these diseases. Storage materials, eg, dense bodies and membrane-bound vacuoles, were observed in the plasma cells in various storage diseases, with the exception of late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy. Thus, electron microscopy of rectal mucosa is useful in making diagnoses and examining plasma cells in some neuronal storage diseases.
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PMID:Ultrastructural study of biopsy specimens of rectal mucosa. Its use in neuronal storage diseases. 689 82

An 11-year-old Japanese girl was diagnosed as having type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis by clinical symptoms and enzyme assay. She was the youngest among the patients with type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis whose clinical and neuroradiological findings have been documented. Clumsiness since early infancy and dystonia since early childhood which progressed slowly without mental deterioration and dysmorphism led us to the diagnosis of type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis. Genotype determination showed point mutation in exon 2 of the beta-galactosidase gene, which is common among the patients reported in Japan. T2-weighted MRI demonstrated bilateral symmetrical hypointensity in the putamen and globus pallidus. Single photon emission computed tomography using 99mTc-HMPAO showed bilateral hyperperfusion in the basal ganglia which decreased gradually during 1 year of observation. Twenty-two patients with type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis reported in the literature whose onset was at under 15 years of age were reviewed.
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PMID:Type 3 GM1 gangliosidosis: clinical and neuroradiological findings in an 11-year-old girl. 893 63

GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio syndrome type B (MPS IVB) are inherited lyosomal storage disorders associated with deficiency of beta-galactosidase-A (beta GALA) activity. A recombinant plasmid containing a biotinylated cDNA (2.4-kb insert) encoding human beta GALA was used to localize the enzyme locus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The human beta GALA gene was assigned to 3p21.33 by FISH.
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PMID:Assignment of human beta-galactosidase-A gene to 3p21.33 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. 769 77

Enzyme activities were determined in fibroblast cell cultures of eight patients suspected of having a type of sphingolipidosis. The patients were 0 to 4 years of age; four were female and four were male. Thirteen age-matched controls were also included in the study. In one of the cases, hexosaminidase A activity was found to be 0% (43-82%), while in two other cases beta-galactosidase activity was found to be 5 nmol/h/mg protein (100-1035 nmol/h/mg protein) and arylsulfatase activity was found to be 12 nmol/h/mg protein (106-990 nmol/h/mg protein), respectively. Two more enzymes, alpha-galactosidase (11-39 nmol/h/mg protein) and cerebroside beta-galactosidase (3.7-6.9 nmol/h/mg protein), were also evaluated but were found to be in the normal ranges in these patients. Therefore, these patients were considered to have Tay-Sachs disease, GM1 gangliosidosis and metachromatic leukodystrophy, respectively. The remaining five patients were normal in respect to the five enzyme activities determined. For the prenatal diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy, arylsulfatase A activity was determined in one amniotic cell culture. The activity found in this case was lower than normal (34 nmol/h/mg protein versus 387 nmol/h/mg protein found in three control amniotic cell cultures.
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PMID:A study on enzyme activities of some sphingolipidoses. 797 12

We report neuropathologic findings for a 66-year-old Japanese man with adult/chronic GM1 gangliosidosis whose main clinical symptoms were speech and gait disturbance attributable to dystonia with rigidity. He was a homozygote for the 51isoleucine (ATC)-->threonine (ACC) mutation in the beta-galactosidase gene. Neuronal loss and intracytoplasmic storage were most prominent in the caudate nucleus and putamen and, to a lesser degree, in the amygdala, globus pallidus, and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Other areas of the CNS were relatively spared. We believe that this selective neuronal involvement in the CNS is characteristic of adult/chronic GM1 gangliosidosis and that it reflects a more active turnover of GM1 ganglioside in the affected areas than elsewhere in the CNS.
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PMID:Adult GM1 gangliosidosis: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in an autopsy case. 799 Nov 29


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