Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primarily, three operons, hmsHFRS, hmsT and hmsP, are responsible for the development of a Yersinia pestis biofilm, which is essential for blockage-dependent transmission of plague from fleas to mammals. Here, using specific antibodies, a polymeric beta-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-like polysaccharide was detected in the extracellular matrix of hmsHFRS-dependent Y. pestis biofilm. The production of this exopolysaccharide (EPS) was controlled by diguanylate cyclase HmsT and EAL domain phosphodiesterase HmsP, acting as positive and negative regulators respectively. Cellular compartmentalization of soluble segments of Hms inner membrane proteins, including the putative glycosyltransferase domain of HmsR, the diguanylate cyclase/GGDEF domain of HmsT and the phosphodiesterase/EAL domain of HmsP, was determined by a combination of topology prediction algorithms and construction of C-terminal translational fusions with beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase. Multiple interactions of Hms inner membrane proteins were detected using bacterial cAMP based two-hybrid system. Biochemical analyses confirmed some of these protein-protein interactions. Our results indicate that synthesis and regulation of the Y. pestis biofilm EPS occurs in the cytoplasm by a proposed Hms enzymatic complex.
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PMID:Insights into Yersinia pestis biofilm development: topology and co-interaction of Hms inner membrane proteins involved in exopolysaccharide production. 1827 44

To show the role of MalT protein in the regulation of mal genes, encoding proteins involved in transport and metabolism of maltose/ maltodextrins in Yersinia enterocolitica, we constructed a malT mutant which was characterized by a strong reduction in maltose transport and a loss of MBP protein. We also studied the influence of MalT activity on the production of Yop proteins in Y. enterocolitica and found that the level of these virulence factors is not changed in the malT mutant. Subsequently, transcriptional fusion malT::lacZYA was applied to study the activity of malT promoter. Monitoring of beta-galactosidase activity suggests the influence of catabolic repression on malT transcription, sincethe activity of malT promoter was decreased twofold in the presence of glucose. Furthermore, Mlc protein was identified in Y. enterocolitica as a factor regulating the transcription of malT. We observed a two-fold increase in the level of malT transcription in the mlc mutant background. Moreover, overproduction of Mlc protein strongly inhibited the activity of malT promoter. Thus, the data presented in this study suggest that the level of mal gene expression in Y. enterocolitica may be regulated by two proteins: MalT, the activator of mal transcription and Mlc, the repressor of malT expression.
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PMID:Regulation of Yersinia enterocolitica mal genes by MalT and Mlc proteins. 1861 Jun 52

Type III secretion (T3S) systems play key roles in the assembly of flagella and the translocation of bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. Eleven proteins which are conserved among gram-negative plant and animal pathogenic bacteria have been proposed to build up the basal structure of the T3S system, which spans both inner and outer bacterial membranes. We studied six conserved proteins, termed Hrc, predicted to reside in the inner membrane of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The membrane topology of HrcD, HrcR, HrcS, HrcT, HrcU and HrcV was studied by translational fusions to a dual alkaline phosphatase-beta-galactosidase reporter protein. Two proteins, HrcU and HrcV, were found to have the same membrane topology as the Yersinia homologues YscU and YscV. For HrcR, the membrane topology differed from the model for the homologue from Yersinia, YscR. For our data on three other protein families, exemplified by HrcD, HrcS and HrcT, we derived the first topology models. Our results provide what is believed to be the first complete model of the inner membrane topology of any bacterial T3S system and will aid in elucidating the architecture of T3S systems by ultrastructural analysis.
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PMID:Membrane topology of conserved components of the type III secretion system from the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. 2037 46


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