Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of 6 glycosidases (n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase) in the oviduct of the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were studied with histochemical methods. Alpha-galactosidase and alpha-fucosidase showed a weak to moderate activity in the surface epithelium and in most of the glands of the oviduct. A Distinct reactivity of beta-glucuronidase was observed in the surface epithelium of the whole oviduct and in the glands of the uterovaginal-region. A moderate to distinct reactivity of n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase cound be demonstrated in the epithelium and in the glands of all regions of the oviduct. The comparatively highest activity of this enzyme was found in the glands of the magnum and in the surface epithelium of the uterus. The possible functions of the glycosidases in the oviduct are discussed briefly.
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PMID:[Histotopic of glycosidases in the oviduct of the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (author's transl)]. 20 47

A rat oestrogen receptor-beta-galactosidase fusion protein was expressed using a pEX2/rat oestrogen receptor cDNA construct. Scatchard analysis of [3H]oestradiol-17 beta binding to the cell lysate revealed that the fusion protein had functional binding sites specific for oestradiol with a dissociation constant of 1.49 nmol/l. The relative molecular weight (M(r)) of the fusion protein was determined as 180,000 by immunoblot analysis of the cell lysate employing a monoclonal antibody to the human oestrogen receptor. The protein was isolated by means of SDS-PAGE and subsequent electroblotting. By immunization with the purified materials on nitrocellulose membrane, a polyclonal antibody to the rat oestrogen receptor was raised in a rabbit. Binding of [3H]oestradiol to the oestrogen receptor from the rat uterus was inhibited by the antibody in a dose-dependent manner. The antibody was also able to recognize the oestrogen receptor occupied by [3H]oestradiol. Thus, the antibody could react with both forms of the receptor molecule, either occupied or unoccupied by the hormone. In immunoblot analysis of the cytosol fraction of the rat uterus, a single band of M(r) 67,000, the size of the oestrogen receptor, was detected by the antibody. Moreover, when the antibody was applied to immunohistochemical examination of paraffin-embedded pituitary and brain sections of the rat, immunostaining was observed in cells of the anterior pituitary and in neurones in specific regions of the brain. The immunoreactivity was restricted exclusively to cell nuclei in both tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A polyclonal antibody to the rat oestrogen receptor expressed in Escherichia coli: characterization and application to immunohistochemistry. 147 41

A lambda gt11 expression library containing cDNA inserts prepared from porcine endometrial mRNA was immunologically screened by using an antiserum developed against porcine uteroferrin (Uf), a glycoprotein that has been strongly implicated in transplacental iron transport in the pregnant pig. Antibody reactive clones (lambda 4a3, 13.1, and 2.2) were isolated after screening 1.5 x 10(5) recombinant phages. Clones 4a3 and 13.1 expressed Uf antigenic determinants in beta-galactosidase fusion proteins and specifically selected antibody which reacted with Uf in immunoblots prepared from uterine cytosolic extracts. In addition, all three cDNA clones collectively contained DNA sequences that encoded an 85-amino acid peptide which corresponded to a region within the carboxyterminal portion of the Uf protein. Northern blot hybridization of these cDNAs to RNAs extracted from whole uterine tissue of pregnant pigs revealed a single uterine poly(A)+ RNA of approximately 1.7 kilobases in length, which was not found in liver and mammary tissue RNAs. The concentration of the Uf mRNA changed in a temporal fashion during pregnancy in a manner that was distinct from that of the progesterone receptor mRNAs. Highest levels of Uf mRNA were found at mid and late pregnancy (days 45-110) and were about 50-fold greater than at day 30 of pregnancy. By contrast, RIA analysis of the uterine tissue extracts showed that maximum amounts of Uf were present at day 60 and then declined sharply. Thus the pattern of Uf mRNA present in the uterus did not parallel the amount of Uf polypeptide that could be recovered from the tissue. The tissue specific and temporal regulation of Uf gene expression emphasizes that the protein plays an important role in uterine activity and/or fetal development.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and temporal expression during pregnancy of the messenger ribonucleic acid encoding uteroferrin, a progesterone-induced uterine secretory protein. 296 54

Rat mammary tumours induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene can undergo repeated growth and regression during successive pregnancies. In a 10-day period after birth about half of the tumours regressed 50% or more. The concentrations of the lysosomal enzymes increased in regressing mammary tumours to the following multiples of the initial values: beta-glucuronidase, 7.7; beta-galactosidase, 3.9; cathepsin, 2.9; acid ribonuclease, 2.1; arylsulphatase A, 1.5; acid phosphatase, 1.4. In contrast, several non-lysosomal enzymes failed to increase. Activities in the post-partum uterus increased to the following multiples of the initial values: beta-glucuronidase, 5.8; cathepsin, 5.5; acid ribonuclease, 4.3; beta-galactosidase, 2.2; acid phosphatase, 1.8. Arylsulphatase A in the post-partum uterus decreased significantly, suggesting a non-lysosomal distribution or a special function related to pregnancy. No other significant changes were observed in the lysosomal or non-lysosomal enzymes in the hormone-independent liver or hormone-dependent normal mammary gland. The ratio of free to bound arylsulphatase A and acid ribonuclease decreased slightly 1-3 days after birth because of problems in homogenizing the tumours. At days 4-8, however, there was a dramatic increase in the ratio of the free to bound activities. The results can be explained in terms of the lysosomal theory of intracellular digestion.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzyme changes in growing and regressing mammary tumours. 576 57

1. Both the post-partum involution of the rat uterus and the rapid breakdown of collagen that accompanies it are extensively inhibited by oestrogenic hormones. In the normal rat, 85% of the uterine collagen is degraded within 4 days after parturition; in rats treated with 100mug. of 17beta-oestradiol/day, only 35% of uterine collagen is broken down in the same period. 2. Similar effects are produced by diethylstilboestrol if the dose is increased tenfold. 3. Collagen breakdown is inhibited to a greater extent than is the loss of wet weight by oestradiol but not by diethylstilboestrol. 4. The oestrogens appear to act by blocking the breakdown of collagen. There is a greatly decreased concentration of free hydroxyproline in the uterus of treated animals. 5. Acid hydrolase concentrations (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin D and acid phosphatase) in the uterus are decreased by oestrogen treatment compared with controls, but the total amounts of these enzymes in the uterus are somewhat elevated. Oestrogens do not appear to inhibit collagen breakdown by altering the concentration and total amount of acid hydrolases.
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PMID:Inhibition by oestrogen of collagen breakdown in the involuting rat uterus. 582 64

1. The rat uterus contains acid cathepsin, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, acid phosphatase and deoxyribonuclease II at concentrations comparable with those found in liver. Two non-hydrolytic uterine enzymes, cytochrome c oxidase and aspartate aminotransferase, display only 2-6% of the activity found in liver. 2. The concentrations of acid cathepsin and beta-glucuronidase are significantly decreased in pregnancy and increase 3-4-fold during post-partum involution. 3. The concentrations of beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase are not decreased in pregnancy and increase only 2-3-fold during involution. 4. The concentrations of these four acid hydrolases increase linearly during the first 4 days post partum and reach their peak values at the same time that wet weight and collagen content fall to their lowest point. 5. The concentration of deoxyribonuclease is depressed in pregnancy but does not rise above normal in the post-partum period. 6. Only a small proportion of each hydrolytic activity can be isolated in the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of sucrose homogenates of the rat uterus. This proportion increases during involution. However, the extensive mitochondrial rupture occurring during homogenization indicates that the technique is probably too harsh to obtain a true measure of the proportion of lysosomes present in the intact tissue. 7. There are no significant changes in either the concentration or subcellular distribution of the five acid hydrolases in the livers of the experimental rats during pregnancy or involution. In each case the largest proportion of the activity is found in the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of liver homogenates. 8. The results are interpreted in terms of the lysosomal theory of intracellular digestion.
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PMID:Acid hydrolases of the rat uterus in relation to pregnancy, post-partum involution and collagen breakdown. 589 45

Seven acid glycosidases activities have been measured in normal rat uterus during the oestrus cycle. It has been observed that alpha-fucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-galactosidase, aryl sulfatase, acid phosphatase and hexosaminidase activities changed cyclically during the oestrus cycle. From onward oestrus to metaoestrus the enzyme activities are in their highest level, but then decline slightly towards the resting one, as the cycle progresses. It is possible that changes in glycosidases content bear a lysosomal relationship, since it is known the increase in the lysosome content of the uterus during the oestrus and metaoestrus. The increased enzyme content could be related to uterus glycoproteins secretion and degradation during the normal oestrus cycle.
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PMID:Glycosidases in the rat uterus during the oestrus cycle. 609 86

Six glycosidase activities were detected in homogenates of the rat uterus by using the p-Nitrophenyl-glycoside as substrate. The enzyme activities were separated by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The uterus contained alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity which had a similar pH optima of 4.4, whereas the pH optimum for beta-fucosidase was found to be of 4.4 - 4.6. The alpha-mannosidase activity showed two peaks of maximal activity at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0. The uterus contained two forms of the alpha-L-fucosidase activity separable by Sephadex G-200 which had a pH optima of 4.4 - 4.6 (form I) and pH 5.0 (form II). The glycosidases differed in heat stability, Km values and other several characteristics, which suggests that each enzyme apparently did not show any cross-contamination.
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PMID:Glycosidases from the rat uterus. 609 87

The Caenorhabditis elegans ubq-2 gene encodes a fusion of ubiquitin and a 52-amino-acid ribosomal protein. This single copy gene is both cis- and trans-spliced. It is expressed in all life stages of the worm and its transcript abundance is unaffected by heat stress. Transgenic analysis shows that expression of ubq-2 is regulated by an upstream promoter and a downstream element. The downstream element is required for ubq-2 promoter activity in embryos and in cells of the somatic gonad, including the distal tip cells, sheath cells, spermathecal cells, and cells of the uterus. The gonad-specific activity of the downstream regulator is transferable to a stress gene promoter such that heat-inducible expression of the transgene occurs in the somatic gonad. Stress-inducible beta-galactosidase expression in the gonad does not occur in all life stages, but is initiated late in the second or early in the third larval stage, when differentiation of gonadal tissues begins. Expression of a beta-galactosidase fusion protein from constructs containing the downstream ubq-2 regulator causes abnormalities of the gonad and embryonic lethality. Gonad abnormalities include arrested development and general disorganization. These abnormalities may be related to the overexpression of ubiquitin in the gonad.
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PMID:A portable regulatory element directs specific expression of the Caenorhabditis elegans ubiquitin gene ubq-2 in the somatic gonad. 755 8

The mouse estrogen receptor was expressed in yeast cells to study the mechanism of action of anti-estrogens. Tamoxifen and hydroxytamoxifen, estrogen antagonists in mammalian tissues, failed to antagonize estradiol-induced expression of a VitA2-ERE-CTC1-lacZ reporter gene construct and exhibited full agonist activity, while nafoxidine exhibited partial antagonism as well as partial agonism. ICI 164,384 is a potent anti-estrogen in both mouse and human estrogen receptor systems. Our previous studies in the mouse uterus indicated that rapid degradation of the estrogen receptor accounted for the loss of estrogen responsiveness. In yeast however, ICI 164,384 or an isomer ICI 182,780 were unable to antagonize estradiol at concentration of 200 microM. On the contrary, both ICI compounds exhibited partial agonist activity by stimulating beta-galactosidase activity to 50% that of estradiol. We examined the level of estrogen receptor in the yeast after treatment with estradiol, ICI 164,384 or vehicle by Western blot and found no ICI-induced reduction of estrogen receptor levels, but observed an increase in estrogen receptor following estradiol treatment. This indicates that the proteolytic activity responsible for degrading estrogen receptor in ICI 164,384-treated uteri or eukaryotic cells is not present in yeast. The agonist activity seen with ICI indicated that ICI-bound estrogen receptor is able to induce expression of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene. In support of this, estrogen receptor from ICI 164,384-treated yeast was able to bind an estrogen-responsive element in a gel-shift assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Anti-estrogen activity in the yeast transcription system: estrogen receptor mediated agonist response. 787 84


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