Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical findings and lysosomal enzymes (LYE) in eight lumpy skin diseases (LSD) cows and same number of healthy ones were reported in Tal-El Baker village and Tal Alkabir centre, Ismailia province, Egypt. LSD began with fever, anorexia, skin lesions in form of nodules all over the body, which disappeared spontaneously or gathered to form large lumps. It was complicated with respiratory manifestation, corneal opacity, mastitis, dehydration and later on recumbency. It is noteworthy that the level of 3 LYE showed the same trend of significant reduction in acute stage of the disease (5 days after occurrence of LSD) probably due to injection of animals with a therapeutics dose of terramycin. Acid-phosphatase (ACP) enzyme is the sole that behaved very high significant increase in the serum in acute stage of LSD due to the damaged tissues caused by the virus. It underwent insignificant decrease in late stage of the disease (20 days after its occurrence) to restore the normal LYE level in control cows indicating recovery. Alpha-galactosidase (alpha-GAL) decreased perpetually by the progression of LSD because of the decreased bactericidal index which ist in concomitance with the secondary bacterial invader. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) and beta-galactosidase (beta-GAL) in LYE had the same fluctuating manner. The activities showed very highly significant decrease in acute stage, followed by highly significant and significant increases (late LSD stage) respectively. The appreciable significant increase of beta-GAL may declare the effect of anorexia on LSD. In view of these findings, it can be postulated that LSD may be diagnosed and prognosed through LYE changes in the serum.
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PMID:Characterization of serum lysosomal enzymatic activities. II. Effect of lumpy skin disease in Egyptian cows. 133 Apr 81

The medium of Rambach was modified to permit differentiation of mastitis streptococci. A total of 377 streptococci isolated from bovine IMI was used in the study. Of the 159 strains identified as Streptococcus uberis, 151 strains (94.9%) were beta-galactosidase-positive and yielded blue colonies on modified Rambach agar. In comparison, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Enterococcus saccharolyticus, or Enterococcus faecalis strains were negative for propylene glycol utilization (red colonies) or beta-galactosidase production; all strains yielded colorless colonies on modified Rambach agar. However, 5 of 35 (14.3%) Streptococcus equinus strains were also positive for beta-galactosidase. Results indicate that modified Rambach agar is a convenient medium for the differentiation of the Strep. uberis from the other mastitis streptococci. Furthermore, modified Rambach agar could be easily incorporated as a screening medium for Strep. uberis in mastitis bacteriology laboratories.
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PMID:Use of modified Rambach agar to differentiate Streptococcus uberis from other mastitis streptococci. 832 35

A highly presumptive identification of Nocardia farcinica was made of 47 bacterial isolates. Fifteen isolates from Alberta, 9 from Ontario, and 2 each from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia were from clinical cases involved in the Canadian mastitis epizootic. Seventeen additional isolates from Alberta were recovered from farm milk bulk tanks from herds found to have cows involved in the epizootic. All isolates were shown by high-performance liquid chromatography to possess mycolic acids of a size consistent with the genus Nocardia. All isolates were resistant to a concentration of 5 micrograms/mL of mitomycin C. Forty-five isolates grew well and 2 showed reduced growth in the presence of 50 micrograms/mL of kanamycin acid sulfate. Forty-six isolates were resistant to 5-fluorouracil at a concentration of 20 micrograms/mL. All isolates were resistant to lysozyme. Resistance to these compounds supported the placement of the isolates in the genus Nocardia. Thirty-five isolates produced strong beta-galactosidase reactions and 12 showed weak reactions. The demonstration of beta-galactosidase activity further supports the identification of the isolates as nocardiae. Attempts to identify the bacteria to species by high-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acid esters were frustrated, since two species of Nocardia were found to have indistinguishable mycolic acid patterns. The physiological and growth characteristics of the isolates were consistent with Nocardia farcinica.
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PMID:Highly presumptive identification of bacterial isolates associated with the recent Canada-wide mastitis epizootic as Nocardia farcinica. 836 99

A total of 414 coagulase-positive staphylococcal strains obtained at the mastitis laboratory, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden, were studied. One hundred and seventy seven strains were used for a frequency study. Ninety-seven per cent were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, 2% as Staphylococcus intermedius and 1% as Staphylococcus hyicus. Two hundred and thirty seven strains with atypical hemolysis reactions on bovine blood agar were randomly selected, with the aim to increase the number of S. intermedius and S. hyicus strains available for testing. Eight different characteristics, including physiological, enzymatical and biochemical properties, were used to identify the coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species. The results of this study suggest that the following tests should be included for correct identification of the 3 different species of coagulase-positive staphylococci: P agar supplemented with acriflavin, beta-galactosidase and hemolytic reaction on chocolate agar. These 3 tests are simple and quick to perform and enable accurate for easy differentiation of the 3 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species.
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PMID:Identification of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from bovine milk. 1091 1

Bovine mastitis remains the most economically important disease in dairy cows. Corynebacterium bovis, a lipid-requiring Corynebacterium spp., is frequently isolated from the milk of infected mammary glands of dairy cows and is associated with reduced milk production. A total of 212 coryneform bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows were obtained from mastitis reference laboratories in the United States and Canada. All isolates had been presumptively identified as Corynebacterium bovis based on colony morphology and growth in the presence of butterfat. Preliminary identification of the isolates was based on Gram stain, oxidase, catalase, and growth on unsupplemented trypticase soy agar (TSA), TSA supplemented with 5% sheep blood, and TSA supplemented with 1% Tween 80. Of the 212 isolates tested, 183 were identified as Corynebacterium spp. based on preliminary characteristics. Of the strains misidentified, one was identified as a yeast, two as Bacillus spp., 11 as Enterobacteriaceae, 18 as staphylococci, one as a Streptococcus spp., and one as an Enterococcus spp. Eighty-seven coryneforms were selected for identification to the species level by direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the Biolog system and the API Coryne system. Fifty strains were identified as C. bovis by 16S rRNA gene similarity studies: the Biolog and API Coryne systems correctly identified 54.0 and 88.0% of these strains, respectively. The other coryneforms were identified as other Corynebacterium spp., Rhodococcus spp., or Microbacterium spp. These data indicate that the coryneform bacteria isolated from bovine mammary glands are a heterogeneous group of organisms. Routine identification of C. bovis should include Gram-stain, cell morphology, catalase production, nitrate reduction, stimulated growth on 1% Tween 80 supplemented media, and beta-galactosidase production as the minimum requirements.
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PMID:Identification of corynebacterium bovis and other coryneforms isolated from bovine mammary glands. 1104 82

As a step toward preventing and curing Staphylococcus aureus mastitis, an adenoviral-mediated gene transfer technique was used to enable mammary cells to synthesize and secrete lysostaphin, an anti-staphylococcal protein. A lysostaphin gene, modified for eukaryotic expression of the bioactive variant, Gln125,232-lysostaphin, was inserted into a replication deficient adenovirus by homologous recombination in 293 cells. The resulting adenoviral vector containing the modified lysostaphin gene (Ad-lys) was used to infect bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro and caprine mammary cells in vivo. A similar adenoviral vector containing the Escherichia coli gene encoding beta-galactosidase (Ad-lacZ) was also evaluated. Transduction of cultured bovine cells by Ad-lacZ was confirmed by the presence of beta-galactosidase in fixed cells 48 h postinfection. Bovine cells transduced by Ad-lys secreted immunoreactive Gln125,232-lysostaphin (0.8 microg/ml) into media that had approximately 20% bioactivity compared with native lysostaphin. To evaluate transduction in vivo, udder halves of four nonlactating goats were exposed to 10(10) plaque-forming units (pfu) ofAd-lacZ by two intramammary infusions given 48 h apart. The animals were euthanized 24 h later, and extensive expression of beta-galactosidase was detected in cells lining the teat canals, with more moderate expression observed in adjoining mammary parenchyma. Udder halves of two other nonlactating goats were infused with 10(10) pfu of Ad-lys while contralateral udder halves received Ad-lacZ. The animals were euthanized 48 h postinfusion. In both animals, extensive expression of beta-galactosidase was detected in Ad-lacZ exposed teats. Immunoreative Gln125,232-lysostaphin was detectable in secretions from Ad-lys exposed glands 24 h postinfusion, increasing to approximately 1 microg/ml at 48 h postinfusion. As with cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells, the bioactivity of goat-derived Gln125,232-lysostaphin was approximately 20% of native lysostaphin. These results demonstrate that an adenoviral vector can be used to introduce a gene into the ruminant mammary gland, enabling the secretion of a bioactive form of lysostaphin.
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PMID:Adenoviral-mediated transfer of a lysostaphin gene into the goat mammary gland. 1220 21

This study is reporting an outbreak of subclinical mastitis due to beta-hemolytic group L streptococci in an Austrian dairy herd with a history of high somatic cell count. At the first survey 16 of 33 lactating cows (28 quarters of 132) were cultured positive for beta-hemolytic, CAMP and esculin negative cocci that grew on Columbia blood agar with small grey catalase negative colonies. With the commercial API 20 Strep system (bioMerieux, F) isolates were classified as members of streptococci group L. All tested strains (eight of 28) produced acid from ribose, lactose, trehalose, amidon and glycogen; they hydrolysed hippurate and showed beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase, leucinaminopeptidase and arginindehydrolase activity. Isolates were sensitive to bacitracin but resistant to tetracycline. Using phenotypic characterisation as well as sequence analysis of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of a representative strain, recovered isolates were identified as Streptococcus (S.) dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis. Mastitis was characterized by normal milk secretions and absence of clinical abnormalities but high elevations of somatic cell count. Based on the characteristics of the strains and on the observations during the first herd survey, contagious transmission during milking as a result of poor milking hygiene was assumed. The mastitis was controlled through implementation of a strict hygiene protocol including use of single-use udder towels, post milking teat desinfection and cluster disinfection between milking cows in combination with antibiotic treatment of infected udders.
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PMID:[Outbreak of subclinical mastitis due to beta hemolytic group L streptococci (S. dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis) in an Austrian dairy herd]. 2205 92