Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase)
 14,648 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of several glycosidases (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) were demonstrated in human bile. The enzyme activities are increased about 100 times after exclusion of bile salts and other small molecular compounds by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl derivatives as substrates was useful as measurement of the bile enzyme activities are not altered in the presence of bile pigments. Enzyme characteristics of bile glycosidases were determined: pH optimum and isoelectric point. The bile glycosidase activities were also measured in various hepatobiliary disorders (cholelithiasis, cancer of gallbladder, acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and fatty liver). The glycosidase activities in bile from patients with liver diseases, as well as with cholelithiasis, were generally decreased. Isoelectric focusing patterns of biliary glycosidases were similar for specimens from patients with hepatobiliary disorders as compared to normal.
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PMID:Bile lysosomal enzymes: characteristics and pathological significance for various hepatobiliary disorders. 1 80

The distributions of acid alpha1-glycoprotein, alpha1-fetoprotein, beta-galactosidase and gastrin in gastric carcinoma and gastric ulcer as well as in the neighbourhood of these lesions were studied by means of immunohistochemical methods on imprint preparation. We could not find significant differences between gastric carcinoma and the nonneoplastic lesions, except for the acid alpha1-glycoprotein. The results of this first study indicate that the immunochemical and immunohistological assay of acid alpha1-glycoprotein might be of practical value in diagnosing malignant changes of gastric mucosa.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1975 Sep 22
PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies on non neoplastic and neoplastic gastric mucosa. Determination of embryonic and specific antigens (author's transl)]. 5 51

Several radiosensitizing chemicals, including a family of simple nitroimidazoles, were examined in E. coli and compared with misonidazole for toxic side-effects on endpoints such as mutagenesis, cell killing and inhibition of the synthesis of the inducible enzyme beta-galactosidase. While all the compounds were similar to misonidazole or better in radiosensitization, marked differences in the various side effects were found. There results show that for E. coli it is possible to find compounds that sensitize as well as misonidazole but which have decreased mutagenicity and fewer other side-effects. Of the compounds examined, KA121 (2,5-dinitroimidazole) is the most promising for future study because it combines good radiosensitization with low mutagenicity and toxicity.
Br J Cancer Suppl 1978 Jun
PMID:Hypoxic radiosensitizers: prospects for effective compounds with fewer toxic side-effects. 9 75

Human adult lung fragments removed from macroscopically undamaged and anthracosis exempted zones of lungs of 20 pneumonectomies made for cancer, were tested for 25 enzymic activities. The location and intensities of these enzymic activities were different in the lung tissue components; The bronchial epithelia contained highly active LDH, MDH, SDH, NADH-TR and NADPH-TR, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, active hydroxyproline-2-epimerase, alkaline phosphatase. Ca2+-activated ATP-ase, and beta-galactosidase. Bronchial and vascular muscles presented intense activities of LDH, MDH and SDH of alkalinephosphatase, AMP-ase and Ca2+-activated ATP-ase, as well as of beta-galactosidase. The alveolar walls presented high activities of SDH, MDH and LDH, of alkaline and acid phosphatases, of beta-galactosidase and of Tween-40 and 60-esterases, of HEP, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase. The free alveolar macrophages were active for LDH, MDH, SDH, NADH-TR and NADPH-TR, G1-6-ph-DH, acid and alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase, HEP, AMP-ase and Mg2+-activated ATP-ase, Tween-esterases, naphthol-ASD-acetate esterase, and beta-galactosidase. The endothelia contained high activities of alkaline phosphatase, of AMP-ase and Mg2+-activated ATPase, of LDH, MDH and SDH, and of beta-galactosidase. In bronchial lymphoid nodules it was the LDH, MDH, SDH, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase, HEP, alkaline phosphatase and AMP-ase, Tween-60-esterase and beta-galactosidase that were active. The interlobular areas of the lung presented intense activities of SDH, MDH, LDH, HEP and cytochrome-oxidase. The activities of the other tested enzymes were weaker or absent in the adult human lung components, the same as those of aminopeptidases which were present only in some free alveolar macrophages. The discussion of some relationships between these enzymic actitivies and the morphology of the human adult lung tissue asserted that the latter could not be considered as a "normal" tissue but as one overstrained by the components of blood and polluted air.
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PMID:Histoenzymology of the lung. I. Enzyme activities of the lung tissue of acult humans; relationships between structure and functions. 14 Mar 14

Simple, rapid colorimetric tests for lysogenic induction (the derepression of a latent bacterial virus) are described. A quantitative test and a more rapid semiquantitative test are based on the assay of the beta-galactosidase synthesized from lacZ gene fused to an operon under lambda repressor control. These biochemical "inductests" are suitable for screening programs designed to detect agents that damage DNA and that are of potential interest in carcinogenesis and cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:A colorimetric assay of lysogenic induction designed for screening potential carcinogenic and carcinostatic agents. 16 85

In order to study the mechanism of tumor cell surface antigen shedding, galactosyltransferase levels were compared in 5 spontaneously metastasizing and 3 nonmetastasizing rat mammary tumors. The enzyme activity both with or without exogenous acceptors was higher in the metastasizing group. This difference did not seem to be due to the variation in levels of degrading enzymes such as pyrophosphatase or beta-galactosidase found in these tumors. Little difference in the biochemical properties of the enzyme was found between the two groups. Most of the enzyme activity (60-70%) was recivered in the microsomal frctosyltransferase was assayed in "purified" plasma membrane fractions, 70% of the activity was associated with the plasma membrane vesicles, in which the enzyme was enriched by factors of 10-40. The number of galactose acceptor sites on the plasma membranes increased in parallel to the metastasizing capacity, indicating the presence of larger numbers of incomplete glycopeptides on their cell surfaces. These findings seemed to indicate that the greater turnover of glycoprotein in the spontaneously metastasizing tumor cell surface was caused by the shedding of surface antigens into the systemic circulation of the host.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Feb
PMID:Galactosyltransferase activity in metastasizing and nonmetastasizing rat mammary carcinomas and its possible relationship with tumor cell surface antigen shedding. 83 75

Using a neural transplantation model and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, we have introduced the oncogenes v-Ha-ras and v-myc into the developing rat brain. Upon insertion of a construct encoding v-Ha-ras and the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase marker gene, the retroviral vector was found to be expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells of the graft. After latency periods of several months, fascicular neoplasms with expression of S-100 protein were observed in 50% of the transplants. The foreign genes were shown to be highly expressed in the tumors and in intact donor cells, by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside histochemistry, indicating that an activated Ha-ras oncogene has the potential to initiate neoplastic transformation of glial cells. Introduction of the v-myc oncogene into 15 grafts resulted in only a single primitive neuroectodermal tumor. However, simultaneous expression of the v-Ha-ras and v-myc genes yielded highly malignant, polyclonal neoplasms in all recipient animals, as early as 13 days after transplantation, from which cell lines could be easily derived. In addition, neoplastic transformation was also observed in vitro following introduction of ras and myc into embryonic forebrain cultures and into newborn cerebellar cultures. These data indicate a powerful complementary transforming effect of ras and myc on neural progenitors in vivo and in vitro. Coexpression of ras and myc may, therefore, provide a highly efficient tool for transforming neural precursor cells in distinct segments of the central nervous system at different stages of development.
Cancer Res 1992 Jul 01
PMID:Oncogene complementation in fetal brain transplants. 131 31

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific to an open reading frame of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat were generated using an open reading frame-beta-galactosidase fusion protein produced in E. coli. Both antibodies reacted with the open reading frame-beta-galactosidase fusion protein but not with beta-galactosidase alone using an immunoblotting technique. It is concluded that these antibodies were specific for the protein encoded by the open reading frame of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat.
Cancer Lett 1992 Aug 31
PMID:Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies monospecific to MMTV LTR orf protein produced in E. coli. 132 84

A murine model for meningeal metastasis of malignant glioma was developed to study selective gene transfer into tumor cells and to establish a reliable means of determining the rate of tumor cell infection. A murine ecotropic retroviral vector was created in which the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene served as a marker for gene expression from the integrated retrovirus. This retrovirus exhibited a high rate of infectivity in RSV-M mouse glioma cells in vitro. The recombinant retrovirus was injected directly into the cisterna magna of the mice. Staining of beta-galactosidase showed that the rate of gene integration was high in the disseminated glioma cells. These results suggest the possibility of retrovirus-mediated gene therapy for meningeal dissemination of malignant glioma.
Jpn J Cancer Res 1992 Dec
PMID:Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer targeted to malignant glioma cells in murine brain. 133 95

We have recently published that soluble cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors are converted to a particulate form when they are incubated at 37 degrees C in a tubulin-polymerizing buffer [Pratt, W. B., Sanchez, E. R., Bresnick, E. H., Meshinchi, S., Scherrer, L. C., Dalman, F. C., & Welsh, M. J. (1989) Cancer Res. (Suppl.) 49, 2222s-2229s]. In this work, we further define this phenomenon and demonstrate that the L-cell glucocorticoid receptors are binding to a protein particulate composed largely of cytoskeletal proteins. Incubation of L-cell cytosol with glutamate at 37 degrees C converts the glucorticoid receptor to a form that pellets when cytosol is centrifuged at 150000g. The particulate material formed in a temperature-dependent and glutamate-dependent manner contains a large amount of tubulin, actin, and vimentin, but it is not the product of a cold-labile, colchicine-sensitive polymerization process. Very few cytosolic proteins are present in this complex, but the glucocorticoid receptor is tightly bound to it. Binding of the receptor to the cytoskeletal complex occurs after receptor transformation and is at least partially energy-dependent. Examination of the behavior of beta-galactosidase receptor fusion proteins and the nti glucocorticoid receptor demonstrates that residues 445 to the COOH-terminus of the receptor (DNA-binding and hormone-binding domains) contain the features required for binding to the cytoskeletal complex. Although it is the transformed receptor that associates tightly with the complex, DNA-binding activity is not required for association with the cytoskeletal particulate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Energy-dependent conversion of transformed cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors from soluble to particulate-bound form. 135 99


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