Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prednisolone (PDS) beads were coated sequentially with (i) innermost hydrophobic layer of Eudragit RS/RL, (ii) middle drug release-triggering layer of chitosan, organic acid and Eudragit RS/RL, and (iii) outermost enteric coating layer. Continuous dissolution studies were carried out in artificial gastric fluid (pH 1.2), followed by intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), and finally in colonic fluid (pH 4 and 6) with and without beta-glucosidase. While drug release was prevented in the gastric and small-intestinal fluids, a continuous release was observed in the colonic fluid. Succinic acid provided the fastest rate of release in the colonic fluid compared to citric, tartaric or malic acid. A combined mechanism of drug release is proposed, which considers the swelling of chitosan and Eudragit RS/RL in the presence of succinic acid possibly via electrostatic interaction between the amine groups of chitosan/quaternary ammonium groups of Eudragit RS/RL and the carboxyl groups of succinic acid in aqueous medium. The results of plasma pharmacokinetic studies in Sprague-Dawley rats showed that the developed system provided a significant delay (T(max) 9.3 h) in the absorption profile of PDS compared with simple enteric-coated (T(max) 4 h) or powder (T(max) 1 h) formulation that was taken as proof for the colon-targeted delivery.
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PMID:Studies of chitosan/organic acid/Eudragit RS/RL-coated system for colonic delivery. 1883 42

The agar-degrading bacterium GNUM-1 was isolated from the brown algal species Sargassum serratifolium, which was obtained from the West Sea of Korea, by using the selective artificial seawater agar plate. The cells were Gram-negative, 0.5-0.6 micrometer wide and 2.0-2.5 micrometer long curved rods with a single polar flagellum, forming nonpigmented, circular, smooth colonies. Cells grew at 20 degrees C- 37 degrees C, between pH 5.0 and 9.0, and at 1-10% (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content of the GNUM-1 strain was 45.5 mol%. The 16S rRNA sequence of the GNUM-1 was very similar to those of Alteromonas stellipolaris LMG 21861 (99.86% sequence homology) and Alteromonas addita R10SW13 T (99.64% sequence homology), which led us to assign it to the genus Alteromonas. It showed positive activities for agarase, amylase, gelatinase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, alpha-chymotrypsin, acid phosphatase, naphthol- AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, catalase, and urease. It can utilize citrate, malic acid, and trisodium citrate. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (21.5%, comprising C16:1omega7c/iso- C15:0 2-OH) and C16:0 (15.04%). On the basis of the variations in many biochemical characteristics, GNUM-1 was considered as unique and thus was named Alteromonas sp. GNUM-1. It produced the highest agarase activity in modified ASW medium containing 0.4% sucrose, but lower activity in rich media despite superior growth, implying that agarase production is tightly regulated and repressed in a rich nutrient condition. The 30 kDa protein with agarase activity was identified by zymography, and this report serves as the very first account of such a protein in the genus Alteromonas.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of an agarase-producing bacterial strain, Alteromonas sp. GNUM-1, from the West Sea, Korea. 2322 23