Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect on various caecal bacteria and their metabolic activities of feeding diet containing transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (TOS) with or without Bifidobacterium breve (administered in the drinking water) was investigated in rats colonized with a human faecal microflora. TOS (5% w/w in diet) or TOS plus B. breve, given for 4 weeks, induced increases in caecal concentration of total anaerobic bacteria, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and decreases in numbers of enterobacteria. Caecal pH was significantly reduced by feeding TOS, as were the activities of beta-glucuronidase and nitrate reductase. In contrast, beta-glucosidase activity was increased in TOS-fed rats. Dietary TOS was also associated with decreased conversion, by caecal contents, of the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ) to its genotoxic 7-hydroxy derivative.
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PMID:The effects of transgalactosylated oligosaccharides on gut flora metabolism in rats associated with a human faecal microflora. 834 28

Production of a cellobiase-rich preparation by Aspergillus niger 1 was achieved using water hyacinth cellulose as the sole carbon source in the culture medium. Production of cellobiase, carboxymethylcellulase (CMC-ase) and filter paper (FP)-cellulase was favoured by controlling the pH of the culture medium during fermentation at 5.0. Sodium citrate (0.5%), sodium phytate (0.1%), Tween-80 (0.2%, v/v) and asparagine (0.07%) had stimulating effects on the productivity of cellobiase, CMC-ase and FP-cellulase. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate doubled the yield of CMC-ase but had a slight effect on FP-cellulase and cellobiase. Wheat bran had a pronounced stimulating effect on the production of cellobiase and CMC-ase. The combined effects of these stimulators resulted in an enzyme preparation rich in cellobiase and contained 18.5, 0.29 and 2.21 U/ml of cellobiase, FP-cellulase and CMC-ase, respectively. A high cellobiase/FP-cellulase ratio of 63.8:1 was thus obtained with the fungal enzyme preparation. The cellobiase activity was maximal at pH 5.0 and showed good thermostability.
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PMID:Utilization of water hyacinth cellulose for production of cellobiase-rich preparation by Aspergillus niger 1. 855 82

We compared the concentrations of protein-unbound non-tryptophan fluorescent substances in the water-soluble fraction between non-brunescent (NBr) and brunescent (Br) human cataractous lens nuclei. Lens nuclei (NBr, 22 eyes: Br, 9 eyes) from non-diabetic patients, obtained by extracapsular cataract extraction, were individually homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatants were subsequently ultra-dialyzed and assessed by high pressure liquid chromatography. 3-Hydroxykynurenine-O-beta-glucoside (3-HKG) as well as an unidentified fluorescent substance was detected. While the concentrations of the former substance did not significantly differ between the NBr and the Br nuclei (NBr, 0.55 +/- 0.49 mumol/g wet weight: Br, 0.90 +/- 0.64 mumol/g wet weight; p > 0.1), the concentration of the latter substance was significantly greater in the Br nuclei than in the NBr nuclei (NBr, 2.2 x 10(3) +/- 5.4 x 10(3) AU/g wet weight: Br, 1.4 x 10(5) +/- 1.1 x 10(5) AU/g wet weight; AU: area unit, p < 0.01). An incubation of the dialysate with beta-glucosidase eliminated the peak corresponding to the latter substance. These results suggest that an unidentified protein-unbound fluorescent substance, which is presumably a beta-glucoside, in the lens nuclei is related to the coloration of human lens nuclei.
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PMID:[Comparison of free non-tryptophan fluorescent substances in water-soluble fraction of brunescent and non-brunescent human cataract]. 865 Oct 55

This investigation studied the effects of a shift from a well-balanced mixed diet to a lacto-vegetarian diet on the mutagenic activity in urine and feces and on some cancer-associated bacterial enzymes in human feces (beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and sulphatase). Three months after the shift to the lacto-vegetarian diet, there was a significant decrease in mutagenic activity in urine and feces, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, and sulphatase per gram feces wet weight. In contrast, the fecal mutagenic activity and the enzyme activities remained unchanged if expressed per daily output. However, the urinary mutagenic activity expressed as total daily output decreased. Part of the explanation for the decreased fecal mutagenic activity and the decreased enzyme activities is obviously a dilution effect, because much of the increased fecal weight after the shift in diet was associated with a higher water content.
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PMID:Dietary influence on some proposed risk factors for colon cancer: fecal and urinary mutagenic activity and the activity of some intestinal bacterial enzymes. 916 43

Saponin C, a beta-glucosidase-treated saponin isolated from ethanol-water extracts of a South African collection of Tribulus terrestris, was shown by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy to be ruscogenin 1-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-6)-acetylglucopyranoside++ +. GC-MS analysis of the hydrolysed ethanol-water (4:1) extracts of T.terrestris specimens from two of four sites, revealed high levels of ruscogenin and potentially lithogenic diosgenin saponins. Specimens from two other sites contained non-lithogenic saponins derived predominantly from tigogenin, neotigogenin, gitogenin and neo-gitogenin.
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PMID:Photosensitivity in South Africa. IX. Structure elucidation of a beta-glucosidase-treated saponin from Tribulus terrestris, and the identification of saponin chemotypes of South African T. terrestris. 917 64

A modified mE medium (mEI) containing the chromogenic substrate indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside to detect beta-D-glucosidase activity was evaluated with respect to specificity and recovery of enterococci from environmental waters. Extending incubation from 24 to 48 h improved enterococci recovery but 77% of the colonies classified as non-target were confirmed as enterococci. Randomly chosen enterococcal isolates from sewage, exposed in microcosms containing 0.22 micron membrane filtered fresh or estuarine water, exhibited differences in persistence as a function of exposure treatment. Decreasing the concentration of or eliminating indoxyl-beta-D-glucoside from mE did not significantly affect recovery of purified isolates.
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PMID:Enumeration of Enterococcus sp. using a modified mE method. 924 78

Ingestion of fermented dairy products induces changes in the equilibrium and metabolism of the intestinal microflora and may thus exert a healthful influence on the host. We compared the effects of consumption of a traditional yogurt, a milk fermented with yogurt cultures and Lactobacillus casei (YC), and a nonfermented gelled milk on the fecal microflora of healthy infants. Thirty-nine infants aged 10-18 mo were randomly assigned to one of three groups in which they received 125 g/d of one of the three products for 1 mo. The following indexes were not modified during the supplementation period or for 1 wk after the end of supplementation: total number of anaerobes, bifidobacteria, bacteroides, and enterobacteria; pH; water content; concentrations of acetate, butyrate, propionate, and lactate; and bacterial enzyme activity of beta-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase. In contrast, in the yogurt group the number of enterococci in fecal samples increased (P < 0.05), whereas the percentage of branched-chain and long-chain fatty acids, which are markers of proteolytic fermentation, decreased (P < 0.05). In the YC group, the percentage of children with > 6 log10 colony-forming units lactobacilli/g feces increased (P < 0.05), whereas the potentially harmful enzyme activity of beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase decreased (P < 0.05). These decreases were particularly marked in those infants in the YC group in whom activity of the enzymes was initially unusually high.
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PMID:Milk fermented with yogurt cultures and Lactobacillus casei compared with yogurt and gelled milk: influence on intestinal microflora in healthy infants. 944 Mar 84

Recent evidence suggests that resistant starch (RS) is the single most important substrate for bacterial carbohydrate fermentation in the human colon. During two 4-wk periods. 12 healthy volunteers consumed a controlled basal diet enriched with either amylomaize starch (55.2 +/- 3.5 g RS/d; high-RS diet) or available cornstarch (7.7 +/- 0.3 g RS/d; low-RS diet). Approximately 90% of the RS consumed disappeared during intestinal passage; increased fermentation was verified by elevated breath-hydrogen excretion. During the high-RS diet, fecal wet and dry weight increased 49% and 56%, respectively (P < or = 0.005), whereas stool water content did not change significantly. Fecal concentrations and daily excretion of short-chain fatty acids were not different in the two study periods. During the high-RS diet, bacterial beta-glucosidase activity decreased by 26% (P < or = 0.05). Fecal concentrations of total and secondary bile acids were significantly lower during the high-RS than during the low-RS period [a decrease of 30% (P < or = 0.05) and 32% (P < or = 0.01), respectively, in total and secondary bile acids] whereas concentrations of primary bile acids were unaffected by RS consumption. During the high-RS diet, fecal concentrations of total neutral sterols decreased by 30% (P < or = 0.005) and fecal concentrations of 4-cholesten-3-one decreased by 36% (P < or = 0.05). These data suggest that RS has potentially important effects on bacterial metabolism in the human colon that may be relevant for cancer prevention.
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PMID:Effects of resistant starch on the colon in healthy volunteers: possible implications for cancer prevention. 944 Mar 88

A sensitive and reliable method is described for quantitative determination of salicin (including salicyl alcohol) and salicylic acid in botanical dietary supplements by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with wavelength-programmed fluorescence detection. One gram sample material was extracted with 20 mL aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), which was heated in an 80 degrees C water bath for 30 min. After centrifugation and cooling of the extract to room temperature, the supernatant was diluted with additional buffer. A 1 mL portion of diluted extract was mixed with 1 mL beta-glucosidase solution (2 mg/mL) and incubated for 40 min in a 37 degrees C water bath. The extract was passed through a 0.45 micron syringe filter and analyzed by LC. Limits of quantitation for salicin and salicylic acid were 20 and 1 microgram/g, respectively. Recoveries from samples fortified with salicin at 20, 100, and 1000 micrograms/g and with salicylic acid at 5, 20, and 50 micrograms/g ranged from 85 to 110%, with standard deviations less than 7%.
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PMID:Determination of salicin and related compounds in botanical dietary supplements by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. 968 Jul 1

The effect of different water availabilities (water activity, aw; 0.98-0.93) and time (up to 15 days) on the production of seven hydrolytic enzymes by strains of F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum during early colonisation of gamma-irradiated living maize grain were examined in this study. Both the total activity (micromol 4-nitrophenol min(-1) g(-1) maize) and specific activity (nmol 4-nitrophenol min(-1) microg(-1) protein) were quantified using chromogenic p-nitrophenyl substrates. The dominant three enzymes produced by the fungi on whole colonised maize kernels were alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The other four enzymes were all produced in much lower total amounts and in terms of specific activity (beta-D-fucosidase, alpha-D-mannosidase, beta-D-xylosidase and N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase), similar to that in uncolonised control maize grain. There were significant increases in the total production of the three predominant enzymes between 3-15 days colonisation, and between 3-6 days in terms of specific activity when compared to untreated controls. The total and specific activity of the alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, were maximum at 0.98 aw with significantly less being produced at 0.95 and 0.93 aw, with the exception of the total activity of alpha-D-galactosidase which was similar at both 0.95 and 0.93 aw. Single factors (time, aw, and inoculation treatment), two- and three- way interactions were all statistically significant for the three dominant enzymes produced except for specific activity of beta-D-glucosidase (two and three-way interactions) and for total activity of alpha-D-galactosidase in the time x aw treatment. This study suggests that these hydrolytic enzymes may play an important role in enabling these important fumonisin-producing Fusarium spp. to rapidly infect living maize grain over a wide aw range.
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PMID:Effect of water activity on hydrolytic enzyme production by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum during colonisation of maize. 972 89


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