Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carbon reserves in rice straw before flowering contribute greatly to grain filling. Moderate soil drying imposed at the post-anthesis stage significantly promotes carbon reserve remobilization in straws of rice, but the regulation of this process at the proteomic and transcriptomic level remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied moderate soil drying (MD) to rice at the post-anthesis stage, which was followed by dynamic proteomic and transcriptomic studies using SWATH-MS and RNA-seq analysis. MD treatment upregulated the proteins alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and starch phosphorylase, which are responsible for starch degradation. Furthermore, MD treatment enhanced the expression of proteins involved in the sucrose synthesis pathway, including SPS8 and SPP1. In addition, various monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) and sucrose transporter 2 (SUT2), which are pivotal in carbon reserve remobilization, were also upregulated in straw by MD treatment. Differentially expressed transcription factors, including GRAS, TCP, trihelix, TALE, C3H, and NF-YC, were predicted to interact with other proteins to mediate carbon reserve remobilization in response to MD treatment. Further correlation analysis revealed that the abundances of most of the differentially expressed proteins were not correlated with the corresponding transcript levels, indicating that the carbon reserve remobilization process was probably regulated by posttranscriptional modification. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of carbon reserve remobilization from straw to grain in rice under MD conditions.
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PMID:Regulation of gene expression involved in the remobilization of rice straw carbon reserves results from moderate soil drying during grain filling. 3162 Nov 35

In most of the aquatic ecosystems, microorganisms are major players in the biogeochemical and nutrients cycles (Carbon Nitrogen, Phosphorus), through their enzymatic activities (leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase) on organic polymers such as polypeptides, organophosphate esters and polysaccharides, respectively. The small monomers released by decomposition are metabolised by microbes, supporting their growth. Most of the extracellular enzymes are adaptative and their synthesis and activity is strongly affected by environmental factors, consequently the relative importance of leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase reflects differences in the composition of organic matter and assume a different meaning. Since more than two decades, at the CNR the influence of climate changes, seasonal variability, depth and coastal input on the patterns of enzymatic activities in the Mediterranean Sea have been studied. Its particular characteristics of a semi-closed basin, high summer evaporation and the occurrence of important water dynamics, make this ecosystem particularly suitable as a model site for climate changes-related observations. The present paper reviews the current information of environmental changes on extracellular enzymatic activity obtained in the Mediterranean areas with the aim of evaluating the effects of environmental changes on the microbial activities. The obtained results revealed significant variations in the rates of hydrolytic activities in relation to space and time, with the highest levels generally found in the epipelagic layer (0-100m) and in coastal zones during warm periods. In the Central Mediterranean Sea their relationship with temperature changes was demonstrated. Spatial variations in the relative enzyme activities also suggested a modulation in the metabolic profiles of the prokaryotic communities, with biogeochemical implications in nutrient regeneration. Long term studies on microbial activity and abundances in relation with rising temperatures can have a predictive value to describe the evolutionary scenario of microbial processes and the response of microbial metabolism to climate changes in the Mediterranean Sea.
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PMID:Microbial enzymes in the Mediterranean Sea: relationship with climate changes. 3166 60