Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Soybean plants were grown for 90 days and spinach plants for 64 days in a mixture of sterilized greenhouse soil and sand containing 10 ppm pentachlorophenol. All plant parts and soil samples were extracted and separated into nonpolar and polar fractions. Major nonpolar and polar metabolites were identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Nonpolar fractions from both soybean and spinach plants were found to contain pentachlorophenol and its metabolites, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, methoxytetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole, and pentachloroanisole. Cleavage of polar metabolites from the soybean plants by acid hydrolysis yielded organic solvent-extractable products. These products were identified as pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and methoxytetrachlorophenol. Cleavage of polar materials from spinach plants yielded only pentachlorophenol. The polar metabolites from the soybean plants were also subjected to enzymatic cleavage by beta-glucosidase. The conjugates consisted mostly of O-glucosides of the same metabolites released by acid hydrolysis. Failure of hydrolysis by aryl sulfatase indicated that very little or no sulfates were present. The metabolites found in the plants were not detected in soil samples obtained from pots immediately after the plants were harvested.
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PMID:Uptake, translocation, and transformation of pentachlorophenol in soybean and spinach plants. 403 60

Metabolic fate of xenobiotics in plant tissues has an important role in the ultimate fate of these compounds in natural and engineered systems. Chlorophenols are an important class of xenobiotics used in a variety of biocides and have been shown to be resistant to microbial degradation. Three chlorophenyl glycosides were extracted from tissues of Lemna minor exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). The products were identified as 2,4-dichlorophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (DCPG), 2,4-dichlorophenyl-beta-D-(6-O-malonyl)-glucopyranoside (DCPMG) and 2,4-dichlorophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(6 --> 1)-beta-D-apiofuranoside (DCPAG). Identification was based on reverse phase retention (C18), electrospray mass spectra collected in negative and positive mode (ESI-NEG and ESI-POS, respectively), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra comparisons to reference materials synthesized in the laboratory. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of plants exposed to 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) formed analogous compounds: 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (TCPG), 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl-beta-D-(6-O-malonyl)-glucopyranoside (TCPMG) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(6 --> 1)-beta-D-apiofuranoside (TCPAG). Enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis with beta-glucosidase was ineffective in releasing the beta-glucosides with chemical modifications at C6. Presence of these glucoconjugates confirmed that L. minor was capable of xenobiotic uptake and transformation. Identification of these products suggested that chlorophenols were incorporated into vacuoles and cell walls of L. minor.
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PMID:Glycosidation of chlorophenols by Lemna minor. 1528 53

Carbon reserves in rice straw before flowering contribute greatly to grain filling. Moderate soil drying imposed at the post-anthesis stage significantly promotes carbon reserve remobilization in straws of rice, but the regulation of this process at the proteomic and transcriptomic level remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied moderate soil drying (MD) to rice at the post-anthesis stage, which was followed by dynamic proteomic and transcriptomic studies using SWATH-MS and RNA-seq analysis. MD treatment upregulated the proteins alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and starch phosphorylase, which are responsible for starch degradation. Furthermore, MD treatment enhanced the expression of proteins involved in the sucrose synthesis pathway, including SPS8 and SPP1. In addition, various monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) and sucrose transporter 2 (SUT2), which are pivotal in carbon reserve remobilization, were also upregulated in straw by MD treatment. Differentially expressed transcription factors, including GRAS, TCP, trihelix, TALE, C3H, and NF-YC, were predicted to interact with other proteins to mediate carbon reserve remobilization in response to MD treatment. Further correlation analysis revealed that the abundances of most of the differentially expressed proteins were not correlated with the corresponding transcript levels, indicating that the carbon reserve remobilization process was probably regulated by posttranscriptional modification. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of carbon reserve remobilization from straw to grain in rice under MD conditions.
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PMID:Regulation of gene expression involved in the remobilization of rice straw carbon reserves results from moderate soil drying during grain filling. 3162 Nov 35