Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.21 (beta-glucosidase)
 3,280 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enzyme extract from Cellulase-Onozuka, a commercial product of Trichoderma viride, was fractionated by Amberlite CG-50 column chromatography into three cellulase [EC 3.2.1.4] groups, peaks I to III. A noval enzyme, which has both beta-glucosidase [EC 3.2.1.21] and exo-carboxymethyl-cellulase (exo-CMCase) properties was obtained from peak III by extensive purification throuh consecutive column chromatography. The enzyme was homogeneous on ultracentrifugation, SDS-gel and cellulose acetate film electrophoreses and molecular sieve chromatography on Bio-Gel P-150. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated to be 53,000. The enzyme appeared to release cellobiose residues one by one from the nonreducing end of higher cellooligosaccharides and CM-cellulose (CMC), but to release glucosyl residues from reduced cellotriose and beta-cellobioside, resembling a beta-glucosidase in this respect. Furthermore, this exo-CMCase also attacked xylan exo-wise to produce xylobiose moleculaes one by one, but it scarcely attacked insoluble cellulose, except for a cellodextrin apparently rich in amorphous structure.
J Biochem 1975 Sep
PMID:Purification and properties of an exo-cellulase component of novel type from Trichoderma miride. 0 9

Six patients with liver metastases from carcinoid or colon carcinoma underwent hepatic derterialization. This operation, known to cause both tumor necrosis and liver cell damage, caused considerable increases of several lysosomal acid hydrolases in the circulation. Thus, beta-glucosidase showed a small temporary increase during the operation, followed by a slower but higher reaction reaching a maximum 12 to 36 hours postoperatively. Similar reactions were noted for beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, arylsuphatase A, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase while no reactions were found for cathepsin D. Very high enzyme levels occurred in a patient dying from bleeding complications in the postoperative period.
Am J Surg 1976 Sep
PMID:Plasma activities of lysosomal enzymes after hepatic dearterialization in man. 0 1

The activities of several glycosidases (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) were demonstrated in human bile. The enzyme activities are increased about 100 times after exclusion of bile salts and other small molecular compounds by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl derivatives as substrates was useful as measurement of the bile enzyme activities are not altered in the presence of bile pigments. Enzyme characteristics of bile glycosidases were determined: pH optimum and isoelectric point. The bile glycosidase activities were also measured in various hepatobiliary disorders (cholelithiasis, cancer of gallbladder, acute hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and fatty liver). The glycosidase activities in bile from patients with liver diseases, as well as with cholelithiasis, were generally decreased. Isoelectric focusing patterns of biliary glycosidases were similar for specimens from patients with hepatobiliary disorders as compared to normal.
Clin Chim Acta 1977 Sep 01
PMID:Bile lysosomal enzymes: characteristics and pathological significance for various hepatobiliary disorders. 1 80

This paper deals with the measurement of acid hydrolases in uncentrifuged and centrifuged saliva of normal controls and the determination of some of their physical characteristics such as pH optimum, thermal stability, and residual activity after freezing and storage. From this study it appears that beta-D-glucosidase sediments totally, whereas the other enzymes show varying residual activity in the supernatant after centrifugation. In the saliva from 2 patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy and 2 patients with fucosidosis a deficiency of arylsulphatase A and alpha-L-fucosidase, respectively, was found.
Clin Chim Acta 1979 Sep 15
PMID:Determination of lysosomal enzymes in saliva. Confirmation of the diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy and fucosidosis by enzyme analysis. 4 Jul 13

Intestinal lactase activity (with its associated cellobiase, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-galactosidase and -beta-glucosidase activities) was used as a specific intestinal marker enzyme to study the release of protein and enzymes of intestinal origin in sheep amniotic fluid during gestation. In amniotic fluid, intestinal lactase activity peaked at 66--85 days of gestation and then decreased with gestation. This enzyme activity was very low or absent in allantoic fluid throughout gestation suggesting that there is no important transfer of amniotic fluid lactase towards the allantoic cavity. Maltase and 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-glucosidase showed no statistically significant variation with gestation in both amniotic and allantoic fluid whereas alpha-galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase which were first higher in allantoic than in amniotic fluid increased in amniotic fluid to reach allantoic fluid levels near term. Such patterns are consistent with the suggestion that the fetal urine is a source of alpha-galactosidase and N-acety-beta-hexosaminidase activities and that sheep urine is first accumulated in the allantoic sac via the urachus up to 86--90 days of gestation and thereafter passes more and more into the amniotic sac.
J Reprod Fertil 1979 Sep
PMID:Origin and developmental patterns of lactase and other glycosidases in sheep amniotic and allantoic fluid. 11 4

The aglycone methylazoxymethanol of the naturally occurring carcinogenic glucoside, cycasin, has previously been shown to be mutagenic, but cycasin per se has not. In this work, cycasin was demonstrated to be mutagenic using a modification of the Ames Salmonella test in which it was preincubated with beta-glucosidase and the tester strain in liquid medium. The mutagenicity of cycasin to six histine-depedent Salmonella strains varied considerably with strain HisG46 being the most susceptible. Methylazoxymethyl-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid, which also is nonmutagenic per se, similarly became mutagenic when preincubated with beta-glucuronidase. Methylazoxymethyl acetate, which is slightly mutagenic by the Ames standard pour plate method, became highly mutagenic on preincubation. The mutagenicity of free methylazoxymethanol was confirmed, and a linear dose-response relationship was observed. The common conditions required for activation of nonmutagenic methylazoxymethanol conjugates, the glucoside cycasin and methylazoxymethyl-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid, are 90-min preincubation at 30 degrees, pH 6.5, with an appropriate hydrolase and Salmonella typhimurium HisG46.
Cancer Res 1979 Sep
PMID:Mutagenicity of the naturally occurring carcinogen cycasin and synthetic methylazoxymethanol conjugates in Salmonella typhimurium. 38 89

The by-product (3) in the hydration of D-glucal (1) catalyzed by emulsin beta-D-glucosidase has been identified as 1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-3-O-(2-deoxy-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-D-arabino-hex-1-enitol. Two models for the formation of 3 are discussed, involving transfer of a 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl cation to HO-3 of D-glucal (glycon transfer) and transfer of an allylic D-pseudoglucal cation to HO-1 of 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranose (aglycan transfer). The enzymic production of 3 is highly regiospecific, which lends support to the second model and implies the presence of a specific binding-site for the aglycon moiety.
Carbohydr Res 1977 Sep
PMID:1,5-anhydro-2-deoxy-3-O-(2-deoxy-beta-D-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-D-arabino-hex-1-enitol, the by-product in the enzymic hydration of D-glucal by beta-D-glucosidase from emulsin. 41 Apr 99

The non-neuropathic form of Gaucher's disease was diagnosed in 11 children of non-Jewish ancestry in South Africa; all were under the age of 4. None had any neurological involvement and, apart from the precocious presentation and rapid course, the features in each resembled those of the classical 'adult' or chronic non-neuropathic form of Gaucher disease. By contrast, the condition presented after puberty in 24 out of 28 Ashkenazi Jews who were studied during the same investigation. Activity of beta-glucosidase was defective in both groups of patients and they could not be distinguished by histological criteria. Only one child with the infantile neuropathic form of Gaucher disease was identified during the survey. The preponderance of the atypical non-neuropathic form of the disorder in young children is of practical importance from the point of view of differential diagnosis in any child with hepatosplenomegaly.
Arch Dis Child 1979 Sep
PMID:Non-neuropathic Gaucher disease presenting in infancy. 51 9

The pH optima and apparent Km and Vmax values were determined for nine glycosidases of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the calf. In terms of micromoles of substrate cleaved per milligram protein per hour, the following relative order of enzymatic activities was observed: beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase greater than alpha-glucosidase = beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase greater than alpha-mannosidase greater than beta-galactosidase greater than beta-glucosidase greater than alpha-fucosidase greater than alpha-galactosidase greater than beta-glucuronidase. The pH optimum of each of these enzymes was in the acidic range (below pH 6). All these findings refer to enzymatic activities of bovine RPE preparations obtained by the brushing procedure of Glocklin and Potts and washing as described by Berman and Feeney. Thus they may relate to those activities associated with particulate components of the RPE cell and not to the more soluble glycosidases. The distribution of the glycosidases between the washes of the cells and the final pellet of bovine RPE cells was examined. The activities of 10 glycosidases in the RPE of the embryonic chick were also examined. Neither beta-mannosidase nor beta-fucosidase activities could be detected in washed bovine RPE cells, although beta-mannosidase was detected in RPE of the embryonic chick. The presence of isoenzymes of beta-glucuronidase in bovine RPE was indicated. Specificity by beta-glucuronidase of bovine RPE for synthetic substrates was observed.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1978 Sep
PMID:Glycosidases of the retinal pigment epithelium. 70 Sep 67

The activities of 14 acid hydrolases have been measured in normal and diseased human epidermis. Our findings were as follows: (i) Increased hydrolase activity was common in lesions; the clinically uninvolved skin of patients, however, invariably showed normal values. (2) The pattern of change was independent of the nature of the didease, the arylsulphatases and beta-glucosidase usually showing the greatest elevations. (3) The magnitude of the changes differed from disease to disease, being most marked in the lesions of psoriasis. (4) Ichthyosiform erythroderma was exceptional in showing elevated levels of the galactosidases and cathepsins B1 and D. We suggest that (with the exception of ichthyosiform erythroderma) the abnormalities which we have observed may be related to the proliferative rate of the epidermis.
Br J Dermatol 1976 Sep
PMID:Lysosomal hydrolases of the epidermis. 6. Changes in disease. 78 65


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